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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Agrometeorological and Agronomic Characterization of Megathyrsus Grasses Cultivated in Tropical Humid and Semi-Arid Conditions: A Multivariate Approach
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2022
    In:  Frontiers in Plant Science Vol. 13 ( 2022-2-25)
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Plant Science, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 13 ( 2022-2-25)
    Abstract: Variability in climatic conditions of low-latitude tropical grass cultivation can affect forage production dynamics. Pasture ecosystems are complex and preferably studied from a multifactorial point of view through multivariate approaches. Therefore, in this study, we characterized different growing conditions for grasses of the Megathyrsus genus through studies conducted in tropical humid and semi-arid conditions. We applied principal component, canonical correlation, and discriminant function analyses to the measurements of agronomic and agrometeorological variables in six studies with Guinea and Massai grasses. The principal component analysis, through the climatic characterization by the first principal component, reflects the contrast between water availability and nitrogen variables and energy supply. Agronomic characterization occurred through the distinction between the density of tillers, forage accumulation, and increase in height, versus the accumulation of stems and dead material. The canonical correlation analysis generated a correlation coefficient of 0.84 between the agronomic and agrometeorological variables. There was a contrast between the dead material accumulation and the other agronomic variables, while the agrometeorological variables showed characteristics similar to the first principal component. Discriminant function 1, with 70.36% separation power, distinguished the cultivation conditions based on the study locations. Grass cultivars were differentiated by discriminant function 2, with a 19.20% separation power. From a multivariate variability analysis, despite the similarities of radiation and temperature in the regions studied, the availability of water and nutrients and measurements of agronomic variables can aid in future modeling studies on forage production.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1664-462X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.809377
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2687947-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2613694-6
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Effects of Sodium Benzoate Application, Silage Relocation, and Storage Time on the Preservation Quality of Sugarcane Silage
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Agronomy Vol. 12, No. 7 ( 2022-06-26), p. 1533-
    Details
    In: Agronomy, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 7 ( 2022-06-26), p. 1533-
    Abstract: The present study explored the effects of sodium benzoate (SB), relocation, and storage time on the quality of sugarcane silage. The experiments followed a completely randomized design with a 2 × 4 × 2 factorial arrangement and four replicates. The treatments were as follows: (i) with (SB+) or without (SB−) SB (2 g∙kg−1 on a fresh matter basis); (ii) with (R) or without (R0) relocation for 12, 48, and 72 h (R12, R48, and R72, respectively); and (iii) storage for 10 or 60 days after relocation. SB− silage showed a lower (p 〈 0.05) dry matter loss (DML = 155 g·kg−1) without relocation (R0). SB+ silage showed the highest (p 〈 0.05) DML (257 g·kg−1) with R72. SB use reduced (p 〈 0.05) the yeast count in silage that was stored for 10 days (SB+: 4.63 CFU·g−1; SB−: 5.58 CFU·g−1). The yeast count was higher (p 〈 0.05) in silage that was stored for 10 days after relocation, regardless of the relocation time. SB use increased the aerobic stability of silage after 10 days of storage. Thus, SB application is effective for the inhibition of yeast in relocated sugarcane silage. We recommend the use of SB when silage is relocated for 12 h and stored for 60 days after relocation.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4395
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/agronomy12071533
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2607043-1
    SSG: 23
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Ingestive behavior of sheep fed Brazil nut cake in the diet
    Universidade Estadual de Londrina ; 2016
    In:  Semina: Ciências Agrárias Vol. 37, No. 4 ( 2016-08-30), p. 2259-
    Details
    In: Semina: Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Vol. 37, No. 4 ( 2016-08-30), p. 2259-
    Abstract: This study evaluated the ingestive behavior of sheep when fed a corn-silage-based diet with varying levels (0%, 15%, 30%, and 60%) of Brazil nut cake (NC) (Bertholletia excelsa Bonpl.). Sixteen mongrel sheep with an average weight of 33 ± 6.04 kg were randomly distributed between four treatments. Data were tested for assumptions of normality, subjected to an analysis of variance, and adjusted in regression equations and by Williams’ test, to estimate the W point. The voluntary intake of dry matter (DM) and insoluble neutral detergent fiber (NDF) decreased linearly (P = 0.013 and P = 0.002) by 5.0 g and 2.41 g d-1, respectively, for every 1% of NC added to the diet. The time the animals spent feeding (288.75 min d-1) was not significantly affected; time spent idle increased linearly (P= 0.0002) by 3.10 min, and time spent during rumination decreased linearly by 2.62 min (P = 0.001) for each 1% addition of the co-product. The number of ruminated boluses (NRB) displayed a decreasing effect (P = 0.004) of 4.61 d-1 for each 1% of NC. For ruminating chews, the time spent per bolus (37.5 sec) and the number per bolus (56.14) did not differ (P & gt; 0.05) between treatments. However, the total chewing time (TCT) decreased linearly (P = 0.002) by 0.05 h d-1 and the number of chews per day displayed a quadratic effect (P = 0.008), with a maximum value estimated at 17.5% of NC in the diet. Rumination efficiency did not differ between the treatments (101.95 g DM h-1 and 36.76 g NDF h-1). The feeding efficiency (FE) had a linear reduction (P = 0.045) of 0.42 g NDF h-1, but was similar for g DM h-1 (172.5). The daily intake of DM and NDF showed W points estimated at 51.96% and 30.67% NC, respectively. The variables NRB, TCT, and FE (g NDF h-1) had W points estimated at 56.64%, 56.19%, and 56.33% NC, respectively. The Brazil nut cake, when present at levels greater than 56% of the diet’s DM, affects the ingestive behavior of the animals, particularly rumination-related variables, and at levels of 30.67%, it begins to affect the consumption of NDF, primarily due to the ether extract content and the diet’s fiber source.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1679-0359 , 1676-546X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.5433/1679-0359.2016v37n4p2259
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Universidade Estadual de Londrina
    Publication Date: 2016
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2551446-5
    SSG: 22
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Yield and technological performance of sugarcane cultivars grown under Af climate conditions
    Universidade Estadual de Londrina ; 2020
    In:  Semina: Ciências Agrárias Vol. 41, No. 1 ( 2020-01-10), p. 73-
    Details
    In: Semina: Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Vol. 41, No. 1 ( 2020-01-10), p. 73-
    Abstract: Sugarcane crops are grown in almost all regions of Brazil, in various types of soil and under the influence of different climate conditions, which results in diverse production environments as climate factors directly influence the yield and technological quality of a sugarcane crop. The present study evaluated the agronomic and technological characteristics of sugarcane cultivars grown in Af climate conditions. The agronomic traits (natural matter production and the number, length, and diameter of stalks) and technological attributes (Brix, purity, Pol, reducing sugars, total reducing sugars, moisture, and fiber content) of three sugarcane cultivars, IACSP93-6006, RB83-5486, and SP79-1011, were determined in a three-year experiment with a randomized block design using four blocks and two repetitions per block. The cultivars IACSP93-6006 and SP79-1011 exhibited superior agronomic traits compared to RB83-5486, showing better adaptation to the soil and climate conditions of the study area. However, the technological attributes, which were below the minimum standard levels required by the sugar and ethanol industry, were not statistically different among the studied cultivars. The abundant rainfall and high temperatures, characteristics of an Af climate, were not favorable for sucrose accumulation in the IACSP93-6006, RB83-5486, and SP79-1011 cultivars. Therefore, despite the high yield, sugarcane intended for industrial purposes should not be grown under Af climate conditions, owing to the insufficient technological parameters.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1679-0359 , 1676-546X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.5433/1679-0359.2020v41n1p73
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Universidade Estadual de Londrina
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2551446-5
    SSG: 22
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Ovine feed intake, digestibility, and nitrogen balance in feeds containing different amounts of cupuaçu meal
    Universidade Estadual de Londrina ; 2015
    In:  Semina: Ciências Agrárias Vol. 36, No. 4 ( 2015-08-17), p. 2779-
    Details
    In: Semina: Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Vol. 36, No. 4 ( 2015-08-17), p. 2779-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1679-0359 , 1676-546X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.5433/1679-0359.2015v36n4p2779
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Universidade Estadual de Londrina
    Publication Date: 2015
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2551446-5
    SSG: 22
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Tropical kudzu as a protein source in sheep diets
    Universidade Estadual de Londrina ; 2016
    In:  Semina: Ciências Agrárias Vol. 37, No. 2 ( 2016-04-26), p. 933-
    Details
    In: Semina: Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Vol. 37, No. 2 ( 2016-04-26), p. 933-
    Abstract: Protein nutrition plays a key role in ruminant performance and represents the largest proportion of costs in animal feed. The present study evaluated whether the roughage portion of Santa Inês sheep diets could be supplemented with different ratios of tropical kudzu as a protein source and assessed the best inclusion level of tropical kudzu based on digestibility, intake, nitrogen balance and feeding behavior. Twenty rams were evaluated during the 20-day experimental period, and they were fed formulated diets with a roughage portion (60%) consisting of Elephant grass and tropical kudzu, the latter supplemented at different concentrations (0, 25, 50 and 75% on a dry matter basis). Forty percent of the concentrate portion consisted primarily of ground corn and soybean meal adjusted to obtain an isoproteic diet. Chemical and bromatological analyses, as well as, analyses to assess intake, digestibility, nitrogen balance and feeding behavior, were conducted. No statistically significant differences were found (P 〉 0.05) for the intake and digestibility of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), hemicellulose (HEMI), non-fiber carbohydrates (NFC) and total digestible nutrients (TDN) or for the feeding behavior (feeding, rumination and idle times in h/day) and nitrogen balance between the diets studied. Thus, tropical kudzu can be considered a feed alternative to supplementation with prime protein foods (in this case, soybean meal) in sheep diets.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1679-0359 , 1676-546X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.5433/1679-0359.2016v37n2p933
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Universidade Estadual de Londrina
    Publication Date: 2016
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2551446-5
    SSG: 22
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Características da carcaça e da carne de novilhos de diferentes grupos genéticos alimentados em confinamento com diferentes proporções de grão de aveia e grão de sorgo no concentrado
    FapUNIFESP (SciELO) ; 2002
    In:  Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia Vol. 31, No. 5 ( 2002-09), p. 2024-2035
    Details
    In: Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, FapUNIFESP (SciELO), Vol. 31, No. 5 ( 2002-09), p. 2024-2035
    Abstract: The objective of the experiment was to study the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of carcass and meat of steers of four genetic groups, Charolais (C), Nellore (N), crossbreds with predominance of C (3/4 C 1/4 N and 5/8 C 3/8 N - CRC) and crossbreds with predominance of N (3/4 N 1/4 C and 5/8 N 3/8 C - CRN), submitted to four feed treatments during the feedlot finishing phase, which were the following levels of substitution of sorghum grain (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) by oat grain (Avena strigosa) in the concentrate: 0%; 33%; 66% and 100%. The roughage used in the first 35 days of feedlot was sorghum silage (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench), and in the last 32 days the corn silage (Zea mays) was used. The roughage:concentrate ratio during the whole feedlot was 60:40. No significant effect of substitution level was observed for carcass and meat characteristics. However, analysing the genetic group effect, it was observed that N animals showed lower slaughter and cold carcass weight than the other genetic groups, lower sidecut percentage and higher percentage of forequarter, not differing in the sawcut percentage. The C and CRC animals showed higher muscle percentage in the carcass and higher Longissimus dorsi muscle area in relation to N and CRN, but showed lower fat percentage in the carcass. The N showed meat with coarser texture, lower tenderness, when evaluated by Warner-Bratzler Shear, and higher thawing losses. No differences were observed among genetic groups for subcutaneous fat thickness, meat color, marbling, tenderness evaluated by the test panel, palatability, juiciness and cooking losses.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1516-3598
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1590/S1516-35982002000800018
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: FapUNIFESP (SciELO)
    Publication Date: 2002
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2078814-9
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Efeito do Grupo Genético e da Heterose nas Características Quantitativas da Carcaça de Vacas de Descarte Terminadas em Confinamento
    FapUNIFESP (SciELO) ; 2002
    In:  Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia Vol. 31, No. 1 suppl ( 2002-01), p. 350-362
    Details
    In: Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, FapUNIFESP (SciELO), Vol. 31, No. 1 suppl ( 2002-01), p. 350-362
    Abstract: Quantitative carcass traits of cull cows from two breeding systems, straightbreds (Charolais - C and Nellore - N) and crossbreds F1 ¹/2 CN and ¹/2 NC, were evaluated. The cows were feedlot finished and fed with a 10% crude protein diet with 65% roughage, sorghum silage, and 35% concentrate. Objective and subjective measurements were taken from the cold carcasses. Charolais females showed higher slaughter weight (522.6 vs 462 kg) and cold carcass weight (255.8 vs 237.5 kg), conformation score (10.7 vs 7.76 points) and Longissimus dorsi area (64.08 vs 55.92 cm²). Whereas the Nellore were superior in dressing percentage (51.31 vs 48.93%) and subcutaneous fat thickness (8.22 vs 4.59 mm). Crossbred F1 females were superior to the straightbreds for slaughter weight (525.7 vs 492.3 kg), cold carcass weight (269.8 vs 246.6 kg), dressing percentage (51.3 vs 51.12%), conformation score (9.84 vs 9.24 points) and subcutaneous fat thickness (7.77 vs 6.40 mm), being the heterosis values 6.78, 9.41, 2.35, 6.49, and 21.40%, respectively. Crossing Charolais and Nellore resulted in cull cows with carcasses with high weight, good conformation and high degree of subcutaneous fat.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1516-3598
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1590/S1516-35982002000200009
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: FapUNIFESP (SciELO)
    Publication Date: 2002
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2078814-9
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Efeitos de Raça e Heterose na Composição Física da Carcaça e na Qualidade da Carne de Novilhos da Primeira Geração de Cruzamento entre Charolês e Nelore
    FapUNIFESP (SciELO) ; 2002
    In:  Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia Vol. 31, No. 1 suppl ( 2002-01), p. 376-386
    Details
    In: Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, FapUNIFESP (SciELO), Vol. 31, No. 1 suppl ( 2002-01), p. 376-386
    Abstract: Carcass characteristics of 463 steers, born during 1984 to 1996, from two breeding systems: straightbreds (S) and F1 crossbreds were studied. The S breeding system included the 188 Charolais (C) and 125 Nellore (N) steers and the F1 included 72 1/2 C 1/2 N and 78 1/2 N 1/2 C steers. F1 steers were superior than the purebreds in carcass fat percentage, muscle / bone relation, muscle + fat / bone relation and marbling score, being heterosis levels of 3.33, 2.92, 3.67, and 23.64%, respectively. Comparing the two breeding systems, it was observed that the straightbred animals were superior than F1 in carcass muscle percentage, being the heterosis level of -3.08%. Within the S breeding system the Charolais showed higher carcass muscle percentage (68.4 vs. 64.4%), muscle / bone relation (3.57 vs. 3.29), muscle + fat / bone relation (4.43 vs. 4.30), texture (3.80 vs. 3.58 points), tenderness (6.81 vs. 4.89 points), flavor (5.82 vs. 5.41 points) and juiciness (6.28 vs. 5.66 points), while the Nellore steers showed higher values for carcass fat percentage (19.6 vs. 16.3%), carcass bone percentage (19.7 vs. 19.2%), Shear force (9.29 vs. 6.01 kg), thawing losses (8.54 vs. 6.79%) and cooking losses (30.72 vs. 28.12%). The crossbreeding between Charolais and Nellore resulted in positive heterosis and additive genetic complementarily for carcass and meat characteristics important to the slaughterhouses and to the consumers.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1516-3598
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1590/S1516-35982002000200012
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: FapUNIFESP (SciELO)
    Publication Date: 2002
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2078814-9
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Ultrasound spectroscopy as an alternative method to measure the physical-chemical constituents of buffalo milk
    FapUNIFESP (SciELO) ; 2018
    In:  Ciência Rural Vol. 48, No. 2 ( 2018-02-08)
    Details
    In: Ciência Rural, FapUNIFESP (SciELO), Vol. 48, No. 2 ( 2018-02-08)
    Abstract: RESUMO: Objetivou-se com este trabalho o uso da espectroscopia de ultrassom para a determinação das características físico-químicas do leite de búfalas frente ao métodoinfravermelho. As características de gordura, proteína, lactose e estrato seco desengordurado (ESD) foram determinadas em amostras de leite de 22 búfalas (n=383) com produção inicial de leite 6,97±1,55 litros. A média dos resultados para gordura, proteína, lactose e ESD das amostras individuais foram, respectivamente, 6,31%, 3,81%, 4,99% e 9,75% para o método infravermelho-PO ANA 009 e 7,16%, 2,5%, 6,28% e 9,41%, usando-se espectroscopia de ultrassom. Houve diferença significativa (P 〈 0,0001) entre os teores de todos os componentes analisados entre os dois métodos estudados. Os resultados obtidos nas análises com o método utilizando analisador ultrassônico de leite (Ekomilk Total®) foram diferentes daqueles feitos por infravermelho-PO ANA 009 (ESALQ), porém, apresentaram correlação positiva alta para gordura (r = 0,84108; P 〈 0,0001), moderada para ESD (r = 0,71284; P= 0,0022), baixa para lactose (r = 0,32197; P 〈 0,0001) e ausente para proteína (r = -0,00284; P 〈 0,0001), podendo, portanto, ser utilizado para determinação de gordura. Para os demais constituintes do leite de búfalas sugere-se, que para a utilização do analisador ultrassônico, mais estudos para ajustes técnicos e metodológicos sejam feitos.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1678-4596
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1590/0103-8478cr20170447
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: FapUNIFESP (SciELO)
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2025834-3
    SSG: 7,36
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