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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2022
    In:  Evolutionary Ecology Vol. 36, No. 3 ( 2022-06), p. 321-339
    In: Evolutionary Ecology, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 36, No. 3 ( 2022-06), p. 321-339
    Abstract: Animals and plants trick others in an extraordinary diversity of ways to gain fitness benefits. Mimicry and deception can, for example, lure prey, reduce the costs of parental care or aid in pollination–in ways that impose fitness costs on the exploited party. The evolutionary maintenance of such asymmetric relationships often relies on these costs being mitigated through counter-adaptations, low encounter rates, or indirect fitness benefits. However, these mechanisms do not always explain the evolutionary persistence of some classic deceptive interactions. Sexually deceptive pollination (in which plants trick male pollinators into mating with their flowers) has evolved multiple times independently, mainly in the southern hemisphere and especially in Australasia and Central and South America. This trickery imposes considerable costs on the males: they miss out on mating opportunities, and in some cases, waste their limited sperm on the flower. These relationships appear stable, yet in some cases there is little evidence suggesting that their persistence relies on counter-adaptations, low encounter rates, or indirect fitness benefits. So, how might these relationships persist? Here, we introduce and explore an additional hypothesis from systems biology: that some species are robust to exploitation. Robustness arises from a species’ innate traits and means they are robust against costs of exploitation. This allows species to persist where a population without those traits would not, making them ideal candidates for exploitation. We propose that this mechanism may help inform new research approaches and provide insight into how exploited species might persist.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0269-7653 , 1573-8477
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2022
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Wiley ; 2020
    In:  Functional Ecology Vol. 34, No. 7 ( 2020-07), p. 1336-1344
    In: Functional Ecology, Wiley, Vol. 34, No. 7 ( 2020-07), p. 1336-1344
    Abstract: For many animals, sperm can be a limiting resource and impact lifetime reproductive success. Sperm limitation can arise from reduced male availability in a population, but may also be a consequence of external influences, such as sperm wastage. If sperm is finite and not always cost‐free to produce, do males vary sperm use strategies in response to sperm limitation? One way to answer this is to examine male sperm allocation in response to sexual deception that elicits sperm wastage. Cryptostylis orchids trick their parasitoid wasp pollinator, male Lissopimpla excelsa , into mating with the flower and ejaculating. For many parasitoids sperm is limited; so this exploitative interaction could impose a high cost to males. Here, we ask whether this duped wasp can become sperm limited, and whether this impacts his ejaculate size following deception. Sperm limitation has implications for his future and lifetime reproductive success, and consequently, the ultimate fitness of the orchid, and the evolutionary maintenance of orchid deception systems in general. We compared sperm use and availability for male L. excelsa wasps from wild populations that either did or did not co‐occur with sexually deceptive Cryptostylis orchids. On average, males had ~50,000 sperm cells in their seminal vesicles and ejaculated ~10% of their existing sperm stock in a single encounter. Pollinators that were permitted to mate with an orchid had significantly less sperm than males that were not, suggesting they may become temporarily sperm limited. Pollinators from sites with orchids ejaculate significantly less sperm on orchids than naïve males. The difference in ejaculate size for pollinators that do and do not co‐occur with orchids may be a consequence of males learning to avoid orchids, or an adaptation to avoid sperm depletion. Alternatively, males may reduce sperm allocation when they perceive more available ‘females’ (either orchids or real females) in the environment. These costs and responses to exploitation show how plants can influence the population dynamics of their pollinators, and, more broadly, provides an explanation for the maintenance antagonistic co‐evolutionary relationships. We suggest that by interfering with the population dynamics of a duped species, exploiters might improve their own persistence. A free plain language summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0269-8463 , 1365-2435
    URL: Issue
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2020
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Wiley ; 2014
    In:  Ecology Letters Vol. 17, No. 10 ( 2014-10), p. 1257-1264
    In: Ecology Letters, Wiley, Vol. 17, No. 10 ( 2014-10), p. 1257-1264
    Abstract: Niche construction theory explains how organisms' niche modifications may feed back to affect their evolutionary trajectories. In theory, the evolution of other species accessing the same modified niche may also be affected. We propose that this niche construction may be a general mechanism driving the evolution of mutualisms. Drosophilid flies benefit from accessing yeast‐infested fruits, but the consequences of this interaction for yeasts are unknown. We reveal high levels of variation among strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in their ability to modify fruits and attract Drosophila simulans . More attractive yeasts are dispersed more frequently, both in the lab and in the field, and flies associated with more attractive yeasts have higher fecundity. Although there may be multiple natural yeast and fly species interactions, our controlled assays in the lab and field provide evidence of a mutualistic interaction, facilitated by the yeast's niche modification.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1461-023X , 1461-0248
    URL: Issue
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2014
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2012
    In:  Biological Journal of the Linnean Society Vol. 106, No. 3 ( 2012-07), p. 469-481
    In: Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 106, No. 3 ( 2012-07), p. 469-481
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0024-4066
    URL: Issue
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2012
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  • 5
    In: Journal of Ethology, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 29, No. 1 ( 2011-1), p. 9-15
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0289-0771 , 1439-5444
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2011
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    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2020048-1
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Wiley ; 2017
    In:  Biological Reviews Vol. 92, No. 3 ( 2017-08), p. 1769-1784
    In: Biological Reviews, Wiley, Vol. 92, No. 3 ( 2017-08), p. 1769-1784
    Abstract: Sensory‐based conservation harnesses species' natural communication and signalling behaviours to mitigate threats to wild populations. To evaluate this emerging field, we assess how sensory‐based manipulations, sensory mode, and target taxa affect success. To facilitate broader, cross‐species application of successful techniques, we test which behavioural and life‐history traits correlate with positive conservation outcomes. We focus on seabirds, one of the world's most rapidly declining groups, whose philopatry, activity patterns, foraging, mate choice, and parental care behaviours all involve reliance on, and therefore strong selection for, sophisticated sensory physiology and accurate assessment of intra‐ and inter‐species signals and cues in several sensory modes. We review the use of auditory, olfactory, and visual methods, especially for attracting seabirds to newly restored habitat or deterring birds from fishing boats and equipment. We found that more sensory‐based conservation has been attempted with Procellariiformes (tube‐nosed seabirds) and Charadriiformes (e.g. terns and gulls) than other orders, and that successful outcomes are more likely for Procellariiformes. Evolutionary and behavioural traits are likely to facilitate sensory‐based techniques, such as social attraction to suitable habitat, across seabird species. More broadly, successful application of sensory‐based conservation to other at‐risk animal groups is likely to be associated with these behavioural and life‐history traits: coloniality, philopatry, nocturnal, migratory, long‐distance foraging, parental care, and pair bonds/monogamy.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1464-7931 , 1469-185X
    URL: Issue
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2017
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    American Arachnological Society ; 2000
    In:  Journal of Arachnology Vol. 28, No. 3 ( 2000-12), p. 346-350
    In: Journal of Arachnology, American Arachnological Society, Vol. 28, No. 3 ( 2000-12), p. 346-350
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0161-8202 , 1937-2396
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Arachnological Society
    Publication Date: 2000
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 428924-9
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2092946-8
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Wiley ; 2018
    In:  Ecology and Evolution Vol. 8, No. 22 ( 2018-11), p. 11235-11245
    In: Ecology and Evolution, Wiley, Vol. 8, No. 22 ( 2018-11), p. 11235-11245
    Abstract: We test for spatial and climatic patterns of diversification in the Orchidaceae, an angiosperm family characterized by high levels of species diversity and rarity. Globally, does orchid diversity correlate with land area? In Australia, does diversity correlate with herbarium collecting effort, range size, or climate niche breadth? Where are Australia's orchids distributed spatially, in protected areas, and in climate space? Location Global, then Australia. Methods We compared orchid diversity with land area for continents and recognized orchid diversity hotspots. Then, we used cleaned herbarium records to compare collecting effort (for Australian Orchidaceae vs. all other plant families, and also among orchid genera). Spatial and climate distributions were mapped to determine orchids’ coverage in the protected area network, range sizes, and niche breadths. Results Globally, orchid diversity does not correlate with land area (depauperate regions are the subantarctic: 10 species, and northern North America: 394 species). Australian herbarium records and collecting effort generally reflect orchid species diversity (1,583 spp.), range sizes, and niche breadths. Orchids are restricted to 13% of Australia's landmass with 211 species absent from any protected areas. Species richness is the greatest in three biomes with high general biodiversity: Temperate (especially southwest and southeast Australia), Tropical, and Subtropical (coastal northern Queensland). Absence from the Desert is consistent with our realized climate niche—orchids avoid high temperature/low rainfall environments. Orchids have narrower range sizes than nonorchid species. Highly diverse orchid genera have narrower rainfall breadths than less diverse genera. Main conclusions Herbarium data are adequate for testing hypotheses about Australian orchids. Distribution is likely driven by environmental factors. In contrast, diversification did not correlate with increases in range size, rainfall, or temperature breadths, suggesting speciation does not occur via invasion and local adaptation to new habitats. Instead, diversification may rely on access to extensive obligate symbioses with mycorrhizae and/or pollinators.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2045-7758 , 2045-7758
    URL: Issue
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2018
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Informa UK Limited ; 2024
    In:  New Zealand Journal of Botany
    In: New Zealand Journal of Botany, Informa UK Limited
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0028-825X , 1175-8643
    Language: English
    Publisher: Informa UK Limited
    Publication Date: 2024
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 415578-6
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2098798-5
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Wiley ; 2018
    In:  Ibis Vol. 160, No. 1 ( 2018-01), p. 185-189
    In: Ibis, Wiley, Vol. 160, No. 1 ( 2018-01), p. 185-189
    Abstract: Bird plumage and skin colour can be assessed from museum specimens. To determine whether these accurately represent the colours of live birds when viewed by birds themselves, we analysed the spectral reflectances of live and up to 100‐year‐old museum specimens of five seabird species (White‐faced Petrel Pelagodroma marina, Common Diving Petrel Pelecanoides urinatrix, Grey‐faced Petrel Pterodroma gouldi, Little Shearwater Puffinus assimilis and Fluttering Shearwater Puffinus gavia ). Live birds had brighter colours than museum specimens, but there were no significant differences in the wavelengths reflected. Modelling indicated that seabirds would be able to detect colour changes in the skin, but not the feathers, of museum specimens, but only for species with blue or pink feet ( Pelecanoides urinatrix and Puffinus assimilis ). For seabirds, museum specimens are adequate proxies for feather colour but not for skin colour.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0019-1019 , 1474-919X
    URL: Issue
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2018
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    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2807-1
    SSG: 12
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