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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Structural change in an exploited fish community: a consequence of differential fishing effects on species with contrasting life histories
    Wiley ; 1999
    In:  Journal of Animal Ecology Vol. 68, No. 3 ( 1999-05), p. 617-627
    Details
    In: Journal of Animal Ecology, Wiley, Vol. 68, No. 3 ( 1999-05), p. 617-627
    Abstract: 1. An understanding of the links between life histories and responses to exploitation could provide the basis for predicting shifts in community structure by identifying susceptible species and linking life‐history tactics with population dynamics. 2. We examined long‐term trends in the abundance of species in the North Sea bottom‐dwelling (demersal) fish community. Between 1925 & 1996 changes in species composition led to an increase in mean growth rate, while mean maximum size, age at maturity and size at maturity decreased. The demersal fish community was increasingly heavily fished during this period. 3. Trends in mean life‐history characteristics of the community were linked to trends in abundance of component species. An approach based on phylogenetic comparisons was used to examine the differential effects of fishing on individual species with contrasting life histories. 4. Those species that decreased in abundance relative to their nearest relative, matured later at a greater size, grew more slowly towards a greater maximum size and had lower rates of potential population increase. The phylogenetically based analyses demonstrated that trends in community structure could be predicted from the differential responses of related species to fishing. 5. This is the first study to link exploitation responses of an entire community to the life histories of individual species. The results demonstrate that fishing has greater effects on slower growing, larger species with later maturity and lower rates of potential population increase. The comparative approach provides a basis for predicting structural change in other exploited communities.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0021-8790 , 1365-2656
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2656.1999.00312.x
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 1999
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Combining fisheries surveys to inform marine species distribution modelling
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2020
    In:  ICES Journal of Marine Science Vol. 77, No. 2 ( 2020-03-01), p. 539-552
    Details
    In: ICES Journal of Marine Science, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 77, No. 2 ( 2020-03-01), p. 539-552
    Abstract: Ecosystem-scale examination of fish communities typically involves creating spatio-temporally explicit relative abundance distribution maps using data from multiple fishery-independent surveys. However, sampling performance varies by vessel and sampling gear, which may influence estimated species distribution patterns. Using GAMMs, the effect of different gear–vessel combinations on relative abundance estimates at length was investigated using European fisheries-independent groundfish survey data. We constructed a modelling framework for evaluating relative efficiency of multiple gear–vessel combinations. 19 northeast Atlantic surveys for 254 species-length combinations were examined. Space-time variables explained most of the variation in catches for 181/254 species-length cases, indicating that for many species, models successfully characterized distribution patterns when combining data from disparate surveys. Variables controlling for gear efficiency explained substantial variation in catches for 127/254 species-length data sets. Models that fail to control for gear efficiencies across surveys can mask changes in the spatial distribution of species. Estimated relative differences in catch efficiencies grouped strongly by gear type, but did not exhibit a clear pattern across species’ functional forms, suggesting difficulty in predicting the potential impact of gear efficiency differences when combining survey data to assess species’ distributions and highlighting the importance of modelling approaches that can control for gear differences.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1054-3139 , 1095-9289
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/icesjms/fsz254
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2020
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    A feeding guild indicator to assess environmental change impacts on marine ecosystem structure and functioning
    Wiley ; 2020
    In:  Journal of Applied Ecology Vol. 57, No. 9 ( 2020-09), p. 1769-1781
    Details
    In: Journal of Applied Ecology, Wiley, Vol. 57, No. 9 ( 2020-09), p. 1769-1781
    Abstract: L'intégration des indicateurs de réseaux trophiques dans les évaluations des statuts écologiques est essentielle pour développer des mesures de gestions efficaces des écosystèmes dégradés. De par leur nature intégrative, ces indicateurs peuvent dévoiler la façon dont les écosystèmes répondent aux changements environnementaux même lorsque ces réponses ne peuvent être déduites des études d'habitats, d'espèces ou d'assemblages effectuées séparément. Cependant l'investissement considérable nécessaire à la surveillance des réseaux trophiques (par ex. les analyses de contenus stomacaux) et l'absence d'une approche internationalement acceptée pour les évaluer a freiné leur développement. Les interactions trophiques ont été inventoriées à travers le monde et les biomes et peuvent être utilisés pour en déduire la structure des réseaux trophiques et les flux d’énergie. Nous avons compilé un nouveau jeu de données marines contenant 8 092 interactions uniques proie‐prédateur à partir de 415 294 estomacs de poissons. Nous décrivons une manière de caractériser systématiquement les guildes alimentaires (ie. regroupement basé sur le régime alimentaire et le moment de la vie) et de manière propice à leur application dans tous les écosystèmes à l'échelle internationale; et nous les mettons en œuvre dans les assemblages des espèces de poissons de la Mer du Nord pour décrire leur réactivité aux pressions anthropogéniques. Nous avons mis en évidence sept guildes alimentaires distinctes. Les différences entre guildes sont liées à la taille des prédateurs (positivement corrélée avec la piscivorie), la phylogénie (plusieurs classes de taille d'une espèce sont souvent dans la même guilde), et l'habitat (les habitats pélagiques, benthiques et côtier peu profond sont mis en évidence). Les biomasses des guildes sont essentiellement constantes à travers le temps à l'échelle de la Mer du Nord et agrégées spatialement à l'échelle régionale. Les fluctuations des biomasses sont dictées par la variation de la disponibilité alimentaire, la température, la pêche et la biomasse des autres guildes. Cela suggère que la biomasse des poissons est divisée entre de larges niches alimentaires et environnementales et que les changements temporels sont en partie contrôlés par la capacité de charge des guildes mais aussi par une combinaison de covariables aux fluctuations opposées. La gestion des écosystèmes dans la Mer du Nord pourrait ainsi être adaptatif et se concentrer sur des pressions et guildes spécifiques dans une région donnée. Synthèse et applications . Dans le cadre de la Directive Cadre Stratégie pour le Milieu Marin de l'Union Européenne, nous proposons un indicateur des réseaux trophiques, ouvertement réclamé pour éclairer les pratiques, via l'évaluation des statuts des réseaux trophiques, ainsi que la boite à outils de l'indicateur en appui à la Convention pour la protection du milieu marin de l'Atlantique du Nord‐Est (Convention OSPAR).
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0021-8901 , 1365-2664
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/jpe.v57.9
    DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13662
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2020
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Data_Sheet_1.PDF
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2019
    In:  Frontiers in Marine Science Vol. 6 ( 2019-3-6)
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Marine Science, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 6 ( 2019-3-6)
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2296-7745
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2019.00070
    DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2019.00070.s001
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2757748-X
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Image_9.JPEG
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2018
    In:  Frontiers in Marine Science Vol. 5 ( 2018-9-25)
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Marine Science, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 5 ( 2018-9-25)
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2296-7745
    URL: Article
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    DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2018.00339
    DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2018.00339.s001
    DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2018.00339.s002
    DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2018.00339.s003
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    DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2018.00339.s013
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2018
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Data_Sheet_1.pdf
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2019
    In:  Frontiers in Marine Science Vol. 6 ( 2019-4-26)
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Marine Science, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 6 ( 2019-4-26)
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2296-7745
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2019.00201
    DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2019.00201.s001
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2757748-X
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Mapping spatial variation in demersal fish species diversity and composition in the North Sea: accounting for species- and size-related catchability in survey trawls
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2008
    In:  ICES Journal of Marine Science Vol. 65, No. 4 ( 2008-05-01), p. 531-538
    Details
    In: ICES Journal of Marine Science, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 65, No. 4 ( 2008-05-01), p. 531-538
    Abstract: Fraser, H. M., Greenstreet, S. P. R., Fryer, R. J., and Piet, G. J. 2008. Mapping spatial variation in demersal fish species diversity and composition in the North Sea: accounting for species- and size-related catchability in survey trawls. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 65: 531–538. The paper maps spatial patterns of groundfish species diversity. It considers how the catchability of different fish species in two different types of bottom trawls, the IBTS GOV and the 8-m beam trawl, influences the estimates of species diversity. Maps of groundfish species diversity derived from these two survey trawls are compared to determine the extent to which the maps of spatial variation in groundfish species diversity are influenced by gear type. Catchability-at-length coefficients were applied to the IBTS data to raise the observed catches to estimates of “actual” numbers of fish present in the path of the trawl, which are then used to produce maps of “actual” species diversity across the North Sea. Finally, these raised maps of “actual” groundfish species diversity are shown to be more explainable based on physical environmental parameters such as depth. We suggest that species diversity maps that take account of catchability provide more reliable information on which to base management decisions than “gear-biased” views. The implications for management are discussed, with particular emphasis on using closed areas to conserve marine biodiversity.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1095-9289 , 1054-3139
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/icesjms/fsn036
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2008
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Demersal fish biodiversity: species-level indicators and trends-based targets for the Marine Strategy Framework Directive
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2012
    In:  ICES Journal of Marine Science Vol. 69, No. 10 ( 2012-12-01), p. 1789-1801
    Details
    In: ICES Journal of Marine Science, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 69, No. 10 ( 2012-12-01), p. 1789-1801
    Abstract: Greenstreet, S. P. R., Rossberg, A. G., Fox, C. J., Le Quesne, W. J. F., Blasdale, T., Boulcott, P., Mitchell, I., Millar, C., and Moffat, C. F. 2012. Demersal fish biodiversity: species-level indicators and trends-based targets for the Marine Strategy Framework Directive. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 69: 1789–1801. The maintenance of biodiversity is a fundamental theme of the Marine Strategy Framework Directive. Appropriate indicators to monitor change in biodiversity, along with associated targets representing “good environmental status” (GES), are required to be in place by July 2012. A method for selecting species-specific metrics to fulfil various specified indicator roles is proposed for demersal fish communities. Available data frequently do not extend far enough back in time to allow GES to be defined empirically. In such situations, trends-based targets offer a pragmatic solution. A method is proposed for setting indicator-level targets for the number of species-specific metrics required to meet their trends-based metric-level targets. This is based on demonstrating significant departures from the binomial distribution. The procedure is trialled using North Sea demersal fish survey data. Although fisheries management in the North Sea has improved in recent decades, management goals to stop further decline in biodiversity, and to initiate recovery, are yet to be met.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1095-9289 , 1054-3139
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/icesjms/fss148
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2012
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    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1468003-8
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    SSG: 12
    SSG: 21,3
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Taking account of catchability in groundfish survey trawls: implications for estimating demersal fish biomass
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2007
    In:  ICES Journal of Marine Science Vol. 64, No. 9 ( 2007-12-01), p. 1800-1819
    Details
    In: ICES Journal of Marine Science, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 64, No. 9 ( 2007-12-01), p. 1800-1819
    Abstract: Fraser, H. M., Greenstreet, S. P. R., and Piet, G. J. 2007. Taking account of catchability in groundfish survey trawls: implications for estimating demersal fish biomass. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 64. Groundfish surveys are a key component of current scientific data monitoring and data-collection activities undertaken in support of fisheries management. Recent requirements to develop and implement an ecosystem approach to management are placing increasing and varied demands on such datasets. Successfully incorporating ecosystem and environmental objectives within fisheries management will, for example, require greater understanding of foodweb trophodynamics, which in turn requires detailed information on the abundance and distribution of fish predators and prey species on spatial scales hitherto rarely considered. However, no trawl gear catches all the fish in its path, so density estimates provided by such trawl samples do not reflect true densities of fish. Catchability in a trawl gear is affected by many factors and varies both between species and between different sized conspecifics, and therefore has the capacity to confound our understanding of predator–prey interactions and of the relative abundance of different species and size classes of fish at any point in time or space. To overcome such problems, estimates of the catchability of each size class of each species sampled in a given survey are required for trawl sample densities to be raised to the actual densities of fish present at each location sampled. Here, we present a method for estimating catchability coefficients for 1-cm size classes of fish species sampled by the Grande Overture Vertical trawl during the third quarter ICES International Bottom Trawl Survey. The catchability coefficients obtained are applied to survey data collected between 1998 and 2004 to examine annual variation in actual abundance of the demersal fish assemblage in the North Sea.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1095-9289 , 1054-3139
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/icesjms/fsm145
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2007
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    detail.hit.zdb_id: 29056-7
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 21,3
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Using MPAs to address regional-scale ecological objectives in the North Sea: modelling the effects of fishing effort displacement
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2009
    In:  ICES Journal of Marine Science Vol. 66, No. 1 ( 2009-01-01), p. 90-100
    Details
    In: ICES Journal of Marine Science, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 66, No. 1 ( 2009-01-01), p. 90-100
    Abstract: Greenstreet, S. P. R., Fraser, H. M., and Piet, G. J. 2009. Using MPAs to address regional-scale ecological objectives in the North Sea: modelling the effects of fishing effort displacement. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 66: 90–100. The use of Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) to address regional-scale objectives as part of an ecosystem approach to management in the North Sea is examined. Ensuring that displacement of fishing activity does not negate the ecological benefits gained from MPAs is a major concern. Two scenarios are considered: using MPAs to safeguard important areas for groundfish species diversity and using them to reduce fishing impacts on benthic invertebrates. Appropriate MPAs were identified using benthic invertebrate and fish abundance data. Fishing effort redistribution was modelled using international landings and fishing effort data. Closing 7.7% of the North Sea to protect groundfish species diversity increased the fishing impact on benthic invertebrates. Closing 7.3% of the North Sea specifically to protect benthic invertebrates reduced fishing mortality by just 1.7–3.8%, but when combined with appropriate reductions in total allowable catch (TAC), 16.2–17.4% reductions in fishing mortality were achieved. MPAs on their own are unlikely to achieve significant regional-scale ecosystem benefits, because local gains are largely negated by fishing effort displacement into the remainder of the North Sea. However, in combination with appropriate TAC reductions, the effectiveness of MPAs may be enhanced.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1095-9289 , 1054-3139
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/icesjms/fsn214
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2009
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    detail.hit.zdb_id: 29056-7
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 21,3
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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