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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Occurrence of Gastrointestinal Parasites in Small Ruminants in the Central Part of Myanmar
    Hindawi Limited ; 2020
    In:  Journal of Parasitology Research Vol. 2020 ( 2020-11-25), p. 1-8
    Details
    In: Journal of Parasitology Research, Hindawi Limited, Vol. 2020 ( 2020-11-25), p. 1-8
    Abstract: Gastrointestinal parasite infection in small ruminants remains one of the major economic losses caused by reduced productivity. A total of 380 faecal samples were taken from 280 sheeps in Magway and Pwintbyu Townships and 100 goats in Natmauk Township, Myanmar. Faecal flotation and sedimentation methods were carried out to detect the presence of parasitic infections. Faecal egg and oocyst counts were carried out using the McMaster technique. The overall occurrence of gastrointestinal parasites in small ruminants was 98.4% (374/380). The occurrence of gastrointestinal parasites in sheep (99.3%) was higher than that in goats (96%). The highest occurrence was found in Eimeria spp. (96%), followed by Trichostrongyle (77.1%), Trichuris spp. (35%), and Moniezia expansa (14%). The mixed infection rate was 84.8% (317/374), while a single infection was 15.2% (57/374). The mean eggs per gram (EPG) and oocysts per gram (OPG) of faeces were ranged from 50 to 600 and 50 to 29,800, respectively. Among the 4 nucleotide sequences isolated, one sequence was 94.10-94.47% similarity with Trichostrongylus colubriformis, reported from Laos, and three sequences showed 96.64-99.46% identity with Haemonchus contortus from Laos, China, India, and Mongolia. As gastrointestinal parasite infection in small ruminants was relatively high in the study area, the development of appropriate treatment and control measures should be provided to reduce production losses.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2090-0031 , 2090-0023
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1155/2020/8826327
    Language: English
    Publisher: Hindawi Limited
    Publication Date: 2020
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Treatment Outcome of Severe Malaria and Associated Factors among Adults Admitted in Arba Minch General Hospital, Southern Nation Nationality and People’s Region, Ethiopia
    Hindawi Limited ; 2021
    In:  Journal of Parasitology Research Vol. 2021 ( 2021-04-12), p. 1-6
    Details
    In: Journal of Parasitology Research, Hindawi Limited, Vol. 2021 ( 2021-04-12), p. 1-6
    Abstract: Introduction. Malaria is a protozoan disease transmitted by the bite of infected female Anopheles mosquitoes. Progression to severe and fatal disease is largely but not entirely confined to Plasmodium falciparum infections. Malaria is a major public health problem in Ethiopia despite relatively low malaria prevalence compared to most other malaria-endemic countries in Africa. In Ethiopia, a nationwide report during 2015 showed that the total number of deaths associated with malaria was 1561. Methods. A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted in Arba Minch General Hospital on February 2019. Data were collected from a patient record who was admitted with severe malaria in the past four years from Sept. 2015 to Aug. 2018. Results. This study included a total of 387 patients with severe malaria. The mortality rate associated with severe malaria in the year between 2015 and 2018 at Arba Minch General Hospital was 5.7%. Comorbidity, impaired consciousness, and acidosis were significantly associated with mortality, at significant level of P 〈 0.05 . Conclusions. Comorbidity, impaired consciousness, and acidosis were found to be poor prognostic indicators for patients with severe malaria.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2090-0031 , 2090-0023
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1155/2021/6664070
    Language: English
    Publisher: Hindawi Limited
    Publication Date: 2021
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Compliance to a Five-Year Biannual Ivermectin Treatment for Onchocerciasis Elimination and Its Determinants among Adults in the Bench Maji Zone, Southwest Ethiopia: A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study
    Hindawi Limited ; 2021
    In:  Journal of Parasitology Research Vol. 2021 ( 2021-3-29), p. 1-8
    Details
    In: Journal of Parasitology Research, Hindawi Limited, Vol. 2021 ( 2021-3-29), p. 1-8
    Abstract: Background. Community-directed treatment with ivermectin twice a year is a major action to control onchocerciasis in endemic countries. Even though the community-directed treatment with ivermectin was proven effective in treating the disease, the level of compliance to the treatment and its contributing factors was not well addressed in our study area. Therefore, the current study was aimed at determining the magnitude of compliance with the five-year (2013-2017 years) biannual ivermectin treatment and its associated factors among adults living in the Bench Maji Zone, Ethiopia. Methods. A community-based cross-sectional study was done on 572 randomly selected people aged greater than or equal to 15 years. Data were collected by a face-to-face interview. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize descriptive data. Binary logistic regression was done to assess statistical associations. Adjusted odds ratio and its 95% CI were, respectively, used to measure the strength of statistical association and its significance. Result. Five hundred fifty-three (553) people had participated in the study making the response rate 96.7%. The overall magnitude of compliance to the five-year biannual ivermectin treatment was 361 (65.3%). The results of the multivariable logistic regression showed that age, positive attitude towards community drug distributers’ performance, positive attitude towards height measurement for the treatment dose determination, and involvement in community-directed treatment with ivermectin were independently associated with compliance to ivermectin treatment at P value 〈 0.05. Conclusions. Even though the Ethiopian government has set a goal to eliminate onchocerciasis through community-directed treatment with the ivermectin, which is proven effective in treating the disease, the magnitude of compliance with the treatment among adults aged ≥15 years in the Semen Bench District is still unacceptably low. The Bench Maji Zonal Health Department and other stakeholders working on onchocerciasis prevention, control, and elimination should give due emphasis to behavioral change communication through community-based education and other social media to promote community’s awareness on community-directed treatment with ivermectin giving due focus to adults aged 45 years and above.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2090-0031 , 2090-0023
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1155/2021/8866639
    Language: English
    Publisher: Hindawi Limited
    Publication Date: 2021
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Prevalence, Intensity, and Associated Factors of Schistosoma mansoni among School Children in Northwest Ethiopia
    Hindawi Limited ; 2020
    In:  Journal of Parasitology Research Vol. 2020 ( 2020-11-12), p. 1-7
    Details
    In: Journal of Parasitology Research, Hindawi Limited, Vol. 2020 ( 2020-11-12), p. 1-7
    Abstract: Background. Schistosomiasis is one of the Neglected Tropical Diseases in Ethiopia, and its burden may show variations from time to time across different regions. Thus, this study was aimed at determining the prevalence, intensity, and associated risk factors of Schistosoma mansoni (S. mansoni) among schoolchildren in Northwest Ethiopia. Methods. A school-based cross-sectional study was conducted. A multistage sampling technique was used to select the study participants. Stool specimens were collected and examined using two-slide Kato-Katz method. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20 software. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify risk factors. p values less than 0.05 were taken as statistically significant. Result. A total of 786 schoolchildren were participated in this study. The prevalence of S. mansoni was 33.5%. The mean egg count of the parasite among the infected study participants was 523.665 eggs per gram (epg) of stool. Thirty-seven, 42, and 21 percent of the study participant’s infection were due to light, moderate, and heavy infection intensities, respectively. Age of 8-11 years old ( AOR = 1,687 , 95 % CI = 1.163 , 2.892 ), 5th-8th grade level ( AOR = 2.280 , 95 % CI = 1.348 , 3.856 ), residing in Chuahit District ( AOR = 95.559 , 95 % CI = 12.945 , 705.419 ), and using untreated water for domestic supply ( AOR = 1.724 , 95 % CI = 1.457 , 2.148 ) were found to be risk factors for S. mansoni infection. Conclusion. High prevalence of S. mansoni and relatively higher proportion of moderate intensity of infection in this study imply that schistosomiasis is still one of the major public health problems in Northwest Ethiopia. It is also highlighted that study sites, provision of water supply, age, and grade level of the schoolchildren were identified as a risk factors for the disease.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2090-0031 , 2090-0023
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1155/2020/8820222
    Language: English
    Publisher: Hindawi Limited
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2563542-6
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