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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The “Magnificent Seven Errors” in Forensic Autopsy Practice: The Italian Context
    SAGE Publications ; 2021
    In:  Academic Forensic Pathology Vol. 11, No. 4 ( 2021-12), p. 208-214
    Details
    In: Academic Forensic Pathology, SAGE Publications, Vol. 11, No. 4 ( 2021-12), p. 208-214
    Abstract: According to the Italian legal system, forensic autopsies are performed by a medical doctor specialized in legal medicine, otherwise known as a medicolegal expert (MLE), who has a range of very complex responsibilities. Indeed, the quality of forensic autopsy activity is always questioned in courts of law; incorrect assessments are dangerous because they can jeopardize the validity of a criminal investigation and thus affect the outcome so that a real culprit may be acquitted or an innocent person convicted. Nonconformities also discredit the professionalism of the specialist who performs the autopsy. The work of a MLE implies a series of assignments and duties that should be given constant consideration, but when certain aspects of this activity are underestimated or overlooked, this can lead the expert to make mistakes with irreparable consequences for the judicial investigation. In this article, for the first time, we present a summary of seven known errors related to autopsy activity following death by unnatural causes, with the purpose of alerting MLEs who work under the Italian judicial system to the potential dangers of such errors. These relate to: oversights in autopsy technique, incorrect collection of photographic and video material, unauthorized attendance at the autopsy, missing/mistaken reporting at any stage of the forensic activity, failure to notify the party forensic consultant, using histological or toxicological nonaccredited laboratories for forensic activities, and lack of observance of the chain of custody.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1925-3621 , 1925-3621
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/19253621211056191
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3018740-0
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Informed Consent and Protection of Personal Data in Genetic Research on COVID-19
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Healthcare Vol. 10, No. 2 ( 2022-02-11), p. 349-
    Details
    In: Healthcare, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 2 ( 2022-02-11), p. 349-
    Abstract: The particular characteristics of COVID-19 demand the careful biomedical study of samples from patients who have shown different symptomatology, in order to understand the genetic foundations of its phenotypic expression. Research on genetic material from COVID-19 patients is indispensable for understanding the biological bases for its varied clinical manifestations. The issue of “informed consent” constitutes the crux of the problem in regulating research biobanks, because it concerns the relationship between the person and the parts separated from the body. There are several consensus models that can be adopted, varying from quite restricted models of specific informed consent to forms that allow very broad authorization (open consent). Our current understanding of COVID-19 is incomplete. Thus, we cannot plan, with precision, the research to be conducted on biological samples that have been, or will be, collected from patients infected by the novel coronavirus. Therefore, we suggest utilizing the “participation pact” between researchers and donors, based on a new form of participation in research, which offers a choice based on the principles of solidarity and reciprocity, which represent the communication of “values”. In the last part of this paper, the general data protection regulation concerning the matter is discussed. The treatment of personal data must be performed with explicit goals, and donors must be provided with a clear, transparent explanation of the methods, goals and time of storage. The data must not be provided to unauthorized subjects. In conclusion, open informed consent forms will be necessary for research on individual patients and on populations.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2227-9032
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10020349
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2721009-1
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Genetic risk in insurance field
    Walter de Gruyter GmbH ; 2018
    In:  Open Medicine Vol. 13, No. 1 ( 2018-08-24), p. 294-297
    Details
    In: Open Medicine, Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Vol. 13, No. 1 ( 2018-08-24), p. 294-297
    Abstract: The risk-delimiting tools available to insurance companies are therefore substantial and it is also possible to argue that a margin of uncertainty is a natural component of the insurance contract. Despite this, businesses look at the potential of predictive medicine, and in particular the growing understanding of genetic mechanisms that support many common diseases. In particular, the rapid development of genetics has led many insurance companies to glimpse in the predictive diagnosis of disease by genetic testing the possibility of extending the calculation of the individual risk of developing a particular disease to appropriate premiums or even denying insurance coverage.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2391-5463
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1515/med-2018-0045
    Language: English
    Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2829380-0
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Genetic testing and professional responsibility: the italian experience
    Walter de Gruyter GmbH ; 2018
    In:  Open Medicine Vol. 13, No. 1 ( 2018-08-24), p. 298-300
    Details
    In: Open Medicine, Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Vol. 13, No. 1 ( 2018-08-24), p. 298-300
    Abstract: Responsibility means responding to the damaging consequences of technical work and in this binding perspective the general principles of guilt in genetic diagnostics and related activities are not different from any other medical performance. Performing a genetic test however, especially when it has predictive characteristics, offers absolutely peculiar technical deontological issues. It is not and should not be considered as a mere habitual laboratory test but as a complex set of interactions that presupposes adequate information as a valid consensus to formalize absolutely in written form.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2391-5463
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1515/med-2018-0046
    Language: English
    Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2829380-0
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The central importance of information in cosmetic surgery and treatments
    Walter de Gruyter GmbH ; 2018
    In:  Open Medicine Vol. 13, No. 1 ( 2018-04-18), p. 153-157
    Details
    In: Open Medicine, Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Vol. 13, No. 1 ( 2018-04-18), p. 153-157
    Abstract: The increase in the number of people who choose to have medical procedures done to improve their appearance may be due to changed social and cultural factors in modern society, as well to the ease of access and affordable costs of these cosmetic treatments. Today, two elements legitimate recourse to this type of treatment: the broad definition of health accepted by the law and the scientific community, and the provision of meticulous information to the entitled party previous to obtaining his or her consent. In Italy, while current case-law views treatments exclusively for cosmetic purposes as unnecessary, if not even superfluous, it nonetheless demands that providers inform clients about the actual improvement that can be expected, as well as the risks of worsening their current esthetic conditions.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2391-5463
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1515/med-2018-0024
    Language: English
    Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2829380-0
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Informed Consent for Genetics Research in Italy
    Bentham Science Publishers Ltd. ; 2019
    In:  Open Medicine Journal Vol. 6, No. 1 ( 2019-02-28), p. 6-12
    Details
    In: Open Medicine Journal, Bentham Science Publishers Ltd., Vol. 6, No. 1 ( 2019-02-28), p. 6-12
    Abstract: Genetic research has become an indispensable instrument for medical research, and the subjects involved have both divergent and convergent interests. Objective: The possibility of having more detailed genetic information undoubtedly offers benefits for the health of the subject, but could also pose risks and make the subject vulnerable to discrimination. The scientific community has viewed very favorably the public health utility of family history, in which data from a family whose members suffer from chronic pathologies is collected and filed, in order to develop a sort of "stratification of family risk." Even though in the last decade the scientific and juridical literature has contributed greatly to the topic of biobanks, the perplexities that continue to surround this theme give the idea that current ethical protocols on research are inadequate. Conclusion: Genetic data must be used not to exploit, but to serve the person. Freedom and responsibility must be the twin guiding lights for establishing parameters for the use of biological samples. An evaluation of how this technology impacts the various aspects of the future of society is urgently needed.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1874-2203
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.2174/1874220301906010006
    Language: English
    Publisher: Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2812929-5
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Digital Competences of Pre-service Teachers in Italy and Poland
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2023
    In:  Technology, Knowledge and Learning Vol. 28, No. 2 ( 2023-06), p. 651-681
    Details
    In: Technology, Knowledge and Learning, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 28, No. 2 ( 2023-06), p. 651-681
    Abstract: The aim of this research was to compare the level of digital competence of future pedagogical staff (students of pedagogical faculties) in Italy and Poland. The research was conducted using original measurement tools and knowledge tests. The triangulation of techniques and research tools made possible the determination of the level of knowledge of the positive and negative features of the development of the information society, as well as the proficiency and frequency of use of the most popular websites and software. The research was conducted in the first half of 2022 using stratified sampling in both countries (N = 1209, IT = 604, PL = 605). Based on the data collected, it was noted that: (1) Pre-service teachers most often use software such as word processors and presentation creation tools; (2) This group very rarely uses software to create web pages, create visual material, or edit video; (3) The least problematic software that students use are word processors and multimedia presentations; (4) Among the typical ICT mediated activities that cause problems are: searching for and installing freeware (PL), installing and configuring parental control software (PL, IT), creating websites (PL, IT), searching for freely licensed images, and identifying plagiarism (PL); (5) Polish students have more theoretical knowledge about e-risks and the possibilities of the digital world than their Italian counterparts; (6) In most domains, the Italian future teachers rate their competences higher; (7) 53.81% of the respondents in IT and 38.68% in PL received lower results in competence tests, and handling ICT in selected areas causes problems for these students; (8) Both in PL and IT the frequency of ICT use and its seamless integration are predictors for assessing the effectiveness of ICT use in education.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2211-1662 , 2211-1670
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1007/s10758-022-09626-6
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2627758-X
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Legal and Ethical Issues Regarding Minors in the Italian Coronavirus Flu Emergency
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2021
    In:  Frontiers in Pediatrics Vol. 9 ( 2021-1-26)
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Pediatrics, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 9 ( 2021-1-26)
    Abstract: On February 21, 2020, Italy became one of the countries hit by an epidemic of the new coronavirus that causes “severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2” (SARS-CoV-2). Even a month before that, however, the Italian government began issuing a series of decrees and ordinances aimed at the containment of the virus in Italy, the first of them on January 25, 2020. The COVID 19 infection has been faced as an epidemic through measures to enforce a high degree of isolation. These regulations hold for minors, as well, with consequent difficulties for this age group. While at the moment young people appear to be the least vulnerable to the severe complications of COVID 19, the psychological problems that may be brought on by pandemic-related restrictions should be taken into serious consideration.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2296-2360
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.544461
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2711999-3
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Artificial intelligence and digital medicine for integrated home care services in Italy: Opportunities and limits
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2023
    In:  Frontiers in Public Health Vol. 10 ( 2023-1-5)
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Public Health, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 10 ( 2023-1-5)
    Abstract: Home healthcare in the Italian health system has proven to be an essential factor in adequately responding to the health needs of an increasingly aging population. The opportunities offered by digitization and new technologies, such as artificial intelligence (AI) and robotics, are a lever for making home care services more effective and efficient on the one hand, and on the other for improving remote patient monitoring. Telemedicine devices have enormous potential for telemonitoring and telerehabilitation of patients suffering from chronic disabling diseases; in particular, AI systems can now provide very useful managerial and decision-making support in numerous clinical areas. AI combined with digitalization, could also allow for the remote monitoring of patients' health conditions. In this paper authors describe some digital and healthcare tools or system of AI, such as the Connected Care model, the Home Care Premium (HCP) project, The Resilia App and some professional service robotics. In this context, to optimize potential and concrete healthcare improvements, some limits need to be overcome: gaps in health information systems and digital tools at all levels of the Italian National Health Service, the slow dissemination of the computerized medical record, issues of digital literacy, the high cost of devices, the poor protection of data privacy. The danger of over-reliance on such systems should also be examined. Therefore the legal systems of the various countries, including Italy, should indicate clear decision-making paths for the patient.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2296-2565
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1095001
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2711781-9
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Genetic Research: The Role of Citizens, Public Health and International Stakeholders
    Bentham Science Publishers Ltd. ; 2019
    In:  The Open Public Health Journal Vol. 12, No. 1 ( 2019-03-28), p. 106-113
    Details
    In: The Open Public Health Journal, Bentham Science Publishers Ltd., Vol. 12, No. 1 ( 2019-03-28), p. 106-113
    Abstract: Genetic research has become an indispensable instrument for medical research, and the subjects involved have both divergent and convergent interests. Objective: The possibility of having more detailed genetic information undoubtedly offers benefits for the health of the subject, but could also pose risks and make the subject vulnerable to discrimination. Methods: The scientific community has viewed very favorably the public health utility of family history, in which data from a family whose members suffer from chronic pathologies is collected and filed, in order to develop a sort of “stratification of family risk.” Even though in the last decade the scientific and juridical literature has contributed greatly to the topic of biobanks, the perplexities that continue to surround this theme give the idea that current ethical protocols on research are inadequate. Results: Researchers, citizens, International stakeholders, mass media, Public Health and Governments play a key role in genetic research. It is obvious that the methods used for genetic research do not present intrinsic risks; they are much less dangerous than other activities of diagnosis and research. Before authorizing a research project, it is important to reflect on the responsibility and transparency of the studies to be conducted, and on the impact they may have on the interests of public health. Conclusion: We believe that the highest priority need is to develop a common language on the theme, as is the case in the sphere of clinical experimentation where rules of good clinical practice, albeit at times conflicting, have led to uniform convergences in the scientific world on the points to be actuated.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1874-9445
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.2174/1874944501912010106
    Language: English
    Publisher: Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2575068-9
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