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  • 1
    In: Nature, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 376, No. 6535 ( 1995-7), p. 70-74
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0028-0836 , 1476-4687
    RVK:
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 1995
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 120714-3
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1413423-8
    SSG: 11
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Elsevier BV ; 1985
    In:  Immunology Today Vol. 6, No. 3 ( 1985-3), p. 94-101
    In: Immunology Today, Elsevier BV, Vol. 6, No. 3 ( 1985-3), p. 94-101
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0167-5699
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 1985
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2013676-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Elsevier BV ; 1994
    In:  Mechanisms of Development Vol. 47, No. 1 ( 1994-7), p. 43-51
    In: Mechanisms of Development, Elsevier BV, Vol. 47, No. 1 ( 1994-7), p. 43-51
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0925-4773
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 1994
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1466356-9
    SSG: 12
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Company of Biologists ; 1996
    In:  Development Vol. 122, No. 1 ( 1996-01-01), p. 173-179
    In: Development, The Company of Biologists, Vol. 122, No. 1 ( 1996-01-01), p. 173-179
    Abstract: The tympanic membrane in mammals is a trilaminar structure formed by the apposition of two epithelial cell layers, along with an intervening layer of cells derived from pharyngeal arch mesenchyme. One epithelial layer is contributed by the external acoustic meatus, a derivative of the first pharyngeal cleft. The other epithelial layer is contributed by the tubotympanic recess, a derivative of the first pharyngeal pouch. We demonstrate here an absolute correlation between formation of the external acoustic meatus and formation of the tympanic ring, a first archderived membrane bone that anchors the tympanic membrane. Experimental loss of the tympanic ring by retinoic acid treatment, or duplication of the ring in Hoxa-2 null mutant embryos, resulted in corresponding alterations in formation of the external acoustic meatus. We suggest that the tympanic ring primordium induces formation and morphogenesis of the external acoustic meatus, and that expression of the Hoxa-2 and goosecoid genes may be involved in regulating the formation and morphogenesis of these structures.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0950-1991 , 1477-9129
    Language: English
    Publisher: The Company of Biologists
    Publication Date: 1996
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2007916-3
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  • 5
    In: Development, The Company of Biologists, Vol. 115, No. 3 ( 1992-07-01), p. 737-744
    Abstract: The Notch gene of Drosophila encodes a large transmembrane protein involved in cell-cell interactions and cell fate decisions in the Drosophila embryo. To determine if a gene homologous to Drosophila Notch plays a role in early mouse development, we screened a mouse embryo cDNA library with probes from the Xenopus Notch homolog, Xotch. A partial cDNA clone encoding the mouse Notch homolog, which we have termed Motch, was used to analyze expression of the Motch gene. Motch transcripts were detected in a wide variety of adult tissues, which included derivatives of all three germ layers. Differentiation of P19 embryonal carcinoma cells into neuronal cell types resulted in increased expression of Motch RNA. In the postimplantation mouse embryo Motch transcripts were first detected in mesoderm at 7.5 days post coitum (dpc). By 8.5 dpc, transcript levels were highest in presomitic mesoderm, mesenchyme and endothelial cells, while much lower levels were detected in neuroepithelium. In contrast, at 9.5 dpc, neuroepithelium was a major site of Motch expression. Transcripts were also abundant in cell types derived from neural crest. These data suggest that the Motch gene plays multiple roles in patterning and differentiation of the early postimplantation mouse embryo.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0950-1991 , 1477-9129
    Language: English
    Publisher: The Company of Biologists
    Publication Date: 1992
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2007916-3
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  • 6
    In: Development, The Company of Biologists, Vol. 121, No. 9 ( 1995-09-01), p. 3005-3012
    Abstract: goosecoid (gsc) is an evolutionarily conserved homeobox gene expressed in the gastrula organizer region of a variety of vertebrate embryos, including zebrafish, Xenopus, chicken and mouse. To understand the role of gsc during mouse embryogenesis, we generated gsc-null mice by gene targeting in embryonic stem cells. Surprisingly, gsc-null embryos gastrulated and formed the primary body axes; gsc-null mice were born alive but died soon after birth with numerous craniofacial defects. In addition, rib fusions and sternum abnormalities were detected that varied depending upon the genetic background. Transplantation experiments suggest that the ovary does not provide gsc function to rescue gastrulation defects. These results demonstrate that gsc is not essential for organizer activity in the mouse but is required later during embryogenesis for craniofacial and rib cage development.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0950-1991 , 1477-9129
    Language: English
    Publisher: The Company of Biologists
    Publication Date: 1995
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2007916-3
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  • 7
    In: Development, The Company of Biologists, Vol. 128, No. 4 ( 2001-02-15), p. 491-502
    Abstract: The Notch gene family encodes large transmembrane receptors that are components of an evolutionarily conserved intercellular signaling mechanism. To assess the in vivo role of the Notch2 gene, we constructed a targeted mutation, Notch2del1. Unexpectedly, we found that alternative splicing of the Notch2del1mutant allele leads to the production of two different in-frame transcripts that delete either one or two EGF repeats of the Notch2 protein, suggesting that this allele is a hypomorphic Notch2 mutation. Mice homozygous for the Notch2del1 mutation died perinatally from defects in glomerular development in the kidney. Notch2del1/Notch2del1 mutant kidneys were hypoplastic and mutant glomeruli lacked a normal capillary tuft. The Notch ligand encoded by the Jag1 gene was expressed in developing glomeruli in cells adjacent to Notch2-expressing cells. We show that mice heterozygous for both the Notch2del1 and Jag1dDSL mutations exhibit a glomerular defect similar to, but less severe than, that of Notch2del1/Notch2del1 homozygotes. The co-localization and genetic interaction of Jag1 and Notch2 imply that this ligand and receptor physically interact, forming part of the signal transduction pathway required for glomerular differentiation and patterning. Notch2del1/Notch2del1 homozygotes also display myocardial hypoplasia, edema and hyperplasia of cells associated with the hyaloid vasculature of the eye. These data identify novel developmental roles for Notch2 in kidney, heart and eye development.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0950-1991 , 1477-9129
    Language: English
    Publisher: The Company of Biologists
    Publication Date: 2001
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2007916-3
    SSG: 12
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Company of Biologists ; 2007
    In:  Development Vol. 134, No. 15 ( 2007-08-01), p. 2709-2718
    In: Development, The Company of Biologists, Vol. 134, No. 15 ( 2007-08-01), p. 2709-2718
    Abstract: Notch signaling is an ancient intercellular signaling mechanism that plays myriad roles during vascular development and physiology in vertebrates. These roles include regulation of artery/vein differentiation in endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells, regulation of blood vessel sprouting and branching during both normal development and tumor angiogenesis, and the differentiation and physiological responses of vascular smooth muscle cells. Defects in Notch signaling also cause inherited vascular and cardiovascular diseases. In this review, I summarize recent findings and discuss the growing relevance of Notch pathway modulation for therapeutic applications in disease.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1477-9129 , 0950-1991
    Language: English
    Publisher: The Company of Biologists
    Publication Date: 2007
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2007916-3
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Company of Biologists ; 1992
    In:  Development Vol. 116, No. 3 ( 1992-11-01), p. 555-561
    In: Development, The Company of Biologists, Vol. 116, No. 3 ( 1992-11-01), p. 555-561
    Abstract: Differential screening of a cDNA library constructed using PCR amplification techniques from RNA isolated from the distal portion (embryonic ectoderm, mesoderm and visceral endoderm) of 7.5 days post coitum (dpc) mouse embryos led to the isolation of two cDNA clones expressed at higher levels in 7.5 dpc embryos than 12.5 dpc embryos. Nucleotide sequence analysis revealed that each of these clones was a different member of the family of facilitative glucose transporters (Glut genes). The differentially expressed cDNA clones represent mouse Glut-1 and Glut-3. Levels of the Glut-3 mRNA declined 14-fold between days 7.5 and 12.5 of gestation, and were under our limits of detetction by 14.5 dpc. The levels of the Glut-1 mRNA declined about 3-fold between days 7.5 and 12.5 of gestation. Analysis of the expression of these genes by in situ hybridization revealed striking differences in transcript localization in early postimplantation mouse embryos. At 7.5 dpc, both transporters were expressed more strongly in extraembryonic tissues than in the embryo proper. While both transporters were expressed in the amnion and chorion, only Glut-1 was expressed in the ectoplacental cone. In the yolk sac, Glut-3 appeared to be expressed only in the endoderm while Glut-1, although expressed in both layers, was expressed more strongly in the mesoderm layer. Thus, the two transporters have relatively reciprocal sites of expression in the developing extraembryonic membranes. Expression of Glut-1 was fairly widespread in the embryo at 8.5 dpc, but by 10.5 dpc expression was down-regulated and was observed in the eye and the spinal cord. Expression of Glut-3 was largely confined to non-neural surface ectoderm and was also substantially down-regulated by 10.5 dpc. These results prompted an examination of the RNA expression pattern of two other glucose transporter isoforms, Glut-2 and Glut-4. We did not detect Glut-4 expression, while Glut-2 expression was largely confined to extraembryonic visceral yolk sac endoderm. These data suggest differential roles for these glucose transporter family members during early postimplantation development of mice.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0950-1991 , 1477-9129
    Language: English
    Publisher: The Company of Biologists
    Publication Date: 1992
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2007916-3
    SSG: 12
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  • 10
    In: Development, The Company of Biologists, Vol. 116, No. 4 ( 1992-12-01), p. 1033-1039
    Abstract: The Drosophila gene snail encodes a zinc-finger protein that is required zygotically for mesoderm formation. Snail acts as a transcriptional repressor during the period of mesoderm formation by preventing expression of mesectodermal and ectodermal genes in the mesoderm anlage. A Xenopus homolog (xsnail) of snail has been cloned and it too is expressed early in the meso-dermal germ layer. We have isolated cDNA clones of a mouse gene (termed Sna) closely related to snail and xsnail and another Drosophila gene termed escargot that also encodes a zinc-finger protein. Sna encodes a 264 amino acid protein that contains four zinc fingers. Developmental RNA blot analysis showed that Sna transcripts are expressed throughout postimplantation development. Analysis of the spatial and temporal localization of Sna transcripts by in situ hybridization to both whole-mount and sectioned embryos revealed that, in the gastrulating embryo, Sna is expressed through-out the primitive streak and in the entire mesodermal germ layer. By 9.5 days post coitum (dpc) Sna is expressed at high levels in cephalic neural crest and limb bud mesenchyme. In fact, by 10.5 dpc Sna expression is observed in most mesenchymal cells, whether of neural crest or mesodermal origin. Later in gestation, high levels of Sna expression are observed in condensing cartilage and in the mesenchymal component of several tissues (lung, kidney, teeth and vibrissae) that undergo epithelial-mesenchymal inductive interactions during development. These results suggest multiple roles for the Sna gene in gastrulation and organogenesis during murine development.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0950-1991 , 1477-9129
    Language: English
    Publisher: The Company of Biologists
    Publication Date: 1992
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2007916-3
    SSG: 12
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