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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Scalable method for micro-CT analysis enables large scale quantitative characterization of brain lesions and implants
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2020
    In:  Scientific Reports Vol. 10, No. 1 ( 2020-11-30)
    Details
    In: Scientific Reports, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 10, No. 1 ( 2020-11-30)
    Abstract: Anatomic evaluation is an important aspect of many studies in neuroscience; however, it often lacks information about the three-dimensional structure of the brain. Micro-CT imaging provides an excellent, nondestructive, method for the evaluation of brain structure, but current applications to neurophysiological or lesion studies require removal of the skull as well as hazardous chemicals, dehydration, or embedding, limiting their scalability and utility. Here we present a protocol using eosin in combination with bone decalcification to enhance contrast in the tissue and then employ monochromatic and propagation phase-contrast micro-CT imaging to enable the imaging of brain structure with the preservation of the surrounding skull. Instead of relying on descriptive, time-consuming, or subjective methods, we develop simple quantitative analyses to map the locations of recording electrodes and to characterize the presence and extent of hippocampal brain lesions.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2045-2322
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77796-3
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2615211-3
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    A microfabricated, 3D-sharpened silicon shuttle for insertion of flexible electrode arrays through dura mater into brain
    IOP Publishing ; 2019
    In:  Journal of Neural Engineering Vol. 16, No. 6 ( 2019-12-01), p. 066021-
    Details
    In: Journal of Neural Engineering, IOP Publishing, Vol. 16, No. 6 ( 2019-12-01), p. 066021-
    Abstract: Objective . Electrode arrays for chronic implantation in the brain are a critical technology in both neuroscience and medicine. Recently, flexible, thin-film polymer electrode arrays have shown promise in facilitating stable, single-unit recordings spanning months in rats. While array flexibility enhances integration with neural tissue, it also requires removal of the dura mater, the tough membrane surrounding the brain, and temporary bracing to penetrate the brain parenchyma. Durotomy increases brain swelling, vascular damage, and surgical time. Insertion using a bracing shuttle results in additional vascular damage and brain compression, which increase with device diameter; while a higher-diameter shuttle will have a higher critical load and more likely penetrate dura, it will damage more brain parenchyma and vasculature. One way to penetrate the intact dura and limit tissue compression without increasing shuttle diameter is to reduce the force required for insertion by sharpening the shuttle tip. Approach . We describe a novel design and fabrication process to create silicon insertion shuttles that are sharp in three dimensions and can penetrate rat dura, for faster, easier, and less damaging implantation of polymer arrays. Sharpened profiles are obtained by reflowing patterned photoresist, then transferring its sloped profile to silicon with dry etches. Main results . We demonstrate that sharpened shuttles can reliably implant polymer probes through dura to yield high quality single unit and local field potential recordings for at least 95 days. On insertion directly through dura, tissue compression is minimal. Significance . This is the first demonstration of a rat dural-penetrating array for chronic recording. This device obviates the need for a durotomy, reducing surgical time and risk of damage to the blood-brain barrier. This is an improvement to state-of-the-art flexible polymer electrode arrays that facilitates their implantation, particularly in multi-site recording experiments. This sharpening process can also be integrated into silicon electrode array fabrication.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1741-2560 , 1741-2552
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/ab2b2e
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: IOP Publishing
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2135187-9
    SSG: 12
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    Online Resource
  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    BRAIN Initiative: Cutting-Edge Tools and Resources for the Community
    Society for Neuroscience ; 2019
    In:  The Journal of Neuroscience Vol. 39, No. 42 ( 2019-10-16), p. 8275-8284
    Details
    In: The Journal of Neuroscience, Society for Neuroscience, Vol. 39, No. 42 ( 2019-10-16), p. 8275-8284
    Abstract: The overarching goal of the NIH BRAIN (Brain Research through Advancing Innovative Neurotechnologies) Initiative is to advance the understanding of healthy and diseased brain circuit function through technological innovation. Core principles for this goal include the validation and dissemination of the myriad innovative technologies, tools, methods, and resources emerging from BRAIN-funded research. Innovators, BRAIN funding agencies, and non-Federal partners are working together to develop strategies for making these products usable, available, and accessible to the scientific community. Here, we describe several early strategies for supporting the dissemination of BRAIN technologies. We aim to invigorate a dialogue with the neuroscience research and funding community, interdisciplinary collaborators, and trainees about the existing and future opportunities for cultivating groundbreaking research products into mature, integrated, and adaptable research systems. Along with the accompanying Society for Neuroscience 2019 Mini-Symposium, “BRAIN Initiative: Cutting-Edge Tools and Resources for the Community,” we spotlight the work of several BRAIN investigator teams who are making progress toward providing tools, technologies, and services for the neuroscience community. These tools access neural circuits at multiple levels of analysis, from subcellular composition to brain-wide network connectivity, including the following: integrated systems for EM- and florescence-based connectomics, advances in immunolabeling capabilities, and resources for recording and analyzing functional connectivity. Investigators describe how the resources they provide to the community will contribute to achieving the goals of the NIH BRAIN Initiative. Finally, in addition to celebrating the contributions of these BRAIN-funded investigators, the Mini-Symposium will illustrate the broader diversity of BRAIN Initiative investments in cutting-edge technologies and resources.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0270-6474 , 1529-2401
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1169-19.2019
    Language: English
    Publisher: Society for Neuroscience
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1475274-8
    SSG: 12
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    Online Resource
  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Spatial Information Outflow from the Hippocampal Circuit: Distributed Spatial Coding and Phase Precession in the Subiculum
    Society for Neuroscience ; 2012
    In:  The Journal of Neuroscience Vol. 32, No. 34 ( 2012-08-22), p. 11539-11558
    Details
    In: The Journal of Neuroscience, Society for Neuroscience, Vol. 32, No. 34 ( 2012-08-22), p. 11539-11558
    Abstract: Hippocampal place cells convey spatial information through a combination of spatially selective firing and theta phase precession. The way in which this information influences regions like the subiculum that receive input from the hippocampus remains unclear. The subiculum receives direct inputs from area CA1 of the hippocampus and sends divergent output projections to many other parts of the brain, so we examined the firing patterns of rat subicular neurons. We found a substantial transformation in the subicular code for space from sparse to dense firing rate representations along a proximal-distal anatomical gradient: neurons in the proximal subiculum are more similar to canonical, sparsely firing hippocampal place cells, whereas neurons in the distal subiculum have higher firing rates and more distributed spatial firing patterns. Using information theory, we found that the more distributed spatial representation in the subiculum carries, on average, more information about spatial location and context than the sparse spatial representation in CA1. Remarkably, despite the disparate firing rate properties of subicular neurons, we found that neurons at all proximal-distal locations exhibit robust theta phase precession, with similar spiking oscillation frequencies as neurons in area CA1. Our findings suggest that the subiculum is specialized to compress sparse hippocampal spatial codes into highly informative distributed codes suitable for efficient communication to other brain regions. Moreover, despite this substantial compression, the subiculum maintains finer scale temporal properties that may allow it to participate in oscillatory phase coding and spike timing-dependent plasticity in coordination with other regions of the hippocampal circuit.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0270-6474 , 1529-2401
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.5942-11.2012
    Language: English
    Publisher: Society for Neuroscience
    Publication Date: 2012
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1475274-8
    SSG: 12
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Expression of the preadipocyte marker ZFP423 is dysregulated between well-differentiated and dedifferentiated liposarcoma
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2022
    In:  BMC Cancer Vol. 22, No. 1 ( 2022-03-21)
    Details
    In: BMC Cancer, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 22, No. 1 ( 2022-03-21)
    Abstract: Well-differentiated and dedifferentiated liposarcomas are rare soft tissue tumors originating in adipose tissue that share genetic abnormalities but have significantly different metastatic potential. Dedifferentiated liposarcoma (DDLPS) is highly aggressive and has an overall 5-year survival rate of 30% as compared to 90% for well-differentiated liposarcoma (WDLPS). This discrepancy may be connected to their potential to form adipocytes, where WDLPS is adipogenic but DDLPS is adipogenic-impaired. Normal adipogenesis requires Zinc Finger Protein 423 (ZFP423), a transcriptional coregulator of Perixosome Proliferator Activated Receptor gamma ( PPARG2 ) mRNA expression that defines committed preadipocytes. Expression of ZFP423 in preadipocytes is promoted by Seven-In-Absentia Homolog 2 (SIAH2)-mediated degradation of Zinc Finger Protein 521 (ZFP521). This study investigated the potential role of ZFP423, SIAH2 and ZFP521 in the adipogenic potential of WDLPS and DDLPS. Methods Human WDLPS and DDLPS fresh and paraffin-embedded tissues were used to assess the gene and protein expression of proadipogenic regulators. In parallel, normal adipose tissue stromal cells along with WDLPS and DDLPS cell lines were cultured, genetically modified, and induced to undergo adipogenesis in vitro . Results Impaired adipogenic potential in DDLPS was associated with reduced ZFP423 protein levels in parallel with reduced PPARG2 expression, potentially involving regulation of ZFP521. SIAH2 protein levels did not define a clear distinction related to adipogenesis in these liposarcomas. However, in primary tumor specimens, SIAH2 mRNA was consistently upregulated in DDLPS compared to WDLPS when assayed by fluorescence in situ hybridization or real-time PCR. Conclusions These data provide novel insights into ZFP423 expression in adipogenic regulation between WDLPS and DDLPS adipocytic tumor development. The data also introduces SIAH2 mRNA levels as a possible molecular marker to distinguish between WDLPS and DDLPS.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1471-2407
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-09379-6
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2041352-X
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dynamic Analysis of Learning in Behavioral Experiments
    Society for Neuroscience ; 2004
    In:  The Journal of Neuroscience Vol. 24, No. 2 ( 2004-01-14), p. 447-461
    Details
    In: The Journal of Neuroscience, Society for Neuroscience, Vol. 24, No. 2 ( 2004-01-14), p. 447-461
    Abstract: Understanding how an animal's ability to learn relates to neural activity or is altered by lesions, different attentional states, pharmacological interventions, or genetic manipulations are central questions in neuroscience. Although learning is a dynamic process, current analyses do not use dynamic estimation methods, require many trials across many animals to establish the occurrence of learning, and provide no consensus as how best to identify when learning has occurred. We develop a state-space model paradigm to characterize learning as the probability of a correct response as a function of trial number (learning curve). We compute the learning curve and its confidence intervals using a state-space smoothing algorithm and define the learning trial as the first trial on which there is reasonable certainty ( 〉 0.95) that a subject performs better than chance for the balance of the experiment. For a range of simulated learning experiments, the smoothing algorithm estimated learning curves with smaller mean integrated squared error and identified the learning trials with greater reliability than commonly used methods. The smoothing algorithm tracked easily the rapid learning of a monkey during a single session of an association learning experiment and identified learning 2 to 4 d earlier than accepted criteria for a rat in a 47 d procedural learning experiment. Our state-space paradigm estimates learning curves for single animals, gives a precise definition of learning, and suggests a coherent statistical framework for the design and analysis of learning experiments that could reduce the number of animals and trials per animal that these studies require.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0270-6474 , 1529-2401
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2908-03.2004
    Language: English
    Publisher: Society for Neuroscience
    Publication Date: 2004
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1475274-8
    SSG: 12
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Spin-spin relaxation of brain tissues in systemic lupus erythematosus
    Wiley ; 1995
    In:  Arthritis & Rheumatism Vol. 38, No. 6 ( 1995-06), p. 810-818
    Details
    In: Arthritis & Rheumatism, Wiley, Vol. 38, No. 6 ( 1995-06), p. 810-818
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0004-3591 , 1529-0131
    URL: Issue
    URL: Journal
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/art.v38:6
    DOI: 10.1002/(ISSN)1529-0131
    DOI: 10.1002/art.1780380615
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    RVK:
    XA 30325
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 1995
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2014367-9
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2754614-7
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Quantifying Breast Cancer-Driven Fiber Alignment and Collagen Deposition in Primary Human Breast Tissue
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2021
    In:  Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology Vol. 9 ( 2021-3-15)
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 9 ( 2021-3-15)
    Abstract: Solid tumor progression is significantly influenced by interactions between cancer cells and the surrounding extracellular matrix (ECM). Specifically, the cancer cell-driven changes to ECM fiber alignment and collagen deposition impact tumor growth and metastasis. Current methods of quantifying these processes are incomplete, require simple or artificial matrixes, rely on uncommon imaging techniques, preclude the use of biological and technical replicates, require destruction of the tissue, or are prone to segmentation errors. We present a set of methodological solutions to these shortcomings that were developed to quantify these processes in cultured, ex vivo human breast tissue under the influence of breast cancer cells and allow for the study of ECM in primary breast tumors. Herein, we describe a method of quantifying fiber alignment that can analyze complex native ECM from scanning electron micrographs that does not preclude the use of replicates and a high-throughput mechanism of quantifying collagen content that is non-destructive. The use of these methods accurately recapitulated cancer cell-driven changes in fiber alignment and collagen deposition observed by visual inspection. Additionally, these methods successfully identified increased fiber alignment in primary human breast tumors when compared to human breast tissue and increased collagen deposition in lobular breast cancer when compared to ductal breast cancer. The successful quantification of fiber alignment and collagen deposition using these methods encourages their use for future studies of ECM dysregulation in human solid tumors.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2296-4185
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.618448
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2719493-0
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dentate gyrus and CA3 GABAergic interneurons bidirectionally modulate signatures of internal and external drive to CA1
    Elsevier BV ; 2021
    In:  Cell Reports Vol. 37, No. 13 ( 2021-12), p. 110159-
    Details
    In: Cell Reports, Elsevier BV, Vol. 37, No. 13 ( 2021-12), p. 110159-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2211-1247
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.110159
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2649101-1
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Insertion of Flexible Neural Probes Using Rigid Stiffeners Attached with Biodissolvable Adhesive
    MyJove Corporation ; 2013
    In:  Journal of Visualized Experiments , No. 79 ( 2013-09-27)
    Details
    In: Journal of Visualized Experiments, MyJove Corporation, , No. 79 ( 2013-09-27)
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1940-087X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3791/50609
    Language: English
    Publisher: MyJove Corporation
    Publication Date: 2013
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2259946-0
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