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  • 1
    In: American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology, American Physiological Society, Vol. 308, No. 4 ( 2015-02-15), p. C297-C307
    Kurzfassung: Insulin resistance is an important risk factor for the development of several cardiac pathologies, thus advocating strategies for restoring insulin sensitivity of the heart in these conditions. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFAs), mainly eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, C20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, C22:6n-3), have been shown to improve insulin sensitivity in insulin-sensitive tissues, but their direct effect on insulin signaling and metabolic parameters in the myocardium has not been reported previously. The aim of this study was therefore to examine the ability of EPA and DHA to prevent insulin resistance in isolated rat cardiomyocytes. Primary rat cardiomyocytes were made insulin resistant by 48 h incubation in high insulin (HI) medium. Parallel incubations were supplemented by 200 μM EPA or DHA. Addition of EPA or DHA to the medium prevented the induction of insulin resistance in cardiomyocytes by preserving the phosphorylation state of key proteins in the insulin signaling cascade and by preventing persistent relocation of fatty acid transporter CD36 to the sarcolemma. Only cardiomyocytes incubated in the presence of EPA, however, exhibited improvements in glucose and fatty acid uptake and cell shortening. We conclude that ω-3 PUFAs protect metabolic and functional properties of cardiomyocytes subjected to insulin resistance-evoking conditions.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 0363-6143 , 1522-1563
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: American Physiological Society
    Publikationsdatum: 2015
    ZDB Id: 1477334-X
    SSG: 12
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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  • 2
    In: Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids, Elsevier BV, Vol. 108 ( 2016-05), p. 13-21
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 0952-3278
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: Elsevier BV
    Publikationsdatum: 2016
    ZDB Id: 2002495-2
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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  • 3
    In: Journal of Diabetes Research, Hindawi Limited, Vol. 2016 ( 2016), p. 1-9
    Kurzfassung: The aim of our study was to analyse immune abnormalities in patients with chronic infected diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) especially those infected by resistant microorganisms. Methods . 68 patients treated in our foot clinic for infected chronic DFUs with 34 matched diabetic controls were studied. Patients with infected DFUs were subdivided into two subgroups according to the antibiotic sensitivity of causal pathogen: subgroup S infected by sensitive ( n = 50 ) and subgroup R by resistant pathogens ( n = 18 ). Selected immunological markers were compared between the study groups and subgroups. Results . Patients with infected chronic DFUs had, in comparison with diabetic controls, significantly reduced percentages ( p 〈 0.01 ) and total numbers of lymphocytes ( p 〈 0.001 ) involving B lymphocytes ( p 〈 0.01 ), CD4+ ( p 〈 0.01 ), and CD8+ T cells ( p 〈 0.01 ) and their naive and memory effector cells. Higher levels of IgG ( p 〈 0.05 ) including IgG1 ( p 〈 0.001 ) and IgG3 ( p 〈 0.05 ) were found in patients with DFUs compared to diabetic controls. Serum levels of immunoglobulin subclasses IgG2 and IgG3 correlated negatively with metabolic control ( p 〈 0.05 ). A trend towards an increased frequency of IgG2 deficiency was found in patients with DFUs compared to diabetic controls (22% versus 15%; NS). Subgroup R revealed lower levels of immunoglobulins, especially of IgG4 ( p 〈 0.01 ) in contrast to patients infected by sensitive bacteria. The innate immunity did not differ significantly between the study groups. Conclusion . Our study showed changes mainly in the adaptive immune system represented by low levels of lymphocyte subpopulations and their memory effector cells, and also changes in humoral immunity in patients with DFUs, even those infected by resistant pathogens, in comparison with diabetic controls.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 2314-6745 , 2314-6753
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: Hindawi Limited
    Publikationsdatum: 2016
    ZDB Id: 2711897-6
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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  • 4
    In: Diabetes, American Diabetes Association, Vol. 72, No. Supplement_1 ( 2023-06-20)
    Kurzfassung: Introduction: Blood glucose control in patients requiring intensive care remains a therapeutic challenge; however, recent advancements in glucose sensing technologies have sparked interest in the potential use of real-time continuous glucose monitoring in the subcutaneous compartment (rtCGM) also in the intensive care unit (ICU) setting. We performed a clinical trial assessing the accuracy and reliability of rtCGM in postoperative ICU patients after major abdominal surgery. Methods: Patients undergoing pancreatic surgery, liver transplantation, pancreas (or pancreatic islets) and kidney transplantation were enrolled in the trial. Dexcom G6 (Dexcom, Inc., San Diego, USA) was used for rtCGM. Arterial blood glucose measured by the amperometric principle (ABL 800, Radiometer, Copenhagen, Denmark) served as reference and to calibrate the Dexcom G6 (every 6 hours on day 1, once daily day 2 and 3). Sensor accuracy was assessed by computing mean absolute relative difference (MARD), bias, modified Bland-Altman plot and surveillance error grid for paired samples of glucose values from CGM and ABL. Results: Sixty-one patients after major abdominal surgery staying in ICU post-operatively were included into this analysis. Median monitoring length was 7 days with a 97.1 ± 6.5% proportion of active CGM use. Overall, 1566 paired glucose values measured with CGM and ABL were obtained. MARD for CGM compared with ABL-measured glucose was 9.7% with a bias of 0.9% and coefficient of variation of 14%. In the surveillance error grid analysis, 90.9% of pairs were in the 0 risk zone and 7.9% in the risk zone 1 (out of 7). Throughout the study 3 sensors needed to be replaced due to technical problems. Conclusion: Our results show a clinically applicable accuracy and reliability of the Dexcom G6 continuous glucose monitoring system in postoperative ICU. This opens up new possibilities in intensifying ICU glucose control, lowering hypoglycaemia risk and reducing nursing staff workload. Disclosure B.Hagerf (voglová): None. M.Protus: None. L.Nemetova: None. M.Mraz: None. M.Haluzik: Advisory Panel; Novo Nordisk, Lilly Diabetes, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Research Support; Sanofi, Speaker's Bureau; Abbott, AstraZeneca. P.Girman: None. J.Franekova: None. V.Svirlochova: None. A.Jabor: None. Funding Charles University; Czech Ministry of Health; Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine (IKEM, IN00023001); National Institute for Research of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (EXCELES, LX22NPO5104)
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 0012-1797
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: American Diabetes Association
    Publikationsdatum: 2023
    ZDB Id: 1501252-9
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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  • 5
    In: Biomolecules, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 12 ( 2019-12-05), p. 829-
    Kurzfassung: Natural substances of plant origin exert health beneficiary efficacy due to the content of various phytochemicals. Significant anticancer abilities of natural compounds are mediated via various processes such as regulation of a cell’s epigenome. The potential antineoplastic activity of plant natural substances mediated by their action on posttranslational histone modifications (PHMs) is currently a highly evaluated area of cancer research. PHMs play an important role in maintaining chromatin structure and regulating gene expression. Aberrations in PHMs are directly linked to the process of carcinogenesis in cancer such as breast (BC), prostate (PC), and colorectal (CRC) cancer, common malignant diseases in terms of incidence and mortality among both men and women. This review summarizes the effects of plant phytochemicals (isolated or mixtures) on cancer-associated PHMs (mainly modulation of acetylation and methylation) resulting in alterations of chromatin structure that are related to the regulation of transcription activity of specific oncogenes, which are crucial in the development of BC, PC, and CRC. Significant effectiveness of natural compounds in the modulation of aberrant PHMs were confirmed by a number of in vitro or in vivo studies in preclinical cancer research. However, evidence concerning PHMs-modulating abilities of plant-based natural substances in clinical trials is insufficient.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 2218-273X
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: MDPI AG
    Publikationsdatum: 2019
    ZDB Id: 2701262-1
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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  • 6
    In: Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology, SAGE Publications
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 1932-2968 , 1932-2968
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: SAGE Publications
    Publikationsdatum: 2023
    ZDB Id: 2467312-2
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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  • 7
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Elsevier BV ; 2008
    In:  Neurochemistry International Vol. 52, No. 8 ( 2008-6), p. 1436-1441
    In: Neurochemistry International, Elsevier BV, Vol. 52, No. 8 ( 2008-6), p. 1436-1441
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 0197-0186
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: Elsevier BV
    Publikationsdatum: 2008
    ZDB Id: 1500654-2
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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  • 8
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Elsevier BV ; 2009
    In:  Neurochemistry International Vol. 55, No. 5 ( 2009-10), p. 288-294
    In: Neurochemistry International, Elsevier BV, Vol. 55, No. 5 ( 2009-10), p. 288-294
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 0197-0186
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: Elsevier BV
    Publikationsdatum: 2009
    ZDB Id: 1500654-2
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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  • 9
    In: Cancer Research, American Association for Cancer Research (AACR), Vol. 70, No. 8_Supplement ( 2010-04-15), p. 5439-5439
    Kurzfassung: Background: Entinostat is a novel oral benzamide HDACi characterized by its selectivity for class 1 HDACs as well as a unique pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) profile. Previous results have demonstrated the ability of entinostat to synergize in vitro and in vivo with the small molecule EGFR inhibitors, gefitinib and erlotinib as well as EGFR directed antibody, cetuximab to inhibit growth of EGFRi resistant NSCLC cells. The mechanism for the combined efficacy may involve a) targeting of EGFR gene and protein expression b) down-regulation of EGFR-mediated signal transduction pathway c) alteration of the tumor phenotype to re-sensitize cancer cells to EGFRi. Methods: The growth inhibitory effect of the combination of erlotinib and entinostat in H1975 and H1933 cells was determined using a 5-day 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. In vivo efficacy of entinostat was tested in athymic nude mice bearing NSCLC xenografts, A549 and H460. Combined treatment of entinostat with cetuximab was studied in H460 xenografts Results: We have extended our previous work examining the effect of entinostat on EGFRi resistance through testing of entinostat combined with erlotinib in cell line models of acquired resistance and evaluating the combination of entinostat with cetuximab in vivo in a xenograft model. Our results demonstrate that the combination of entinostat and erlotinib has enhanced activity in H1975 NSCLC cells which harbor the EGFRi T790M mutation. In addition the combination is more effective in H1933 NSCLC cells which have a met amplification. To further characterize the potential mechanism of action by which entinostat sensitizes NSCLC cells to EGFRi we have also tested entinostat in vivo in A549 and H460 xenograft models. Entinostat exhibits a dose response inhibition of tumor growth in both models and analysis of molecular markers is ongoing. In our previous experiments examining impact of entinostat on EGFRi resistance we reported on the combined efficacy of entinostat and cetuximab in the A549 NSCLC xenograft model. We have followed up on those initial findings through testing in a second xenograft model (H460) and will report those results. Conclusions: Entinostat enhances the effect of EGFR inhibitors in models of acquired EGFR resistance. The results from these experiments support the rationale of combining HDACi and EGFRi (small molecules as well as antibodies) in clinical studies in NSCLC. Ongoing clinical trials testing these hypothesis include ENCORE-401, a randomized, placebo controlled phase 2 study of erlotinib +/− entinostat in NSCLC patients and a pilot study, ENCORE-403 which was initiated to test the effect of entinostat on resistance to the EGFRi erlotinib in NSCLC. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5439.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 0008-5472 , 1538-7445
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
    Publikationsdatum: 2010
    ZDB Id: 2036785-5
    ZDB Id: 1432-1
    ZDB Id: 410466-3
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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  • 10
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Wiley ; 2021
    In:  Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology Vol. 47, No. 4 ( 2021-06), p. 519-531
    In: Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology, Wiley, Vol. 47, No. 4 ( 2021-06), p. 519-531
    Kurzfassung: Limb‐girdle muscular dystrophy R9 (LGMDR9) is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in the fukutin‐related protein gene ( FKRP ), encoding a glycosyltransferase involved in α‐dystroglycan modification. Muscle atrophy, a significant feature of LGMDR9, occurs by a change in the normal balance between protein synthesis and protein degradation. The ubiquitin–proteasome system (UPS) and autophagy–lysosomal system play a key role in protein degradation in skeletal muscle cells, but their involvement in the pathology of LGMDR9 is still largely unknown. We have aimed at clarifying whether proteolysis through the UPS and the autophagy–lysosomal pathway is dysregulated in LGMDR9 patients. Methods Vastus lateralis biopsies from 8 normal controls and 12 LGMDR9 patients harbouring the c.826C 〉 A/c.826C 〉 A FKRP genotype were assessed for protein markers related to UPS, the autophagy–lysosomal system and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress/unfolded protein response (UPR), followed by ultrastructural analysis by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Results Protein levels of E3 ubiquitin ligases Atrogin‐1 and MuRF1 showed a pattern similar to normal controls. Elevation of the autophagy markers Atg7, LC3B‐II, decreased level of p62 as well as downregulation of the negative autophagy regulator mTORC1, indicated an activation of autophagy in LGMDR9. Mitophagy markers Bnip3 and Parkin were decreased. TEM analysis demonstrated accumulation of autophagosome‐like structures in LGMDR9 muscle. There was also an increase in the expression of ER stress/UPR markers PDI, peIF2α and CHOP and a decrease in IRE1α. However, GRP94, Bip and Calnexin remained unchanged. Conclusion Our findings indicate that autophagy and ER stress are induced in LGMDR9 muscle.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 0305-1846 , 1365-2990
    URL: Issue
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: Wiley
    Publikationsdatum: 2021
    ZDB Id: 2008293-9
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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