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  • 1
    In: Atmospheric Measurement Techniques, Copernicus GmbH, Vol. 5, No. 5 ( 2012-05-04), p. 927-953
    Abstract: Abstract. The Optical Spectrograph and Infra-Red Imager System (OSIRIS) and the Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment (ACE) have been taking measurements from space since 2001 and 2003, respectively. This paper presents intercomparisons between ozone and NO2 measured by the ACE and OSIRIS satellite instruments and by ground-based instruments at the Polar Environment Atmospheric Research Laboratory (PEARL), which is located at Eureka, Canada (80° N, 86° W) and is operated by the Canadian Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Change (CANDAC). The ground-based instruments included in this study are four zenith-sky differential optical absorption spectroscopy (DOAS) instruments, one Bruker Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR) and four Brewer spectrophotometers. Ozone total columns measured by the DOAS instruments were retrieved using new Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC) guidelines and agree to within 3.2%. The DOAS ozone columns agree with the Brewer spectrophotometers with mean relative differences that are smaller than 1.5%. This suggests that for these instruments the new NDACC data guidelines were successful in producing a homogenous and accurate ozone dataset at 80° N. Satellite 14–52 km ozone and 17–40 km NO2 partial columns within 500 km of PEARL were calculated for ACE-FTS Version 2.2 (v2.2) plus updates, ACE-FTS v3.0, ACE-MAESTRO (Measurements of Aerosol Extinction in the Stratosphere and Troposphere Retrieved by Occultation) v1.2 and OSIRIS SaskMART v5.0x ozone and Optimal Estimation v3.0 NO2 data products. The new ACE-FTS v3.0 and the validated ACE-FTS v2.2 partial columns are nearly identical, with mean relative differences of 0.0 ± 0.2% and −0.2 ± 0.1% for v2.2 minus v3.0 ozone and NO2, respectively. Ozone columns were constructed from 14–52 km satellite and 0–14 km ozonesonde partial columns and compared with the ground-based total column measurements. The satellite-plus-sonde measurements agree with the ground-based ozone total columns with mean relative differences of 0.1–7.3%. For NO2, partial columns from 17 km upward were scaled to noon using a photochemical model. Mean relative differences between OSIRIS, ACE-FTS and ground-based NO2 measurements do not exceed 20%. ACE-MAESTRO measures more NO2 than the other instruments, with mean relative differences of 25–52%. Seasonal variation in the differences between NO2 partial columns is observed, suggesting that there are systematic errors in the measurements and/or the photochemical model corrections. For ozone spring-time measurements, additional coincidence criteria based on stratospheric temperature and the location of the polar vortex were found to improve agreement between some of the instruments. For ACE-FTS v2.2 minus Bruker FTIR, the 2007–2009 spring-time mean relative difference improved from −5.0 ± 0.4% to −3.1 ± 0.8% with the dynamical selection criteria. This was the largest improvement, likely because both instruments measure direct sunlight and therefore have well-characterized lines-of-sight compared with scattered sunlight measurements. For NO2, the addition of a ±1° latitude coincidence criterion improved spring-time intercomparison results, likely due to the sharp latitudinal gradient of NO2 during polar sunrise. The differences between satellite and ground-based measurements do not show any obvious trends over the missions, indicating that both the ACE and OSIRIS instruments continue to perform well.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1867-8548
    Language: English
    Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
    Publication Date: 2012
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  • 2
    In: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Copernicus GmbH, Vol. 7, No. 21 ( 2007-11-01), p. 5489-5499
    Abstract: Abstract. The MANTRA (Middle Atmosphere Nitrogen TRend Assessment) 2004 campaign took place in Vanscoy, Saskatchewan, Canada (52° N, 107° W) from 3 August to 15 September, 2004. In support of the main balloon launch, a suite of five zenith-sky and direct-Sun-viewing UV-visible ground-based spectrometers was deployed, primarily measuring ozone and NO2 total columns. Three Fourier transform spectrometers (FTSs) that were part of the balloon payload also performed ground-based measurements of several species, including ozone. Ground-based measurements of ozone and NO2 differential slant column densities from the zenith-viewing UV-visible instruments are presented herein. They are found to partially agree within NDACC (Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change) standards for instruments certified for process studies and satellite validation. Vertical column densities of ozone from the zenith-sky UV-visible instruments, the FTSs, a Brewer spectrophotometer, and ozonesondes are compared, and found to agree within the combined error estimates of the instruments (15%). NO2 vertical column densities from two of the UV-visible instruments are compared, and are also found to agree within combined error (15%).
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1680-7324
    Language: English
    Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
    Publication Date: 2007
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  • 3
    In: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Copernicus GmbH, Vol. 11, No. 11 ( 2011-06-09), p. 5383-5405
    Abstract: Abstract. The 2006 Canadian Arctic ACE (Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment) Validation Campaign collected measurements at the Polar Environment Atmospheric Research Laboratory (PEARL, 86.42° W, 80.05° N, 610 m a.s.l.) at Eureka, Canada from 17 February to 31 March 2006. Two of the ten instruments involved in the campaign, both Fourier transform spectrometers (FTSs), were operated simultaneously, recording atmospheric solar absorption spectra. The first instrument was an ABB Bomem DA8 high-resolution infrared FTS. The second instrument was the Portable Atmospheric Research Interferometric Spectrometer for the Infrared (PARIS-IR), the ground-based version of the satellite-borne FTS on the ACE satellite (ACE-FTS). From the measurements collected by these two ground-based instruments, total column densities of seven stratospheric trace gases (O3, HCl, ClONO2, HF, HNO3, NO2, and NO) were retrieved using the optimal estimation method and these results were compared. Since the two instruments sampled the same portions of atmosphere by synchronizing observations during the campaign and used consistent retrieval parameters, the biases in retrieved columns from the two spectrometers represent the instrumental differences. Mean differences in total column densities of O3, HCl, ClONO2, HF, HNO3, and NO2 from the observations between PARIS-IR and the DA8 FTS are 2.8 %, −3.2 %, −4.3 %, −1.5 %, −1.9 %, and −0.1 %, respectively. Partial column results from the ground-based spectrometers were also compared with partial columns derived from ACE-FTS version 2.2 (including updates for O3) profiles. Mean differences in partial column densities of O3, HCl, ClONO2, HF, HNO3, NO2, and NO from the measurements between ACE-FTS and the DA8 FTS are −5.9 %, −8.5 %, −11.8 %, −0.9 %, −6.6 %, −21.6 % and −7.6 % respectively. Mean differences in partial column densities of O3, HCl, ClONO2, HF, HNO3, NO2 from the measurements between ACE-FTS and the PARIS-IR are −5.2 %, −4.6 %, −2.3 %, −4.7 %, 5.7 % and −11.9 %, respectively. This work provides further evidence of the reliability of ACE-FTS measurements from the first three years of on-orbit observations. Column densities of O3, HCl, ClONO2, and HNO3 from the three FTSs were normalized with respect to HF and used to compare the time evolution of the chemical constituents in the atmosphere over Eureka during spring 2006.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1680-7324
    Language: English
    Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
    Publication Date: 2011
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  • 4
    In: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Copernicus GmbH, Vol. 12, No. 8 ( 2012-04-27), p. 3821-3835
    Abstract: Abstract. As a consequence of dynamically variable meteorological conditions, springtime Arctic ozone levels exhibit significant interannual variability in the lower stratosphere. In winter 2011, the polar vortex was strong and cold for an unusually long time. Our research site, located at Eureka, Nunavut, Canada (80.05° N, 86.42° W), was mostly inside the vortex from October 2010 until late March 2011. The Bruker 125HR Fourier transform infrared spectrometer installed at the Polar Environment Atmospheric Research Laboratory at Eureka acquired measurements from 23 February to 6 April during the 2011 Canadian Arctic Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment Validation Campaign. These measurements showed unusually low ozone, HCl, and HNO3 total columns compared to the previous 14 yr. To remove dynamical effects, we normalized these total columns by the HF total column. The normalized values of the ozone, HCl, and HNO3 total columns were smaller than those from previous years, and confirmed the occurrence of chlorine activation and chemical ozone depletion. To quantify the chemical ozone loss, a three-dimensional chemical transport model, SLIMCAT, and the passive subtraction method were used. The chemical ozone depletion was calculated as the mean percentage difference between the measured ozone and the SLIMCAT passive ozone, and was found to be 35%.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1680-7324
    Language: English
    Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
    Publication Date: 2012
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2092549-9
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2069847-1
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Optica Publishing Group ; 1996
    In:  Applied Optics Vol. 35, No. 16 ( 1996-06-01), p. 2797-
    In: Applied Optics, Optica Publishing Group, Vol. 35, No. 16 ( 1996-06-01), p. 2797-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0003-6935 , 1539-4522
    Language: English
    Publisher: Optica Publishing Group
    Publication Date: 1996
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 207387-0
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Informa UK Limited ; 2005
    In:  Atmosphere-Ocean Vol. 43, No. 4 ( 2005-12), p. 351-359
    In: Atmosphere-Ocean, Informa UK Limited, Vol. 43, No. 4 ( 2005-12), p. 351-359
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0705-5900 , 1480-9214
    Language: English
    Publisher: Informa UK Limited
    Publication Date: 2005
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 443534-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2025886-0
    SSG: 16,13
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 1994
    In:  Geophysical Research Letters Vol. 21, No. 13 ( 1994-06-22), p. 1347-1350
    In: Geophysical Research Letters, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 21, No. 13 ( 1994-06-22), p. 1347-1350
    Abstract: Total vertical column amounts of stratospheric HCl, HF, ClONO 2 and HNO 3 are reported from high resolution infrared solar absorption spectra taken during the European Arctic Stratospheric Ozone Experiment in the winter of 1991–1992. These ground based measurements were made near Åre in North Sweden (63.4°N, 13.1°E) at an altitude of 800 m using a Fourier transform spectrometer and tunable diode laser heterodyne spectrometer. On 9th January 1992 the HCl vertical column dropped to 1.2 × 10 15 molecules cm −2 from a November average of 3.6 × 10 15 molecules cm −2 . The HCl drop occurred at a time when Åre was below the polar vortex and the lower stratospheric ClO column above Åre was elevated to ∼2 × 10 15 molecules cm −2 as measured by the Microwave Limb Sounder experiment on the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite. These measurements indicate conversion of lower stratospheric chlorine from reservoir to chemically active forms.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0094-8276 , 1944-8007
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 1994
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    detail.hit.zdb_id: 7403-2
    SSG: 16,13
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    American Meteorological Society ; 2012
    In:  Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology Vol. 29, No. 2 ( 2012-02-01), p. 221-234
    In: Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, American Meteorological Society, Vol. 29, No. 2 ( 2012-02-01), p. 221-234
    Abstract: A Rayleigh–Mie–Raman lidar has been installed and is operating in the Polar Environment Atmospheric Research Laboratory at Eureka in the High Arctic (79°59′N, 85°56′W) as part of the Canadian Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Change. The lidar operates in both the visible and ultraviolet and measures aerosol backscatter and extinction coefficients, depolarization ratio, tropospheric temperature, and water vapor mixing ratio. Variable field of view, aperture, and filtering allow fine-tuning of the instrument for different atmospheric conditions. Because of the remote location, operations are carried out via a satellite link. The instrument is introduced along with the measurement techniques utilized and interference filter specifications. The temperature dependence of the water vapor signal depends on the filter specifications, and this is discussed in terms of minimizing the uncertainty of the water vapor mixing ratio product. Finally, an example measurement is presented to illustrate the potential of this instrument for studying the Arctic atmosphere.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0739-0572 , 1520-0426
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 2012
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2021720-1
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 48441-6
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  • 9
    In: Atmospheric Measurement Techniques, Copernicus GmbH, Vol. 5, No. 2 ( 2012-02-06), p. 329-344
    Abstract: Abstract. The Extended-range Atmospheric Emitted Radiance Interferometer (E-AERI) is a moderate resolution (1 cm−1) Fourier transform infrared spectrometer for measuring the absolute downwelling infrared spectral radiance from the atmosphere between 400 and 3000 cm−1. The extended spectral range of the instrument permits monitoring of the 400–550 cm−1 (20–25 μm) region, where most of the infrared surface cooling currently occurs in the dry air of the Arctic. Spectra from the E-AERI have the potential to provide information about radiative balance, trace gases, and cloud properties in the Canadian high Arctic. Calibration, performance evaluation, and certification of the E-AERI were performed at the University of Wisconsin Space Science and Engineering Centre from September to October 2008. The instrument was then installed at the Polar Environment Atmospheric Research Laboratory (PEARL) Ridge Lab (610 m altitude) at Eureka, Nunavut, in October 2008, where it acquired one year of data. Measurements are taken every seven minutes year-round, including polar night when the solar-viewing spectrometers at PEARL are not operated. A similar instrument, the University of Idaho's Polar AERI (P-AERI), was installed at the Zero-altitude PEARL Auxiliary Laboratory (0PAL), 15 km away from the PEARL Ridge Lab, from March 2006 to June 2009. During the period of overlap, these two instruments provided calibrated radiance measurements from two altitudes. A fast line-by-line radiative transfer model is used to simulate the downwelling radiance at both altitudes; the largest differences (simulation-measurement) occur in spectral regions strongly influenced by atmospheric temperature and/or water vapour. The two AERI instruments at close proximity but located at two different altitudes are well-suited for investigating cloud forcing. As an example, it is shown that a thin, low ice cloud resulted in a 6% increase in irradiance. The presence of clouds creates a large surface radiative forcing in the Arctic, particularly in the 750–1200 cm−1 region where the downwelling radiance is several times greater than clear-sky radiances, which is significantly larger than in other more humid regions.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1867-8548
    Language: English
    Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
    Publication Date: 2012
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  • 10
    In: Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 118, No. 22 ( 2013-11-27)
    Abstract: Polar vortex intrusions to mid‐latitude detected in Toronto FTIR measurements Mid‐latitude polar intrusions confirmed with MIMOSA, MERRA, GMI, OSIRIS, DMPs Dynamical cause for variability in 11 years of FTIR HCl, HF and N2O data
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2169-897X , 2169-8996
    URL: Issue
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 2013
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    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2016800-7
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2969341-X
    SSG: 16,13
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