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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    First Observation of Tool Use in Wild Gorillas
    Public Library of Science (PLoS) ; 2005
    In:  PLoS Biology Vol. 3, No. 11 ( 2005-10-1), p. e380-
    Details
    In: PLoS Biology, Public Library of Science (PLoS), Vol. 3, No. 11 ( 2005-10-1), p. e380-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1545-7885
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.0030380
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.0030380.g001
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.0030380.g002
    Language: English
    Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
    Publication Date: 2005
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2126773-X
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Individual-based modelling of elephant population dynamics using remote sensing to estimate food availability
    Elsevier BV ; 2018
    In:  Ecological Modelling Vol. 387 ( 2018-11), p. 187-195
    Details
    In: Ecological Modelling, Elsevier BV, Vol. 387 ( 2018-11), p. 187-195
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0304-3800
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2018.09.010
    RVK:
    AR 10100
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 191971-4
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2000879-X
    SSG: 12
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  • 3
    Online Resource
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    Forest elephants: fission–fusion and social arenas
    Elsevier BV ; 2013
    In:  Animal Behaviour Vol. 85, No. 2 ( 2013-02), p. 357-363
    Details
    In: Animal Behaviour, Elsevier BV, Vol. 85, No. 2 ( 2013-02), p. 357-363
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0003-3472
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2012.11.004
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2013
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1461112-0
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 5,2
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  • 4
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    Animal cultures matter for conservation
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) ; 2019
    In:  Science Vol. 363, No. 6431 ( 2019-03-08), p. 1032-1034
    Details
    In: Science, American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), Vol. 363, No. 6431 ( 2019-03-08), p. 1032-1034
    Abstract: Animal culture, defined as “information or behavior—shared within a community—which is acquired from conspecifics through some form of social learning” ( 1 ), can have important consequences for the survival and reproduction of individuals, social groups, and potentially, entire populations ( 1 , 2 ). Yet, until recently, conservation strategies and policies have focused primarily on broad demographic responses and the preservation of genetically defined, evolutionarily significant units. A burgeoning body of evidence on cultural transmission and other aspects of sociality ( 3 ) is now affording critical insights into what should be conserved (going beyond the protection of genetic diversity, to consider adaptive aspects of phenotypic variation), and why specific conservation programs succeed (e.g., through facilitating the resilience of cultural diversity) while others fail (e.g., by neglecting key repositories of socially transmitted knowledge). Here, we highlight how international legal instruments, such as the Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (CMS), can facilitate smart, targeted conservation of a wide range of taxa, by explicitly considering aspects of their sociality and cultures.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0036-8075 , 1095-9203
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1126/science.aaw3557
    RVK:
    TA 1000
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 128410-1
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2066996-3
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2060783-0
    SSG: 11
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  • 5
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    Modelling large herbivore movement decisions: Beyond food availability as a predictor of ranging patterns
    Wiley ; 2019
    In:  African Journal of Ecology Vol. 57, No. 1 ( 2019-03), p. 10-19
    Details
    In: African Journal of Ecology, Wiley, Vol. 57, No. 1 ( 2019-03), p. 10-19
    Abstract: La capacité des animaux de s'adapter à un environnement changeant va dépendre en partie de modifications de leurs schémas de répartition, mais pour savoir quand et pourquoi des individus choisissent de bouger, il faut comprendre en profondeur leurs processus de prises de décisions. Nous avons développé un modèle simple de prise de décision tenant compte de la disponibilité de ressources dans les endroits fréquentés habituellement. Nous suggérons que les différences entre les prédictions du modèle et les données venant d'animaux suivis indiquent que des facteurs supplémentaires influencent les décisions de mouvements, facteurs qui peuvent être identifiés si l'on connaît bien les spécificités du système. Le modèle a été évalué en utilisant les données sur les déplacements d’éléphants Loxodonta africana suivis par satellite dans l’Écosystème d'Amboseli, au Kenya, allant de zones de savane où les ressources sont de qualité médiocre mais disponibles en permanence, vers des zones où les nutriments sont supérieurs mais disponibles temporairement seulement. En général, le modèle s'adapte bien aux données :il y avait une bonne corrélation entre les endroits prédits et observés pour les données combinées de tous les éléphants, mais il y avait aussi des variations entre individus quant à la conformité au modèle. Pour les éléphants qui correspondaient moins aux prédictions du modèle, d'autres facteurs sont suggérés, susceptibles d'affecter les décisions en matière de déplacements, tels que la reproduction, des menaces d'origine humaine, des souvenirs et des perceptions. Le protocole pour créer et tester des modèles de prises de décisions devrait contribuer à la réussite des tentatives visant à préserver assez d'espace pour les grands herbivores dans leurs écosystèmes de plus en plus dominés par les hommes.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0141-6707 , 1365-2028
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/aje.2019.57.issue-1
    DOI: 10.1111/aje.12553
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019879-6
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 14
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  • 6
    Online Resource
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    Cohort consequences of drought and family disruption for male and female African elephants
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2022
    In:  Behavioral Ecology Vol. 33, No. 2 ( 2022-04-18), p. 408-418
    Details
    In: Behavioral Ecology, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 33, No. 2 ( 2022-04-18), p. 408-418
    Abstract: Cohort effects, reflecting early adversity or advantage, have persisting consequences for growth, reproductive onset, longevity, and lifetime reproductive success. In species with prolonged life histories, cohort effects may establish variation in age-sex structures, while social structure may buffer individuals against early adversity. Using periods of significant ecological adversity, we examined cohort effects for male and female elephants (Loxodonta africana) over almost 50 years in Amboseli, Kenya. Mortality spiked during severe droughts with highest mortality among calves under 2 years and females over 40 years. Deaths of oldest females resulted in social disruption via matriarch turnover, with potential impacts on resource acquisition for survivors. We predicted that survivors of high mortality and social challenges would have altered life-history trajectories, with later age at first reproduction and reduced age-specific fertility for females and slow transitions to independence and late-onset of potential mating or musth among males. Contrary to expectations, there were no persisting early drought effects on female age at first conception while matriarch loss around puberty accelerated reproductive onset. Experience of an early life drought did not influence age-specific reproductive rates once females commenced reproduction. Males who survived an early drought exhibited complex consequences: male age at family independence was later with larger peer cohort size, but earlier with drought in year of independence (13.9 vs 14.6 years). Early drought had no effect on age at first musth, but male reproductive onset was weakly associated with the number of peers (negative) and age at independence (positive).
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1045-2249 , 1465-7279
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/beheco/arab148
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1496189-1
    SSG: 12
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  • 7
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    Human‐driven habitat conversion is a more immediate threat to Amboseli elephants than climate change
    Wiley ; 2019
    In:  Conservation Science and Practice Vol. 1, No. 9 ( 2019-09)
    Details
    In: Conservation Science and Practice, Wiley, Vol. 1, No. 9 ( 2019-09)
    Abstract: Global ecosystem change presents a major challenge to biodiversity conservation, which must identify and prioritize the most critical threats to species persistence given limited available funding. Mechanistic models enable robust predictions under future conditions and can consider multiple stressors in combination. Here we use an individual‐based model (IBM) to predict elephant population size in Amboseli, southern Kenya, under environmental scenarios incorporating climate change and anthropogenic habitat loss. The IBM uses projected food availability as a key driver of elephant population dynamics and relates variation in food availability to changes in vital demographic rates through an energy budget. Habitat loss, rather than climate change, represents the most significant threat to the persistence of the Amboseli elephant population in the 21st century and highlights the importance of collaborations and agreements that preserve space for Amboseli elephants to ensure the population remains resilient to environmental stochasticity.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2578-4854 , 2578-4854
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/csp2.v1.9
    DOI: 10.1111/csp2.87
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2947571-5
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    A deepening understanding of animal culture suggests lessons for conservation
    The Royal Society ; 2021
    In:  Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences Vol. 288, No. 1949 ( 2021-04-28)
    Details
    In: Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, The Royal Society, Vol. 288, No. 1949 ( 2021-04-28)
    Abstract: A key goal of conservation is to protect biodiversity by supporting the long-term persistence of viable, natural populations of wild species. Conservation practice has long been guided by genetic, ecological and demographic indicators of risk. Emerging evidence of animal culture across diverse taxa and its role as a driver of evolutionary diversification, population structure and demographic processes may be essential for augmenting these conventional conservation approaches and decision-making. Animal culture was the focus of a ground-breaking resolution under the Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (CMS), an international treaty operating under the UN Environment Programme. Here, we synthesize existing evidence to demonstrate how social learning and animal culture interact with processes important to conservation management. Specifically, we explore how social learning might influence population viability and be an important resource in response to anthropogenic change, and provide examples of how it can result in phenotypically distinct units with different, socially learnt behavioural strategies. While identifying culture and social learning can be challenging, indirect identification and parsimonious inferences may be informative. Finally, we identify relevant methodologies and provide a framework for viewing behavioural data through a cultural lens which might provide new insights for conservation management.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0962-8452 , 1471-2954
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2020.2718
    Language: English
    Publisher: The Royal Society
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1460975-7
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 25
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  • 9
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    The consequences of poaching and anthropogenic change for forest elephants
    Wiley ; 2016
    In:  Conservation Biology Vol. 30, No. 5 ( 2016-10), p. 1019-1026
    Details
    In: Conservation Biology, Wiley, Vol. 30, No. 5 ( 2016-10), p. 1019-1026
    Abstract: Las Consecuencias de la Caza Furtiva y el Cambio Antropogénico para los Elefantes del Bosque Resumen La caza furtiva ha devastado a las poblaciones de los elefantes del bosque (Loxodonta cyclotis) y su hábitat está cambiando dramáticamente. Los efectos a largo plazo de la caza furtiva y de otras amenazas antropogénicas han sido estudiadas profundamente en los elefantes de la sabana (Loxodonta africana), pero el impacto de estos cambios sobre los elefantes del bosque del centro de África no ha sido discutido. Examinamos las repercusiones potenciales de estas amenazas y las consecuencias relacionadas para los elefantes del bosque del centro de África al resumir las lecciones aprendidas de los elefantes de la sabana y las pequeñas poblaciones de elefantes del bosque en el oeste de África. La organización social de los elefantes del bosque es menos conocida que la organización social de los elefantes de la sabana, pero la cercanía de la historia evolutiva de estas dos especies sugiere que responderán a las amenazas antropogénicas de maneras generalmente similares. La pérdida de individuos más viejos y con mayor experiencia en una población de elefantes causa disrupciones en los parámetros ecológicos, sociales y poblacionales. La reducción severa de la abundancia de elefantes dentro de los bosques del centro de África puede alterar a las comunidades vegetales y a las funciones del ecosistema. La caza furtiva, las alteraciones del hábitat y el incremento de la población humana probablemente estén orillando a las poblaciones de los elefantes del bosque hacia las áreas protegidas, e incrementado el conflicto humano‐elefante, el cual afecta negativamente a su conservación. Alentamos a los conservacionistas a ver más allá de la documentación de la declinación de la población de elefantes del bosque y a enfocarse en las causas de esta declinación cuando se desarrollen estrategias de conservación. Sugerimos que se evalúe la efectividad de las redes existentes de áreas protegidas para la conectividad de paisajes de frente al desarrollo actual de industrias e infraestructuras. También es necesario realizar evaluaciones longitudinales de los efectos del cambio de paisaje sobre la organización social y el comportamiento de los elefantes del bosque. Finalmente, las lecciones aprendidas de la pérdida de poblaciones de elefantes del oeste de África y de la fragmentación del hábitat deberían usarse para informar a las estrategias de planeación del uso de suelo y de manejo de interacciones humano‐elefante.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0888-8892 , 1523-1739
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/cobi.2016.30.issue-5
    DOI: 10.1111/cobi.12679
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2016
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2020041-9
    SSG: 12
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  • 10
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    A Socio-Ecological Approach to Understanding How Land Use Challenges Human-Elephant Coexistence in Northern Tanzania
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Diversity Vol. 14, No. 7 ( 2022-06-24), p. 513-
    Details
    In: Diversity, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 7 ( 2022-06-24), p. 513-
    Abstract: A globally rapid land use/land cover change (LULC) in human-transformed landscapes alters the interface of human-wildlife interactions due to shifting socio-ecological and environmental pressures. Understanding these shifts is crucial for mitigating repeated negative interactions that escalate conflict states between people and wildlife. This study aimed to understand LULC changes over 30 years (1989–2019), with more recent spatio-temporal patterns of high pressure at the human-elephant interface, and potentially underlying environmental and human-driven factors that affect elephant movement patterns. We analyzed a dataset of 923 human-elephant conflict occurrences, mainly crop foraging incidents, in the Enduimet Wildlife Management Area (EWMA) between the years 2016 and 2020 and combined these data with LULC for year 2019 to understand potential drivers of conflict and assess how agricultural land and settlement have increased over time. We further used GPS datasets of elephants collared between 2019 to 2020 to understand elephant movement patterns in changing land use types. Landsat image analysis revealed that 41% of the area had been converted into farmlands and settlements within the last three decades, which creates elephant-intolerant habitats and the potential to increase pressure at the human-elephant interface. Collared elephants using EWMA moved through all land use types and did not avoid settlements, although they moved through these at higher speeds, reflecting perception of risk. Elephants travelled slightly more slowly in farmland, likely reflecting the availability of foraging opportunities. Our analysis shows that human-induced LULC changes and the encroachment into elephant habitats have resulted in spatially and temporally predictable increases in HEC in EWMA, driven by the proximity of farmlands and protected areas (PAs), so that incompatible land uses are the principal drivers of damage to human livelihoods and increased risks to Tanzanian (and Kenyan) natural capital. Communities in Enduimet urgently need support to increase the effective distance between their farming activities and the PAs. Village-level crop protection and small-scale land-use planning around PAs are important first steps to halt an escalating conflict situation but need to be supported with longer-range strategies that separate incompatible land-use types and encourage the cultivation of alternative crops and livelihood diversification.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1424-2818
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/d14070513
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518137-3
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