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  • 1
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    Online Resource
    Efeito da monensina e da própolis sobre a atividade de fermentação de aminoácidos in vitro pelos microrganismos ruminais
    FapUNIFESP (SciELO) ; 2006
    In:  Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia Vol. 35, No. 1 ( 2006-02), p. 275-281
    Details
    In: Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, FapUNIFESP (SciELO), Vol. 35, No. 1 ( 2006-02), p. 275-281
    Abstract: The objective of this trial was to study the in vitro effects of monensin and propolis on ruminal fermentation of amino acids. Ruminal fluid was collected from a steer grazing tropical pasture and after addition of casein hydrolysate was used in the incubations. Treatments consisted of: control-C; monensin-M; and propolis-P. In the first phase of the study, inocula were transferred daily into new tubes until day 10; on the 11th day of incubation, tubes from each of the treatments were used to inoculate three new tubes (C, M, P) yielding nine combinations that were also transferred daily and incubated for nine days (second phase). From day one to day 10 of incubation (first phase), addition of ionophore and propolis prevented increase in ammonia production compared to the control. Propolis was more efficient in decreasing ammonia production than monensin in the first phase and it was also able to decrease ammonia production and specific activity of ammonia production (SAAP) in the second phase regardless of the first phase treatments; monensin was as efficient as propolis, in the second phase, when the inhibitors were absent in the first phase. It was observed a significant increase in ammonia production with monensin by removing the inhibitors in the second phase
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1516-3598
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1590/S1516-35982006000100035
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: FapUNIFESP (SciELO)
    Publication Date: 2006
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  • 2
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    Lisina em rações para suínos machos castrados selecionados para deposição de carne magra na carcaça dos 110 aos 125 kg
    FapUNIFESP (SciELO) ; 2003
    In:  Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia Vol. 32, No. 1 ( 2003-02), p. 150-155
    Details
    In: Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, FapUNIFESP (SciELO), Vol. 32, No. 1 ( 2003-02), p. 150-155
    Abstract: Fourty-eight barrows proceeding from crossing between commercial hybrids were used in a study to evaluate the different lysine levels on the performance and the carcass characteristics. The swines average initial and final weight was 110.1 ± 0.72 kg and 125.3 ± 1.23 kg, respectively. The animals were distributed in an experimental design of randomized blocks with four treatments, six replicates and two animals per replicate. The treatments corresponded to a basal diet with 13.7% of crude protein and 3367 kcal DE/kg supplemented with four levels of L-Lysine-HCl resulting in diets with 0.50, 0.60, 0.70 e 0.80% of total lysine. The lysine levels influenced the feed:gain ratio and the muscle efficiency conversion that were reduced by linear form. The daily lysine intake increased with the elevation of diet lysine levels. There was no effect of the treatments on weight gain, carcass characteristics, carcass yield, lean yield, fat yield, and ham yield. For the studied genotype it was concluded that barrows from 110 to 125 kg require 0.80% of total lysine corresponding to a daily lysine intake of 23.9 g.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1516-3598
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1590/S1516-35982003000100019
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: FapUNIFESP (SciELO)
    Publication Date: 2003
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  • 3
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    Níveis de proteína bruta e suplementação de aminoácidos em rações para leitoas dos 30 aos 60 kg mantidas em ambiente de alta temperatura
    FapUNIFESP (SciELO) ; 2007
    In:  Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia Vol. 36, No. 5 suppl ( 2007-10), p. 1573-1578
    Details
    In: Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, FapUNIFESP (SciELO), Vol. 36, No. 5 suppl ( 2007-10), p. 1573-1578
    Abstract: An experiment was conduced to evaluate crude protein (CP) levels and amino acid supplementation for gilts from 30 to 60 kg maintained in a high environmental temperature (air temperature of 30ºC; relative humidity of 66.1% and BGHI of 79.7). Fifty crossbreed gilts (Landrace X Large White) with an average initial weight of 30.2 kg were allotted to a randomized experimental design with five treatments and five replications and two animals per experimental unity. The treatment consisted of five levels o CP (19, 18, 17, 16, and 15%) in the ration and of the supplementation with lysine, methionine, tryptophan, threonine and valine to maintain the same protein quality of the ration. The experimental diets were given ad libitum until the end of the experiment when the animals reached the average weight of 60.1 kg. No effect of dietary level of crude protein was observed on pig performance (feed intake, weight gain and feed:gain ratio). Neither carcass protein deposition was influenced by reduction of dietary of dietary level of CP. Animals fed 18% CP showed the best carcass protein deposition. The protein levels did not influence the absolute and relative weights of the pig organs. Dietary CP level can be reduced by 4% (from 19 to 15% of CP) without any effect on performance of gilts from 30 to 60 kg maintained in a high environmental temperature since that the rations be adequately supplemented with all essential limiting amino acids.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1516-3598
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1590/S1516-35982007000700016
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: FapUNIFESP (SciELO)
    Publication Date: 2007
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  • 4
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    Níveis de proteína bruta e suplementação de aminoácidos em rações para leitoas mantidas em ambiente de conforto térmico dos 30 aos 60 kg
    FapUNIFESP (SciELO) ; 2005
    In:  Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia Vol. 34, No. 1 ( 2005-02), p. 134-141
    Details
    In: Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, FapUNIFESP (SciELO), Vol. 34, No. 1 ( 2005-02), p. 134-141
    Abstract: An experiment was conduced to determine the crude protein (CP) level in diets with amino acids supplementation for gilts maintained in a thermal comfort environment. Fifty crossbreed crossbred gilts (Landrace x Large White) with initial average weight of 30.1 kg were allotted to a completely randomized experimental design, with five treatments (19, 18, 17, 16 and 15% of CP with supplementation of lysine, methionine, tryptophan, threonine and valine to maintain the same protein quality) five replicates and two animals per experimental unit. The experimental rations were fed ad libitum until the end of the experiment, when the animals reached the average weight of 60.3 kg. The CP level of the ration influenced the daily weight gain and the feed:gain ratio however the treatments did not influence the daily feed intake. The protein deposition (PD) did not change from 19 to 16% of CP of the diet. However the animals that fed diet with smaller level showed the lowest value of PD. The treatments did not influence the absolute and relative weights of all evaluated organs. It was concluded that the crude protein level, for gilts from 30 to 60 kg, maintained in thermal comfort environment can be reduced from 19 to 15% with no negative effect on performance since rations are supplemented with limiting essential amino acids
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1516-3598
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1590/S1516-35982005000100017
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: FapUNIFESP (SciELO)
    Publication Date: 2005
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  • 5
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    Valores de aminoácidos digestíveis de alimentos para aves
    FapUNIFESP (SciELO) ; 2010
    In:  Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia Vol. 39, No. 6 ( 2010-06), p. 1259-1265
    Details
    In: Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, FapUNIFESP (SciELO), Vol. 39, No. 6 ( 2010-06), p. 1259-1265
    Abstract: This experiment was carried out to determine the values of the real digestibility coefficients of amino acids by using the method of "forced feed" with cecectomized roosters. The studied food were the following: rice bran, whole rice meal, corn, sorghum, wheat bran, soybean meal, cotton meal 28%, cotton meal 38%, yeast sugar cane 43% and yeast sugar cane 40%. The mean values of real digestibility coefficients of essential and non-essential amino acids were, in percentage, the following: for rice bran, 77.53 and 67.21; for rice meal, 73.33 and 52.54; for corn, 84.65 and 74.42; for sorghum, 84.48 and 67.29; for wheat bran, 70.75 and 48.55; for soybean meal, 89.37 and 85.22; for cotton meal 28%, 74.85 and 74.13; for cotton meal 38%, 77.50 and 72.46; for yeast sugar cane 43%, 49.16 and 48.63; and yeast sugar cane 40%, 46.03 and 38.88. The values of the coefficients of real digestibility of essential and nonessential amino acids of feedstuffs studied allow to formulate more efficient rations for birds.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1516-3598
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1590/S1516-35982010000600014
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: FapUNIFESP (SciELO)
    Publication Date: 2010
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  • 6
    Online Resource
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    Composição química e valores de energia metabolizável de alimentos protéicos determinados com frangos de corte em diferentes idades
    FapUNIFESP (SciELO) ; 2006
    In:  Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia Vol. 35, No. 6 ( 2006-12), p. 2297-2302
    Details
    In: Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, FapUNIFESP (SciELO), Vol. 35, No. 6 ( 2006-12), p. 2297-2302
    Abstract: The chemical composition and the metabolizable energy values of ten protein feedstuffs fed to broilers at different ages were evaluated. The traditional method of total feces collection was used to determine the values of apparent metabolizable energy (AME) and apparent metabolizable energy corrected by nitrogen (AMEn), in male broilers in the periods from 21 to 30 (first period) and from 41 to 50 (second period) days of age. The experiment was analyzed as a complete randomized design with 10 treatments, six replicates and six (first trial) and four poultry (second trial) per pen. The following feedstuffs were evaluated: cottonseed meal, corn gluten meal, soybean protein concentrate, two meat and bone meals, fish meal, full fat poultry by-product meal, two spray-dried plasma and erythrocytes. The AMEn (kcal/kg) values on as-fed basis in the first and second experimental periods were as follows: cottonseed meal, 1,963 and 2,461; corn gluten meal, 3,608 and 4,013; soybean protein concentrate, 2,043 and 2,155; meat and bone meal 36%, 1,249 and 1,573; meat and bone meal 45%, 1,391 and 1,766; fish meal, 3,055 and 3,077; full fat poultry by-product meal, 2,990 and 3,172; spray-dried plasma 70%, 2,673 and 2,730; spray-dried plasma 78%, 3,027 and 3,704; and erythrocytes, 2,834 and 3,256. All AME and AMEn meal values obtained in the second period were higher than those obtained in the first one.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1516-3598
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1590/S1516-35982006000800014
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: FapUNIFESP (SciELO)
    Publication Date: 2006
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  • 7
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    Níveis de proteína bruta para leitoas dos 30 aos 60 kg mantidas em ambiente de alta temperatura (31ºC)
    FapUNIFESP (SciELO) ; 2001
    In:  Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia Vol. 30, No. 5 ( 2001-10), p. 1536-1543
    Details
    In: Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, FapUNIFESP (SciELO), Vol. 30, No. 5 ( 2001-10), p. 1536-1543
    Abstract: This experiment was conducted to evaluate levels of crude protein (CP) for growing gilts, under high temperature environment. The internal temperature at room was maintained at 30.7 ± 0.61°C, with relative humidity of 66.4 ± 7.7%, and the calculated black globe humidity index (BGHI) in period was of 81.1 ± 1.36. Forty crossbred gilts, with average initial weight of 29.7 ± 1.60 kg, were allotted to an experimental design of randomized blocks with five treatments (16, 17, 18, 19 and 20% CP), four replicates and two animals per experimental unit. The experimental diets were isoenergetics (3400 kcal of DE/kg) and were formulated to meet the animals requirements, except for CP. Diet and water were fed ad libitum to animals, until the end of the experimental period, when the gilts reached the average weight of 60.0 ± 1.93 kg. Average daily weight gain was not affected by the treatments. However the feed:gain ratio quadraticly improved up to level of 18.26% CP. The protein and lysine intakes increased linearly with dietary CP levels . However the lysine levels of diet did not influence the diet and digestible energy intakes. Fat deposition rate (FDR) in carcass quadractly changed and decreased up to 19.48% of CP in diet, while the protein deposition rate (PDR) linearly increased. Despite of quadract and linear effects of treatments, respectively, on FDR and PDR, the "Linear Response Plateau" (LRP) model was the one that better fitted to the data and the levels of protein were estimated in 18.38 and 18.12% , the plato point for FDR and PDR. Gilts in the growing phase, under heat stress environment, require 18.26% CP in the diet for better performance and carcass composition.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1516-3598
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1590/S1516-35982001000600022
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: FapUNIFESP (SciELO)
    Publication Date: 2001
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  • 8
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    Online Resource
    Níveis de lisina em ração de lactação para fêmeas suínas primíparas
    FapUNIFESP (SciELO) ; 2003
    In:  Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia Vol. 32, No. 1 ( 2003-02), p. 115-122
    Details
    In: Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, FapUNIFESP (SciELO), Vol. 32, No. 1 ( 2003-02), p. 115-122
    Abstract: Forty crossbred sows (Landrace x Large White) from the first parturition, with average weight of 182.2 ±16.5 kg, were used to evaluate the total lysine levels (0.95, 1.03, 1.10, 1.18, and 1.25%) in the diet, maintaining the same amino acids relation, during lactation (21 days). A completely randomized blocks design, with five treatments, eight replicates, where the sow was considered the experimental unit, was used. Total feed intake did not change according to the treatments, where the sows were daily fed, in average, 4.2 kg. Lysine intake and sows weight at weaning linearly increased, according to the lysine levels in the diet. Although the sows weight variation was not significant, the sows fed diets with lysine levels equal or superior than 1.18% showed smaller absolute values of weight loss during lactation. Weight gain and weaning weight of piglets and litter, backfat thickness and the number of days to return to estrus of sows after weaning were not affected by the dietary lysine levels. It was concluded that the level of 0.95%, correspondent to a daily intake of 40 g total lysine, met the lysine requirements of lactating primiparous sows.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1516-3598
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1590/S1516-35982003000100015
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: FapUNIFESP (SciELO)
    Publication Date: 2003
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Aminoácidos digestíveis verdadeiros de alimentos protéicos determinados em galos cecectomizados
    FapUNIFESP (SciELO) ; 2006
    In:  Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia Vol. 35, No. 6 ( 2006-12), p. 2290-2296
    Details
    In: Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, FapUNIFESP (SciELO), Vol. 35, No. 6 ( 2006-12), p. 2290-2296
    Abstract: The true digestibility coefficients and the values of true amino acid digestibility of 12 protein meals were determined in Leghorn cecectomized roosters by the "forced feed" method. The experiment was analyzed as a complete randomized design with 12 treatments, six replicates and one rooster per experimental unit. The studied feedstuffs were as follows: corn gluten meal 22%, corn gluten meal 60%, soybean protein concentrate, partially defatted extruded whole soybean, meat and bone meal 36%, meat and bone meal 45%, fish meal, full fat poultry by-product meal, feather meal, spray-dried plasma 70%, spray-dried plasma 78% and erythrocytes. The average values of essential and non essential true amino acids digestibility coefficients, in percentage, were as follows: corn gluten meal 22%, 83.32 and 87.20; corn gluten meal 60%, 92.90 and 94.86; soybean protein concentrate, 91.10 and 90.19; partially defatted extruded whole soybean: 88.90 and 88.91, meat and bone meal, 36%, 88.63 and 85.94; meat and bone meal 45%, 87.80 and 85.00; fish meal, 89.39 and 87.32; full fat poultry by-product meal, 79.22 and 74.36; feather meal, 85.89 and 82.32; spray-dried plasma 70%, 87.22 and 87.78; spray-dried plasma 78%, 90.42 and 91.40; and erythrocytes, 95.25 and 94.31.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1516-3598
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1590/S1516-35982006000800013
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: FapUNIFESP (SciELO)
    Publication Date: 2006
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  • 10
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    Composição química e energética de alguns alimentos para frangos de corte em duas idades
    FapUNIFESP (SciELO) ; 2008
    In:  Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia Vol. 37, No. 7 ( 2008-07), p. 1251-1256
    Details
    In: Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, FapUNIFESP (SciELO), Vol. 37, No. 7 ( 2008-07), p. 1251-1256
    Abstract: This experiment was carried out to determine of the values of apparent metabolizable energy (AME) and nitrogen corrected apparent metabolizable energy (AMEn) and to determine of the chemical composition of some feeds. The traditional method of total excreta collection was used with male broilers chickens in the period from 21 to 30 days old and 41 to 50 days old. The birds were distributed to a completely randomized experimental design, with eleven diets, ten with tested feeds and one reference diet, and each diet with six replications and six and four birds per experimental unit. The following feeds were studied: broken rice, whole rice meal, corn, sorghum, wheat bran, soybean meal, peanut meal, and cottonseed meal, 28%CP, and two sugarcane yeast (40 and 43% CP). The values of AMEn (kcal/kg as fed), in the first and second experimental periods were, respectively, for sugarcane yeast 40% CP: 2.395 and 2.483, for sugarcane yeast 43% CP: 2.626 and 2.726, for soybean meal: 2.202 and 2.306, for cottonseed meal 28% CP: 1.605 and 1.786: for peanut meal: 2.155 and 2.471, for wheat bran: 1.683 e 1.877, for sorghum: 3.165 and 3.364, for corn: 3.351 and 3.524, for whole rice meal: 2.446 and 2.650 and for the broken rice: 3.138 and 3.278. All values of AME and AMEn, for al feeds, were higher in second experimental period, showing that, with advancing of the age, birds improve the utilization of feeds.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1516-3598
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1590/S1516-35982008000700016
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: FapUNIFESP (SciELO)
    Publication Date: 2008
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