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  • 1
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    Online Resource
    A randomized controlled trial to evaluate performance of pigs raised in antibiotic-free or conventional production systems following challenge with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus
    Public Library of Science (PLoS) ; 2018
    In:  PLOS ONE Vol. 13, No. 12 ( 2018-12-6), p. e0208430-
    Details
    In: PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science (PLoS), Vol. 13, No. 12 ( 2018-12-6), p. e0208430-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1932-6203
    URL: Article
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    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0208430
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0208430.g001
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0208430.g002
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0208430.g003
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0208430.t001
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0208430.t002
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0208430.t003
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0208430.s001
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0208430.s002
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0208430.s003
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0208430.s004
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0208430.s005
    Language: English
    Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2267670-3
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  • 2
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    Vaccination decreases the risk of influenza A virus reassortment but not genetic variation in pigs
    eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd ; 2022
    In:  eLife Vol. 11 ( 2022-09-02)
    Details
    In: eLife, eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd, Vol. 11 ( 2022-09-02)
    Abstract: Swine influenza A viruses cause severe illness among pigs and financial losses on pig farms worldwide. These viruses can also infect humans and have caused deadly human pandemics in the past. Influenza A viruses are dangerous because viruses can be transferred between humans, birds and pigs. These co-infections can allow the viruses to swap genetic material. Viral genetic exchanges can result in new virus strains that are more dangerous or that can infect other types of animals more easily. Farmers vaccinate their pigs to control the swine influenza A virus. The vaccines are regularly updated to match circulating virus strains. But the virus evolves rapidly to escape vaccine-induced immunity, and infections are common even in vaccinated pigs. Learning about how vaccination affects the evolution of influenza A viruses in pigs could help scientists prevent outbreaks on pig farms and avoid spillover pandemics in humans. Li et al. show that influenza A viruses are less likely to swap genetic material in vaccinated and boosted pigs than in unvaccinated animals. In the experiments, Li et al. collected swine influenza A samples from the lungs of pigs that had received different vaccination protocols. Next, Li et al. used next-generation sequencing to identify new mutations in the virus or genetic swaps among different strains. In pigs infected with both the H1N1 and H3N2 strains of influenza, the two viruses began trading genes within a week. But less genetic mixing occurred in vaccinated and boosted pigs because they spent less time infected with both viruses than in unvaccinated pigs. The vaccination status of the pig did not have much effect on how many new mutations occurred in the viruses. The experiments show that vaccinating and boosting pigs against influenza A viruses may protect against genetic swapping among influenza viruses. If future studies on pig farms confirm the results, the information gleaned from the study could help scientists improve farm vaccine protocols to further reduce influenza risks to animals and people.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2050-084X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.7554/eLife.78618
    Language: English
    Publisher: eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2687154-3
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  • 3
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    Exploring heterologous prime-boost vaccination approaches to enhance influenza control in pigs
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2020
    In:  Veterinary Research Vol. 51, No. 1 ( 2020-12)
    Details
    In: Veterinary Research, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 51, No. 1 ( 2020-12)
    Abstract: Influenza A viruses evolve rapidly to escape host immunity. In swine, this viral evolution has resulted in the emergence of multiple H1 and H3 influenza A virus (IAV) lineages in the United States (US) pig populations. The heterologous prime-boost vaccination strategy is a promising way to deal with diverse IAV infection in multiple animal models. However, whether or not this vaccination strategy is applicable to US swine to impart immunity against infection from North American strains of IAV is still unknown. We performed a vaccination-challenge study to evaluate the protective efficacy of using multivalent inactivated vaccine and/or a live attenuated IAV vaccine (LAIV) in pigs following multiple prime-boost vaccination protocols against a simultaneous H1N1 and H3N2 IAV infection. Our data show that pigs in the heterologous prime-boost vaccination group had more favorable outcomes consistent with a better response against virus challenge than non-vaccinated pigs. Additionally, delivering a multivalent heterologous inactivated vaccine boost to pigs following a single LAIV administration was also beneficial. We concluded the heterologous prime boost vaccination strategy may potentiate responses to suboptimal immunogens and holds the potential applicability to control IAV in the North American swine industry. However, more studies are needed to validate the application of this vaccination approach under field conditions.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1297-9716
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1186/s13567-020-00810-z
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2012391-7
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  • 4
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    78 Determination for Optimal Time for Marketing in Gilts Immunized Against Gonadotropin-Releasing Factor Based Upon Production Measurements
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2022
    In:  Journal of Animal Science Vol. 100, No. Supplement_2 ( 2022-04-12), p. 29-30
    Details
    In: Journal of Animal Science, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 100, No. Supplement_2 ( 2022-04-12), p. 29-30
    Abstract: Gilts immunized against gonadotropin-releasing factor (GnRF) gain weight faster and have improved carcass characteristics compared to controls. The objective was to determine the optimal time post second dose (PSD) of anti-GnRF for feed efficiency. Treatments were arranged as a 2×4 factorial: control vs anti-GnRF (d7 and 77; d0 = 8 wk of age) and marketing time PSD anti-GnRF: (first cut: 10 heaviest gilts; last cut: remaining gilts): d18 and 39 PSD; d25 and 46 PSD; d32 and 53 PSD; and d39 and 60 PSD. Pen (n=120) was the experimental unit (12-18 pens per treatment; 21 gilts per pen). At 25 wks of age, 52.5±0.05% of control gilts vs. 0.92±0.01% of anti-GnRF gilts were cycling based on ovarian structures. Regardless of treatment, gilts performed similarly until PSD anti-GnRF. Prior to the first cut (i.e., d95), there was an increase (P & lt; 0.01) in weight (120.6 vs. 121.7 ±0.52 kg), ADG (0.973 vs. 0.984 ±0.003 kg/d), and ADFI (2.42 vs. 2.45 ±0.01 kg/d) with similar (P = 0.98) G:F (0.40 vs. 0.40 ±0.001). Live weights sold were similar at 18 and 25 days PSD, but anti-GnRF had increased (P≤0.05) weights at 32 and 39 days PSD for first-cut gilts. In final cut gilts, anti-GnRF gilts were heavier (P≤0.05) at d39, 46, and 60 PSD. When ADG, ADFI, and G:F were calculated from d81 (i.e., 4 days PSD anti-GnRF) to market, ADG and ADFI was greater (P≤0.05) in anti-GnRF vs. control gilts. In first-cut gilts, G:F was similar between anti-GnRF and control gilts at 18, 25, and 32 days PSD, with poorer (P≤0.05) G:F in anti-GnRF gilts at d39. At final cut, G:F was less (P≤0.05) at 53 and 60 days PSD compared to control. To optimize feed efficiency, it is recommended that gilts are marketed between 25 and 46 d PSD anti-GnRF.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0021-8812 , 1525-3163
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/jas/skac064.047
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1490550-4
    SSG: 12
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  • 5
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    119 Lysine Requirement of Market Gilts Immunized Against Gonadotropin-releasing Factor on Performance and Carcass Composition
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2021
    In:  Journal of Animal Science Vol. 99, No. Supplement_1 ( 2021-05-07), p. 35-36
    Details
    In: Journal of Animal Science, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 99, No. Supplement_1 ( 2021-05-07), p. 35-36
    Abstract: The objectives were to determine if the augmented growth performance of gilts administered anti-gonadotropin-releasing factor (GnRF) would require additional lysine and if anti-GnRF-treated gilts would require additional lysine to enhance carcass characteristics. The study treatments were arranged as a 2×3 factorial: control vs anti-GnRF (day 7 and 84; day 0 = 11 wk of age) and lysine at 100, 110, or 120% of requirement of the control gilts. Pen (n = 60) was the experimental unit (10 pens per treatment with 18 or 19 pigs per pen). There was no lysine × anti-GnRF interactions (P ≥ 0.2). Immunized gilts grew 3.7% faster and consumed 3.9% more feed with similar gain:feed from day 0 to market with increases occurring after the administration of the 2nd anti-GnRF dose. Immunized gilts weighed 3.4-kg more at marketing. The timing of marketing (4- or 6-week post 2nd dose) influenced the effects of anti-GnRF. Hot carcass weight, loin depth, and belly weight and thickness in anti-GnRF treated gilts were similar to control gilts at 4-weeks post 2nd dose but were greater in anti-GnRF vs. control (P ≤ 0.05) when harvested 6-weeks post 2nd dose. Backfat was greater, and lean was less, in immunized gilts vs. controls regardless of time to harvest. In conclusion, gilts immunized against GnRF had heavier carcass weights and required no additional lysine compared to controls.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0021-8812 , 1525-3163
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/jas/skab054.062
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1490550-4
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  • 6
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    309 Achieving Heavier Market Weights, with Similar Feed Efficiency, in Gilts Administered Improves
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2022
    In:  Journal of Animal Science Vol. 100, No. Supplement_3 ( 2022-09-22), p. 148-149
    Details
    In: Journal of Animal Science, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 100, No. Supplement_3 ( 2022-09-22), p. 148-149
    Abstract: Previous reports indicate that gilts administered Improvest will have an increased ADFI, ADG, and heavier market weights. Feeder type may influence growth performance and feed efficiency. Prior to the initiation of this study, pigs were placed into pens with two different feeder types at weaning (wet/dry shelf feeders and 4-hole dry feeders). Our objective was to determine grow-finish production parameters within a feeder type. Our null hypothesis was that Improvest would not impact ADFI, ADG, or feed efficiency. Pigs (63 days of age; d0 of the study) were weighed, and pens were randomized to treatment within a feeder type (20 pens/treatment; 27 gilts/pen). The first Improvest dose was administered on d7 and the second dose administered on d67. Weights were obtained at each dietary phase change, and prior to each marketing. The heaviest 8 gilts/pen were marketed 22 days post second dose (PSD), heaviest 8 gilts/pen at 37 days PSD, and all remaining gilts marketed at 50 days PSD. The phenotypes were similar between the 2 feeder types. Prior to the 2nd dose of Improvest, ADFI, ADG, and weights were similar between Improvest-treated and control gilts. After the 2nd dose, ADFI, ADG, and live weights were increased in Improvest gilts. Feed efficiency (G:F) was similar at all times between treatment groups. There was an increased (P ≤ 0.05) market weight and carcass weight for Improvest-treated gilts; however, this was driven by gilts marketed at 37- and 50-days PSD, as weights were similar for Improvest and control gilts 22 days PSD. Feed efficiency was similar with Improvest administration in gilts. To optimize the impacts of Improvest, marketing times should be considered when planning the Improvest administration schedule, as the weight advantages were not realized until after the first marketing cut.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0021-8812 , 1525-3163
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/jas/skac247.275
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1490550-4
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  • 7
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    Performance of immunologically castrated pigs at a commercial demonstration farm over 3.5 years
    American Association of Swine Veterinarians ; 2019
    In:  Journal of Swine Health and Production Vol. 27, No. 6 ( 2019-11-01), p. 322-328
    Details
    In: Journal of Swine Health and Production, American Association of Swine Veterinarians, Vol. 27, No. 6 ( 2019-11-01), p. 322-328
    Abstract: A longitudinal study was conducted to evaluate performance and mortality of male pigs following immunological castration with a commercial gonadotropin releasing hormone analog-diphtheria toxoid conjugate (Improvest). Twelve groups of intact male weanling pigs (approximately 250/group) were delivered to a single barn over 3.5 years. Two doses of Improvest were administered subcutaneously, with the first dose given at 10 to 15 weeks of age and the second dose given at 18 to 19 weeks of age. Wean-to-market average daily gain (ADG) among the 12 test groups ranged from 0.83 to 0.99 kg/day (mean, 0.89 kg/day), feed efficiency (FE) ranged from 2.10 to 2.50 (mean, 2.24), and mortality ranged from 1.61% to 7.20% (mean, 3.25%). When lysine levels were increased by approximately 12% (groups 6-12), ADG increased by 6.3% and FE improved by 4.1%. Except for group 7 mortality, performance of all groups surpassed two 2016 industry benchmarks for ADG, FE, and mortality (National Pork Board Top 25% Producers and MetaFarms). Immunologically castrated barrows performed similarly with or without antimicrobial feed additives under these conditions. This study demonstrated that immunological castration delivered consistent high performance and livability that exceeded industry benchmarks.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1537-209X
    URL: Journal
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.54846/jshap
    DOI: 10.54846/jshap/1128
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: American Association of Swine Veterinarians
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2174923-1
    SSG: 22
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  • 8
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    79 Determination of Optimal Timing of Marketing for Carcass Quality Measurements in Gilts Administered Improves
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2022
    In:  Journal of Animal Science Vol. 100, No. Supplement_2 ( 2022-04-12), p. 30-30
    Details
    In: Journal of Animal Science, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 100, No. Supplement_2 ( 2022-04-12), p. 30-30
    Abstract: Gilts immunized against gonadotropin-releasing factor (GnRF) have reported improvements in carcass characteristics including increased belly weights and thickness, and increased loin intramuscular fat (IMF) compared with controls. The objective was to determine the optimal market timing post second dose (PSD) for anti-GNRF-treated gilts for carcass characteristics. Treatments were arranged as a 2×4 factorial: control vs anti-GnRF (d7 and 77; d0 = 8 wk of age) and marketing time PSD anti-GnRF: (first cut: 10 heaviest gilts; last cut: remaining gilts): d18 and 39 PSD; d25 and 46 PSD; d32 and 53 PSD; and d39 and 60 PSD. Pen (n=120) was the experimental unit (12-18 pens per treatment; 21 gilts per pen). Carcass data were determined from 107-188 gilts per treatment per day PSD with primal data collected from 39-54 carcasses per treatment per day PSD. At 25 wks of age, 52.5±0.05% of control gilts vs. 0.92±0.01% of anti-GnRF gilts were cycling based on ovarian structures. Regardless of cut, anti-GnRF increased (P ≤0.05) HCW, backfat, and belly depth. Loin depth and belly weights were greater (P ≤0.05) in second cut anti-GnRF gilts compared with control. Calculated percent lean was decreased in both marketing events in anti-GnRF gilts compared with control. While belly yield was similar, iodine value was decreased in anti-GnRF gilts compared with control, regardless of marketing event. Trimmed loins were lighter (P = 0.02) in second cut anti-GnRF gilts, but had greater (( P & lt; 0.01) IMF compared with control gilts. Shear force was similar between treatments. Use of anti-GnRF in gilts results in heavier carcasses and several primal weights. The time PSD to market anti-GnRF-treated gilts does not appear to impact carcass quality indicating that it is best to focus on optimal timing based on performance traits.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0021-8812 , 1525-3163
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/jas/skac064.048
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1490550-4
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  • 9
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    184 Correlating Microbial Community Membership of Cervical Fluid, Vagina and Feces in Post-Partum Sows
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2022
    In:  Journal of Animal Science Vol. 100, No. Supplement_2 ( 2022-04-12), p. 87-87
    Details
    In: Journal of Animal Science, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 100, No. Supplement_2 ( 2022-04-12), p. 87-87
    Abstract: Postpartum metritis, or the inflammation of the uterus after parturition, is often a direct result of bacterial infection and considered to contribute to agalactia / dysgalactia in multiple species. Diagnosing metritis has included evaluation of vaginal and cervical fluid (CF) discharge for signs of infection (i.e., purulent discharge, strong odor, and discoloration). Metritis in sows results in economic losses for the swine industry due to increased numbers of sows requiring repeat inseminations to establish pregnancy, longer weaning to estrus intervals, association with increased abortions, and is also linked to agalactia. This study aimed to compare the microbial communities of the CF, the vaginal cavity, and feces from sows shortly after parturition, to identify similarities and differences in relative microorganism abundance between these body sites. Fecal and vaginal swabs were collected from 82 sows within 24-36 hours post-parturition. Additionally, CF was collected from each sow and classified based on color and consistency. Extraction of DNA was performed from all 246 samples and used for 16S rRNA gene Illumina MiSeq sequencing. Sequence analysis was conducted using MOTHUR (V1.43.0). No changes in CF microbial community composition or structure were determined related to CF color but differences (P & lt; 0.05) were detected relative to CF consistency. Taxa were compared across body sites to identify correlated phylotypes using CoNet (V1.1.1). The abundances of several phylotypes harboring metritis-relevant pathogens were correlated with common commensal microorganisms across body sites (including Fusobacterium, Streptococcus, Escherichia, and Staphylococcus) suggesting interactions between these body sites exist. This work provides initial insights into postpartum sow CF microbial communities, and the interconnectedness with the vaginal and fecal microbiota. This project was supported by Zoetis (TI-07021).
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0021-8812 , 1525-3163
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/jas/skac064.141
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1490550-4
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  • 10
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    Swine leukocyte antigen diversity in commercial breeding boars: molecular characterization and potential implications on animal health (170.1)
    The American Association of Immunologists ; 2011
    In:  The Journal of Immunology Vol. 186, No. 1_Supplement ( 2011-04-01), p. 170.1-170.1
    Details
    In: The Journal of Immunology, The American Association of Immunologists, Vol. 186, No. 1_Supplement ( 2011-04-01), p. 170.1-170.1
    Abstract: The highly polymorphic swine MHC antigens (SLA) are among the most important determinants of swine immune responses to disease and vaccines, yet their diversity in commercial swine breeding stock has not been studied at the molecular level. Using PCR-based typing assays, diversity of the class I (SLA-1, -2, -3) and class II (DRB1, DQB1, DQA) genes was surveyed in ten pure-line, pedigreed boar populations (n = 413) of a major commercial pig breeder. Of a maximum possible of 623 SLA haplotypes of these loci, 44 class I and 30 class II haplotypes were identified. The three most common class I and class II haplotypes constituted a combined frequency of 33% and 36%, respectively. Half of the studied animals (48% and 53%, respectively) had at least a copy of either of these class I or class II haplotypes. Prevalence of SLA homozygosity varied significantly among boar lines, ranging between 5-70%; overall one in five animals was homozygous for all six SLA loci surveyed. Limited MHC diversity, which has been associated with poor disease outcomes in other species, may result from unintentional selection of the SLA region which links closely to many favorable production traits. Molecular breeding techniques, including the assessment of SLA, may allow breeders to unlink SLA from production traits and reduce its negative pressure. Monitoring SLA diversity in breeding and commercial herds (produced by 2, 3, or 4-way crosses of breeding stock) will ensure robust immune response.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-1767 , 1550-6606
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.186.Supp.170.1
    RVK:
    XA 54100
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: The American Association of Immunologists
    Publication Date: 2011
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1475085-5
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