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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Impact of Xynthia Tempest on Viral Contamination of Shellfish
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2012
    In:  Applied and Environmental Microbiology Vol. 78, No. 9 ( 2012-05), p. 3508-3511
    Details
    In: Applied and Environmental Microbiology, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 78, No. 9 ( 2012-05), p. 3508-3511
    Abstract: Viral contamination in oyster and mussel samples was evaluated after a massive storm with hurricane wind named “Xynthia tempest” destroyed a number of sewage treatment plants in an area harboring many shellfish farms. Although up to 90% of samples were found to be contaminated 2 days after the disaster, detected viral concentrations were low. A 1-month follow-up showed a rapid decrease in the number of positive samples, even for norovirus.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0099-2240 , 1098-5336
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/AEM.07604-11
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2012
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 223011-2
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1478346-0
    SSG: 12
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Infection of neonatal mice with the murine norovirus strain WU23 is a robust model to study norovirus pathogenesis
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2023
    In:  Lab Animal Vol. 52, No. 6 ( 2023-06), p. 119-129
    Details
    In: Lab Animal, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 52, No. 6 ( 2023-06), p. 119-129
    Abstract: Noroviruses are the leading cause of severe childhood diarrhea and foodborne disease worldwide. While they are a major cause of disease in all age groups, infections in the very young can be quite severe, with annual estimates of 50,000–200,000 fatalities in children under 5 years old. In spite of the remarkable disease burden associated with norovirus infections, very little is known about the pathogenic mechanisms underlying norovirus diarrhea, principally because of the lack of tractable small animal models. The development of the murine norovirus (MNV) model nearly two decades ago has facilitated progress in understanding host–norovirus interactions and norovirus strain variability. However, MNV strains tested thus far either do not cause intestinal disease or were isolated from extraintestinal tissue, raising concerns about translatability of research findings to human norovirus disease. Consequently, the field lacks a strong model of norovirus gastroenteritis. Here we provide a comprehensive characterization of a new small animal model system for the norovirus field that overcomes prior weaknesses. Specifically, we demonstrate that the WU23 MNV strain isolated from a mouse naturally presenting with diarrhea causes a transient reduction in weight gain and acute self-resolving diarrhea in neonatal mice of several inbred mouse lines. Moreover, our findings reveal that norovirus-induced diarrhea is associated with infection of subepithelial cells in the small intestine and systemic spread. Finally, type I interferons (IFNs) are critical to protect hosts from norovirus-induced intestinal disease whereas type III IFNs exacerbate diarrhea. This latter finding is consistent with other emerging data implicating type III IFNs in the exacerbation of some viral diseases. This new model system should enable a detailed investigation of norovirus disease mechanisms.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0093-7355 , 1548-4475
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1038/s41684-023-01166-5
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2822788-8
    SSG: 22
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Infectious Norovirus Is Chronically Shed by Immunocompromised Pediatric Hosts
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Viruses Vol. 12, No. 6 ( 2020-06-05), p. 619-
    Details
    In: Viruses, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 6 ( 2020-06-05), p. 619-
    Abstract: Noroviruses are a leading cause of gastroenteritis worldwide. Although infections in healthy individuals are self-resolving, immunocompromised individuals are at risk for chronic disease and severe complications. Chronic norovirus infections in immunocompromised hosts are often characterized by long-term virus shedding, but it is unclear whether this shed virus remains infectious. We investigated the prevalence, genetic heterogeneity, and temporal aspects of norovirus infections in 1140 patients treated during a 6-year period at a pediatric research hospital. Additionally, we identified 20 patients with chronic infections lasting 37 to 〉 418 days. Using a new human norovirus in vitro assay, we confirmed the continuous shedding of infectious virus for the first time. Shedding lasted longer in male patients and those with diarrheal symptoms. Prolonged shedding of infectious norovirus in immunocompromised hosts can potentially increase the likelihood of transmission, highlighting the importance of isolation precautions to prevent nosocomial infections.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1999-4915
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/v12060619
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2516098-9
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Bioaccumulation Efficiency, Tissue Distribution, and Environmental Occurrence of Hepatitis E Virus in Bivalve Shellfish from France
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2014
    In:  Applied and Environmental Microbiology Vol. 80, No. 14 ( 2014-07-15), p. 4269-4276
    Details
    In: Applied and Environmental Microbiology, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 80, No. 14 ( 2014-07-15), p. 4269-4276
    Abstract: Hepatitis E virus (HEV), an enteric pathogen of both humans and animals, is excreted by infected individuals and is therefore present in wastewaters and coastal waters. As bivalve molluscan shellfish are known to concentrate viral particles during the process of filter feeding, they may accumulate this virus. The bioaccumulation efficiencies of oysters ( Crassostrea gigas ), flat oysters ( Ostrea edulis ), mussels ( Mytilus edulis ), and clams ( Ruditapes philippinarum ) were compared at different time points during the year. Tissue distribution analysis showed that most of the viruses were concentrated in the digestive tissues of the four species. Mussels and clams were found to be more sensitive to sporadic contamination events, as demonstrated by rapid bioaccumulation in less than 1 h compared to species of oysters. For oysters, concentrations increased during the 24-h bioaccumulation period. Additionally, to evaluate environmental occurrence of HEV in shellfish, an environmental investigation was undertaken at sites potentially impacted by pigs, wild boars, and human waste. Of the 286 samples collected, none were contaminated with hepatitis E virus, despite evidence that this virus is circulating in some French areas. It is possible that the number of hepatitis E viral particles discharged into the environment is too low to detect or that the virus may have a very short period of persistence in pig manure and human waste.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0099-2240 , 1098-5336
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/AEM.00978-14
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2014
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 223011-2
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1478346-0
    SSG: 12
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    DataSheet_1.pdf
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2022
    In:  Frontiers in Immunology Vol. 13 ( 2022-11-1)
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Immunology, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 13 ( 2022-11-1)
    Abstract: Noroviruses are the leading cause of severe childhood diarrhea and foodborne disease worldwide. While they are a major cause of disease in all age groups, infections in the very young can be quite severe with annual estimates of 50,000-200,000 fatalities in children under 5 years old. In spite of the remarkable disease burden associated with norovirus infections in people, very little is known about the pathogenic mechanisms underlying norovirus diarrhea, principally because of the lack of tractable small animal models. We recently demonstrated that wild-type neonatal mice are susceptible to murine norovirus (MNV)-induced acute self-resolving diarrhea in a time course mirroring human norovirus disease. Using this robust pathogenesis model system, we demonstrate that virulence is regulated by the responsiveness of the viral capsid to environmental cues that trigger contraction of the VP1 protruding (P) domain onto the particle shell, thus enhancing receptor binding and infectivity. The capacity of a given MNV strain to undergo this contraction positively correlates with infection of cells expressing low abundance of the virus receptor CD300lf, supporting a model whereby virion contraction triggers infection of CD300lf lo cell types that are responsible for diarrhea induction. These findings directly link environmentally-influenced biophysical features with norovirus disease severity.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1664-3224
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1043746
    DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1043746.s001
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2606827-8
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Environmental Detection of Genogroup I, II, and IV Noroviruses by Using a Generic Real-Time Reverse Transcription-PCR Assay
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2013
    In:  Applied and Environmental Microbiology Vol. 79, No. 21 ( 2013-11), p. 6585-6592
    Details
    In: Applied and Environmental Microbiology, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 79, No. 21 ( 2013-11), p. 6585-6592
    Abstract: Norovirus is the most common agent implicated in food-borne outbreaks and is frequently detected in environmental samples. These viruses are highly diverse, and three genogroups (genogroup I [GI], GII, and GIV) infect humans. Being noncultivable viruses, real-time reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) is the only sensitive method available for their detection in food or environmental samples. Selection of consensus sequences for the design of sensitive assays has been challenging due to sequence diversity and has led to the development of specific real-time RT-PCR assays for each genogroup. Thus, sample screening can require several replicates for amplification of each genogroup (without considering positive and negative controls or standard curves). This study reports the development of a generic assay that detects all three human norovirus genogroups on a qualitative basis using a one-step real-time RT-PCR assay. The generic assay achieved good specificity and sensitivity for all three genogroups, detected separately or in combination. At variance with multiplex assays, the choice of the same fluorescent dye for all three probes specific to each genogroup allows the levels of fluorescence to be added and may increase assay sensitivity when multiple strains from different genogroups are present. When it was applied to sewage sample extracts, this generic assay successfully detected norovirus in all samples found to be positive by the genogroup-specific RT-PCRs. The generic assay also identified all norovirus-positive samples among 157 archived nucleic acid shellfish extracts, including samples contaminated by all three genogroups.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0099-2240 , 1098-5336
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/AEM.02112-13
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2013
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 223011-2
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1478346-0
    SSG: 12
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Genome-scale CRISPR screens identify host factors that promote human coronavirus infection
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2022
    In:  Genome Medicine Vol. 14, No. 1 ( 2022-12)
    Details
    In: Genome Medicine, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 14, No. 1 ( 2022-12)
    Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in 275 million infections and 5.4 million deaths as of December 2021. While effective vaccines are being administered globally, there is still a great need for antiviral therapies as antigenically novel SARS-CoV-2 variants continue to emerge across the globe. Viruses require host factors at every step in their life cycle, representing a rich pool of candidate targets for antiviral drug design. Methods To identify host factors that promote SARS-CoV-2 infection with potential for broad-spectrum activity across the coronavirus family, we performed genome-scale CRISPR knockout screens in two cell lines (Vero E6 and HEK293T ectopically expressing ACE2) with SARS-CoV-2 and the common cold-causing human coronavirus OC43. Gene knockdown, CRISPR knockout, and small molecule testing in Vero, HEK293, and human small airway epithelial cells were used to verify our findings. Results While we identified multiple genes and functional pathways that have been previously reported to promote human coronavirus replication, we also identified a substantial number of novel genes and pathways. The website https://sarscrisprscreens.epi.ufl.edu/ was created to allow visualization and comparison of SARS-CoV2 CRISPR screens in a uniformly analyzed way. Of note, host factors involved in cell cycle regulation were enriched in our screens as were several key components of the programmed mRNA decay pathway. The role of EDC4 and XRN1 in coronavirus replication in human small airway epithelial cells was verified. Finally, we identified novel candidate antiviral compounds targeting a number of factors revealed by our screens. Conclusions Overall, our studies substantiate and expand the growing body of literature focused on understanding key human coronavirus-host cell interactions and exploit that knowledge for rational antiviral drug development.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1756-994X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1186/s13073-022-01013-1
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2484394-5
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