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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Custom Optical Coherence Tomography Parameters for Distinguishing Papilledema from Pseudopapilledema
    Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health) ; 2019
    In:  Optometry and Vision Science Vol. 96, No. 8 ( 2019-8), p. 599-608
    Details
    In: Optometry and Vision Science, Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health), Vol. 96, No. 8 ( 2019-8), p. 599-608
    Abstract: Causes of papilledema can be life-threatening; however, distinguishing papilledema from pseudopapilledema is often challenging. The conventional optical coherence tomography (OCT) scan for assessing the optic nerve often fails to detect mild papilledema. Our study suggests that parameters derived from volumetric OCT scans can provide additional useful information for detecting papilledema. PURPOSE Optical coherence tomography analysis of the optic nerve commonly measures retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (RNFLT) along a 1.73-mm-radius scan path. This conventional scan, however, often fails to detect mild papilledema. The purpose of this study was to evaluate additional OCT-derived measures of the optic nerve head (ONH) and peripapillary retina for differentiating papilledema (all grades and mild) from pseudopapilledema. METHODS Cirrus OCT ONH volume scans were acquired from 21 papilledema (15 mild papilledema), 27 pseudopapilledema, and 42 control subjects. Raw scan data were exported, and total retinal thickness within Bruch’s membrane opening (BMO) plus RNFLT and total retinal thickness at the following eccentricities were calculated using custom algorithms: BMO to 250, 250 to 500, 500 to 1000, and 1000 to 1500 μm. Minimum rim width was calculated, and BMO height was measured from a 4-mm Bruch’s membrane reference plane centered on the BMO. RESULTS Retinal nerve fiber layer thickness from BMO to 250 μm, minimum rim width, and BMO height had significantly greater areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve than did conventional RNFLT for differentiating mild papilledema from pseudopapilledema ( P 〈 .0001) and greater sensitivities at 95% specificity. Using cutoff values at 95% specificity, custom parameters detected 10 mild papilledema patients, and conventional RNFLT detected only 1. Bruch’s membrane opening heights above the reference plane were observed in papilledema only, although many papilledema cases had a neutral or negative BMO height. CONCLUSIONS Using OCT volumetric data, additional parameters describing peripapillary tissue thickness, neuroretinal rim thickness, and ONH position can be calculated and provide valuable measures for differentiating mild papilledema from pseudopapilledema.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1538-9235 , 1040-5488
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1097/OPX.0000000000001408
    Language: English
    Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2083924-8
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Rod and cone contributions to the a ‐wave of the electroretinogram of the macaque
    Wiley ; 2003
    In:  The Journal of Physiology Vol. 547, No. 2 ( 2003-03), p. 509-530
    Details
    In: The Journal of Physiology, Wiley, Vol. 547, No. 2 ( 2003-03), p. 509-530
    Abstract: The electroretinogram (ERG) of anaesthetised dark‐adapted macaque monkeys was recorded in response to ganzfeld stimulation and rod‐ and cone‐driven receptoral and postreceptoral components were separated and modelled. The test stimuli were brief ( 〈 4.1 ms) flashes. The cone‐driven component was isolated by delivering the stimulus shortly after a rod‐saturating background had been extinguished. The rod‐driven component was derived by subtracting the cone‐driven component from the mixed rod–cone ERG. The initial part of the leading edge of the rod‐driven a ‐wave scaled linearly with stimulus energy when energy was sufficiently low and, for times less than about 12 ms after the stimulus, it was well described by a linear model incorporating a distributed delay and three cascaded low‐pass filter elements. Addition of a simple static saturating non‐linearity with a characteristic intermediate between a hyperbolic and an exponential function was sufficient to extend application of the model to most of the leading edge of the saturated responses to high energy stimuli. It was not necessary to assume involvement of any other non‐linearity or that any significant low‐pass filter followed the non‐linear stage of the model. A negative inner‐retinal component contributed to the later part of the rod‐driven a ‐wave. After suppressing this component by blocking ionotropic glutamate receptors, the entire a ‐wave up to the time of the first zero‐crossing scaled with stimulus energy and was well described by summing the response of the rod model with that of a model describing the leading edge of the rod‐bipolar cell response. The negative inner‐retinal component essentially cancelled the early part of the rod‐bipolar cell component and, for stimuli of moderate energy, made it appear that the photoreceptor current was the only significant component of the leading edge of the a ‐wave. The leading edge of the cone‐driven a ‐wave included a slow phase that continued up to the peak, and was reduced in amplitude either by a rod‐suppressing background or by the glutamate analogue, cis ‐piperidine‐2,3‐dicarboxylic acid (PDA). Thus the slow phase represents a postreceptoral component present in addition to a fast component of the a ‐wave generated by the cones themselves. At high stimulus energies, it appeared less than 5 ms after the stimulus. The leading edge of the cone‐driven a ‐wave was adequately modelled as the sum of the output of a cone photoreceptor model similar to that for rods and a postreceptoral signal obtained by a single integration of the cone output. In addition, the output of the static non‐linear stage in the cone model was subject to a low‐pass filter with a time constant of no more than 1 ms. In conclusion, postreceptoral components must be taken into account when interpreting the leading edge of the rod‐ and cone‐driven a ‐waves of the dark‐adapted ERG.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-3751 , 1469-7793
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2002.030304
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2003
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1475290-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Tracking changes over time in retinal nerve fiber layer and ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer thickness in multiple sclerosis
    SAGE Publications ; 2014
    In:  Multiple Sclerosis Journal Vol. 20, No. 10 ( 2014-09), p. 1331-1341
    Details
    In: Multiple Sclerosis Journal, SAGE Publications, Vol. 20, No. 10 ( 2014-09), p. 1331-1341
    Abstract: Neurodegeneration plays an important role in permanent disability in multiple sclerosis (MS). Objective: The objective of this paper is to determine whether progressive neurodegeneration occurs in MS eyes without clinically evident inflammation. Methods: Retinal nerve fiver layer thickness (RNFLT) and ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer thickness (GCIPT) were measured using Cirrus optical coherence tomography (OCT) in 133 relapsing–remitting MS (RRMS) patients (149 non-optic neuritis (ON), 97 ON eyes, last ON ≥6 months). Ninety-three patients were scanned at two visits. Percentages of abnormal GCIPT vs RNFLT ( 〈 5% of machine norms) in cross-sectional data were compared. Relations between RNFLT/GCIPT and MS duration (cross-sectional) and follow-up time (longitudinal) were assessed. Results: GCIPT was abnormal in more eyes than RNFLT (27% vs 16% p = 0.004 in non-ON, 82% vs 72% p = 0.007 in ON). RNFLT and GCIPT decreased with MS duration by −0.49 µm/yr ( p = 0.0001) and −0.36 ( p = 0.005) for non-ON; −0.52 ( p = 0.003) and −0.41 ( p = 0.007) for ON. RNFLT and GCIPT decreased with follow-up time by −1.49 µm/yr ( p 〈 0.0001) and −0.53 ( p = 0.004) for non-ON, −1.27 ( p = 0.002) and −0.49 ( p = 0.04) for ON. Conclusions: In RRMS eyes without clinically evident inflammation, progressive loss of RNFLT and GCIPT occurred, supporting the need for neuroprotection in addition to suppression of autoimmune responses and inflammation.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1352-4585 , 1477-0970
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/1352458514523498
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2014
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2008225-3
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Comparison of multifocal visual evoked potential, standard automated perimetry and optical coherence tomography in assessing visual pathway in multiple sclerosis patients
    SAGE Publications ; 2010
    In:  Multiple Sclerosis Journal Vol. 16, No. 4 ( 2010-04), p. 412-426
    Details
    In: Multiple Sclerosis Journal, SAGE Publications, Vol. 16, No. 4 ( 2010-04), p. 412-426
    Abstract: Background: Multifocal visual evoked potentials (mfVEP) measure local response amplitude and latency in the field of vision. Objective: To compare the sensitivity of mfVEP, Humphrey visual field (HVF) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) in detecting visual abnormality in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. Methods: mfVEP, HVF, and OCT (retinal nerve fiber layer [RNFL]) were performed in 47 MS-ON eyes (last optic neuritis [ON] attack ≥6 months prior) and 65 MS-no-ON eyes without ON history. Criteria to define an eye as abnormal were: (1) mfVEP amplitude/latency — either amplitude or latency probability plots meeting cluster criteria with 95% specificity; (2) mfVEP amplitude or latency alone (specificity: 97% and 98%, respectively); and (3) HVF and OCT, mean deviation and RNFL thickness meeting p 〈 0.05, respectively. Results: MfVEP (amplitude/latency) identified more abnormality in MS-ON eyes (89%) than HVF (72%), OCT (62%), mfVEP amplitude (66%) or latency (67%) alone. Eighteen percent of MS-no-ON eyes were abnormal for both mfVEP (amplitude/latency) and HVF compared with 8% with OCT. Agreement between tests ranged from 60% to 79%. mfVEP (amplitude/latency) categorized an additional 15% of MS-ON eyes as abnormal compared with HVF and OCT combined. Conclusions: mfVEP, which detects both demyelination (increased latency) and neural degeneration (reduced amplitude), revealed more abnormality than HVF or OCT in MS patients.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1352-4585 , 1477-0970
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/1352458509359782
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2010
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2008225-3
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Postreceptoral contributions to the light-adapted ERG of mice lacking b-waves
    Elsevier BV ; 2008
    In:  Experimental Eye Research Vol. 86, No. 6 ( 2008-6), p. 914-928
    Details
    In: Experimental Eye Research, Elsevier BV, Vol. 86, No. 6 ( 2008-6), p. 914-928
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0014-4835
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2008.03.008
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2008
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1466924-9
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Retinal pathway origins of the pattern ERG of the mouse
    Elsevier BV ; 2009
    In:  Experimental Eye Research Vol. 89, No. 1 ( 2009-6), p. 49-62
    Details
    In: Experimental Eye Research, Elsevier BV, Vol. 89, No. 1 ( 2009-6), p. 49-62
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0014-4835
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2009.02.009
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2009
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1466924-9
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscopy for in vivo imaging of lamina cribrosa
    Optica Publishing Group ; 2007
    In:  Journal of the Optical Society of America A Vol. 24, No. 5 ( 2007-05-01), p. 1417-
    Details
    In: Journal of the Optical Society of America A, Optica Publishing Group, Vol. 24, No. 5 ( 2007-05-01), p. 1417-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1084-7529 , 1520-8532
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1364/JOSAA.24.001417
    Language: English
    Publisher: Optica Publishing Group
    Publication Date: 2007
    SSG: 24,1
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Assessing visual pathway function in multiple sclerosis patients with multifocal visual evoked potentials
    SAGE Publications ; 2009
    In:  Multiple Sclerosis Journal Vol. 15, No. 12 ( 2009-12), p. 1431-1441
    Details
    In: Multiple Sclerosis Journal, SAGE Publications, Vol. 15, No. 12 ( 2009-12), p. 1431-1441
    Abstract: Multifocal visual evoked potentials provide a topographic measure of visual response amplitude and latency. The objective of this study was to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of the multifocal visual evoked potential technique in detecting visual abnormalities in patients with multiple sclerosis. Multifocal visual evoked potentials were recorded from 74 patients with multiple sclerosis with history of optic neuritis (MS-ON, n = 74 eyes) or without (MS-no-ON, n = 71 eyes), and 50 normal subjects (controls, n = 100 eyes) using a 60-sector pattern reversal dartboard stimulus (VERIS). Amplitude and latency for each sector were compared with normative data and assigned probabilities. Size and location of clusters of adjacent abnormal sectors ( p 〈 0.05) were examined. Mean response amplitudes were (± SE) 0.39 ± 0.02, 0.53 ± 0.02, and 0.60 ± 0.01 for MS-ON, MS-no-ON, and control groups, respectively, with significant differences between all groups ( p 〈 0.0001). Mean latencies (ms; ±SE relative to normative data) were 12.7 ± 1.3 (MS-ON), 4.3 ± 1.1 (MS-no-ON), and 0.3 ± 0.4 (controls); group differences again significant ( p 〈 0.0001). Half the MS-ON eyes had clusters larger than five sectors compared with 13% in MS-no-ON and 2% in controls. Abnormal sectors were distributed diffusely, although the largest cluster was smaller than 15 sectors in two-thirds of MS-ON eyes. Cluster criteria combining amplitude and latency showed an area of 0.96 under the receiver operating characteristic curve, yielding a criterion with 91% sensitivity and 95% specificity. We conclude that the multifocal visual evoked potential provides high sensitivity and specificity in detecting abnormalities in visual function in multiple sclerosis patients.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1352-4585 , 1477-0970
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/1352458509350470
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2009
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2008225-3
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Phosducin Regulates Transmission at thePhotoreceptor-to-ON-Bipolar Cell Synapse
    Society for Neuroscience ; 2010
    In:  The Journal of Neuroscience Vol. 30, No. 9 ( 2010-03-03), p. 3239-3253
    Details
    In: The Journal of Neuroscience, Society for Neuroscience, Vol. 30, No. 9 ( 2010-03-03), p. 3239-3253
    Abstract: The rate of synaptic transmission between photoreceptors and bipolar cells has been long known to depend on conditions of ambient illumination. However, the molecular mechanisms that mediate and regulate transmission at this ribbon synapse are poorly understood. We conducted electroretinographic recordings from dark- and light-adapted mice lacking the abundant photoreceptor-specific protein phosducin and found that the ON-bipolar cell responses in these animals have a reduced light sensitivity in the dark-adapted state. Additional desensitization of their responses, normally caused by steady background illumination, was also diminished compared with wild-type animals. This effect was observed in both rod- and cone-driven pathways, with the latter affected to a larger degree. The underlying mechanism is likely to be photoreceptor specific because phosducin is not expressed in other retina neurons and transgenic expression of phosducin in rods of phosducin knock-out mice rescued the rod-specific phenotype. The underlying mechanism functions downstream from the phototransduction cascade, as evident from the sensitivity of phototransduction in phosducin knock-out rods being affected to a much lesser degree than b-wave responses. These data indicate that a major regulatory component responsible for setting the sensitivity of signal transmission between photoreceptors and ON-bipolar cells is confined to photoreceptors and that phosducin participates in the underlying molecular mechanism.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0270-6474 , 1529-2401
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4775-09.2010
    Language: English
    Publisher: Society for Neuroscience
    Publication Date: 2010
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1475274-8
    SSG: 12
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Longitudinal Evaluation of Visual Function in Multiple Sclerosis
    Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health) ; 2015
    In:  Optometry and Vision Science Vol. 92, No. 10 ( 2015-10), p. 976-985
    Details
    In: Optometry and Vision Science, Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health), Vol. 92, No. 10 ( 2015-10), p. 976-985
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1040-5488
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1097/OPX.0000000000000684
    Language: English
    Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
    Publication Date: 2015
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2083924-8
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