In:
Current Medicinal Chemistry, Bentham Science Publishers Ltd., Vol. 29, No. 32 ( 2022-10), p. 5270-5288
Abstract:
The discovery of a new drug requires over a billion dollars and around 12
years of research efforts, and toxicity is the leading reason for the failure to approve candidate drugs. Many alternative methods have been validated to detect toxicity as early as
possible to diminish the waste of resources and efforts in medicinal chemistry research, and in vivo alternative methods are especially valuable for the amount of information
they can provide at little cost and in a short time. In this work, we present a review of the literature published between the years 2000 and 2021 on in vivo alternative methods of
toxicity screening employed in medicinal chemistry, which we believe will be useful because, in addition to shortening the research time, these studies provide much additional
information aside from the toxicity of drug candidate compounds. These in vivo models include zebrafish, Artemia salina, Galleria mellonella, Drosophila melanogaster, planarians,
and Caenorhabditis elegans. The most published ones in the last decade were zebrafish, D. melanogaster, and C. elegans due to their reliability, ease, and cost-effectiveness
in implementation and flexibility. Special attention is given to C. elegans because of its rising popularity, a wide range of uses, including toxicity screening, and active effects
measurement, from antioxidant effects to anthelmintic and antimicrobial activities, and its fast and reliable results. Over time, C. elegans also became a viable high-throughput
(HTS) automated drug screening option. Additionally, this manuscript lists briefly the other screening methods used for the initial toxicological analyses and the role of alternative
in vivo methods in these scenarios, classifying them as in silico, in vitro and alternative in vivo models that have been receiving a growing increase in interest in recent
years.
Type of Medium:
Online Resource
ISSN:
0929-8673
DOI:
10.2174/0929867329666220329190825
Language:
English
Publisher:
Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.
Publication Date:
2022
SSG:
15,3
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