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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Introgression of QTLs for Drought Tolerance into Farmers’ Preferred Sorghum Varieties
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Agriculture Vol. 11, No. 9 ( 2021-09-15), p. 883-
    Details
    In: Agriculture, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 9 ( 2021-09-15), p. 883-
    Abstract: Sorghum is a major staple food crop for the people in semi-arid areas of Africa and Asia. Post-flowering drought is a global constraint of sorghum production. The study aimed to improve stay-green (STG) characteristics of farmer-preferred sorghum varieties in Tanzania using marker-assisted backcrossing. A total of 752 individuals representing five BC2F1 populations and their parents were genotyped using previously reported KASP markers linked with STG 3A and STG 3B quantitative trait loci (QTL). In the BC2F1 populations, the maximum number of individuals with heterozygous alleles were observed in S35*Pato background (37) whereas only seven individuals derived from the B35*Wahi parents’ background contained heterozygous alleles. Of the 30 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers, favourable alleles were observed at 18 loci in BC2F1 populations. In the BC2F1 generation, the highest (0.127 kg/panicle) grain yield was observed in the B35*NACO Mtama 1 background population. The genotypic analysis revealed the presence of favourable alleles in homozygous conditions at markers loci associated with STG 3A and STG 3B QTLs in BC2F3 populations, suggesting successful introgression of STG QTLs from the donor parents to the recurrent parents. Across water irrigation regimes, the highest (0.068 kg/panicle) mean grain weight was observed in the genotype NA316C. Therefore, our study demonstrated the utility of marker-assisted backcrossing for drought tolerance improvement of locally adapted sorghum varieties in Africa.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2077-0472
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/agriculture11090883
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2651678-0
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Citrus Extract Found Potent in the Control of Seed-Borne Fungal Pathogens of Pearl Millet—A Recommendation for Farmers’ Seed Saving Systems
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Horticulturae Vol. 9, No. 10 ( 2023-09-26), p. 1075-
    Details
    In: Horticulturae, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 10 ( 2023-09-26), p. 1075-
    Abstract: Seed saving is crucial to ensure seed and food security, especially in developing countries. In Ghana, about 90% of pearl millet farmers utilise farmer-saved seed for production. Such seeds usually have a low germination rate, and may carry important seed-borne pathogens. In this study, the quality of farmer-saved seeds and the potential of botanicals to control seed-borne fungi were examined. A structured questionnaire was administered to 120 farmers from Garu, Bongo and Kassana-Nankana districts in Ghana. During the survey, 60 samples of farmer-saved seed were obtained for seed quality evaluation. Aqueous extracts of neem (Azadirachta indica) and citrus (Citrus sinensis) were prepared as seed treatments compared with a control. Fourteen (14) fungal species were associated with the seed samples, but the four dominant ones were Curvularia spp. (62%), Talaromyces spp. (53%), Aspergillus spp. (52%) and Exserohilum spp. (42%). The application of citrus extract inhibited fungal incidence (15–31.7%) compared to neem extract (33.3–93.3%) and the control (96.7–98.3%). The application of citrus extract resulted in a higher (74.7–82.8%) field germination rate compared to neem extract (62.3–73.2%) and the control (65.5–69.2%). The citrus extract was the most efficient treatment in reducing the incidence of fungi and enhancing the seed germination and vigour of pearl millet.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2311-7524
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae9101075
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2813983-5
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Screening of 25 cowpea genotypes for resistance to Megalurothrips sjostedti Trybom in southern Ghana
    Agricultural Research Communication Center ; 2019
    In:  LEGUME RESEARCH - AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL , No. of ( 2019-09-23)
    Details
    In: LEGUME RESEARCH - AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL, Agricultural Research Communication Center, , No. of ( 2019-09-23)
    Abstract: In sub-Saharan Africa, Megalurothrips sjostedti Trybom are the most destructive insect pest of cowpea. It causes approximately 100% reduction in cowpea yield. Synthetic insecticides are widely used in controlling this pest, however, health and environmental hazards are another challenge. This study sought to evaluate 25 cowpea genotypes from Ghana, Mali, Nigeria, Niger, Burkina Faso, Togo and South-Sudan for resistance to this pest under field screening using a 5 by 5 alpha lattice design with 2 checks at University of Ghana farms. The results revealed Laduni 1B as resistant, 20 moderately resistant and 4 susceptible genotypes were also identified in this study. In the determination of correlated and non-correlated variables, ten traits were reported important to the resistance of cowpea genotypes to flower bud thrips. The genotypes with resistance could be used to introgress the resistant trait into other preferred but susceptible cowpea varieties.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0976-0571 , 0250-5371
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.18805/LR-477
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Agricultural Research Communication Center
    Publication Date: 2019
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Identifying Sorghum Yield Limiting Factors and Farmer’s Criteria Traits in East and Northern West Niger
    Scientific Research Publishing, Inc. ; 2022
    In:  OALib Vol. 09, No. 12 ( 2022), p. 1-17
    Details
    In: OALib, Scientific Research Publishing, Inc., Vol. 09, No. 12 ( 2022), p. 1-17
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2333-9721 , 2333-9705
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.4236/oalib.1109543
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Scientific Research Publishing, Inc.
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2777820-4
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Enhancing cowpea production through breeding efforts for aphid (aphis crassivora koch) resistance: a review
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2023
    In:  Euphytica Vol. 219, No. 1 ( 2023-01)
    Details
    In: Euphytica, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 219, No. 1 ( 2023-01)
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0014-2336 , 1573-5060
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1007/s10681-022-03140-7
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2012322-X
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 21
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Viability of Deficit Irrigation Pre-Exposure in Adapting Robusta Coffee to Drought Stress
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Agronomy Vol. 13, No. 3 ( 2023-02-25), p. 674-
    Details
    In: Agronomy, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 3 ( 2023-02-25), p. 674-
    Abstract: Coffea canephora has high but inadequately exploited genetic diversity. This diversity, if well exploited, can sustain coffee productivity amidst climate change effects. Drought and heat stress are major global threats to coffee productivity, quality, and tradable volumes. It is not well understood if there is a selectable variation for drought stress tolerance in Robusta coffee half-sibs as a result of watering deficit pre-exposure at the germination stage. Half-sib seeds from selected commercial clones (KR5, KR6, KR7) and a pipeline clone X1 were primed with deficit watering at two growth stages followed by recovery and later evaluated for tolerance to watering deficit stress in three different temperature environments by estimation of plant growth and wilt parameters. Overall, the KR7 family performed the best in terms of the number of individuals excelling for tolerance to deficit watering. In order of decreasing tolerance, the 10 most promising individuals for drought and heat tolerance were identified as: 14.KR7.2, 25.X1.1, 35.KR5.5, 36.KR5.6, 41.KR7.5, 46.KR6.4, 47.KR6.5, 291.X1.3, 318.X1.3, and 15.KR7.3. This is the first prospect into the potential of C. canephora half-sibs’ diversity as an unbound source of genetic variation for abiotic stress tolerance breeding.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4395
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/agronomy13030674
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2607043-1
    SSG: 23
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Elucidation of the Genetic Diversity within Some In Situ Shea Germplasm in Ghana
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Agronomy Vol. 13, No. 9 ( 2023-08-28), p. 2256-
    Details
    In: Agronomy, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 9 ( 2023-08-28), p. 2256-
    Abstract: Shea is an agroforestry tree species known primarily for its rich butter, which contains stearin and tocopherol, and has ultraviolet ray absorption property; it is used in cooking, body care and traditional medicines. This tree is, however, uncultivated and collection of its nuts by rural dwellers is threatened by increased urbanization with its accompanying land use pressure and the need for fuel wood for rural households. There is also increased demand for shea products worldwide necessitating the need for shea improvement strategies. At the apex of this improvement program lies the need for germplasm collection, characterization, conservation and utilization. In order to conserve elite shea materials amidst dwindling shea populations threatened by climate change, there is a need to develop shea germplasm banks based on the representation of genetic and phenotypic variation focusing on known traits. The objective of the study was to evaluate 282 shea accessions for germplasm conservation and to determine the genetic diversity of the collected materials to inform future collections and drive crop improvement strategies. Leaf traits were used to differentiate and group the selected materials. Leaf length ranged between 16.83 cm and 30.85 cm, and leaf blade length ranged between 12.28 cm and 20.68 cm. Petiole length varied between 5.53 cm and 10.2 cm and the blade to petiole ratio was from 1.41 to 2.69. Correlation studies revealed significant negative correlation between the latitude of collection and all leaf traits measured. There was significant positive correlation between blade length and petiole length (0.57), blade length and total leaf length (0.87) and petiole length and breadth (0.49). The collected materials were grouped at 90% into two, based on the morphological descriptors studied. Three different approaches were employed to genetically analyze the materials based on single nucleotide polymorphic markers (SNP). A phylogenetic tree was constructed based on the SNPs generated; this grouped the materials into three, with various subgroups. Principal coordinate analysis also produced three distinct groups with groupings not based on geographical area of collection. Discriminant analysis of principal components (DAPC) also confirmed three groupings. The genetic diversity of the collection was very low (Hs) = 0.0406, which is an indication of potential inbreeding within the shea populations. To conclude, there was higher variation within locations than between locations.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4395
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/agronomy13092256
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2607043-1
    SSG: 23
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Evaluation of Traits’ Performance Contributing to Drought Tolerance in Sorghum
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Agronomy Vol. 11, No. 9 ( 2021-08-26), p. 1698-
    Details
    In: Agronomy, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 9 ( 2021-08-26), p. 1698-
    Abstract: Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor [L.] Moench) is an important food crop for people in semi-arid Africa. The crop is affected by post-flowering drought; therefore, the study was conducted to screen traits contributing to drought tolerance using BC2F4 sorghum genotypes in stressed and unstressed water conditions in a split-plot design. Water stress (0 mm/day) was applied at post-flowering to plant maturity in water-stressed treatment. The genotype SE438 produced the highest grain yield (2.65 ton ha−1) in water-stressed environment and NA316C yielded highest (3.42 ton ha−1) under well-watered (7 mm/day) environment. There were significant differences of most traits evaluated at p 〈 0.01 across environments. The mean squares of traits for genotypes by environments revealed interactions at p 〈 0.05 and p 〈 0.01. The indices geometric mean productivity (GMP) and mean productivity (MP) were highly correlated with yield under well-watered (YP) and water-stressed condition (YS) and each other. The first principal axis (PC1) explained 59.1% of the total variation. It is the best indicator of yield potential and drought tolerance of sorghum genotypes in this study. Therefore, further improvement is needed to strengthen drought tolerance and yield in sorghum.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4395
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/agronomy11091698
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2607043-1
    SSG: 23
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Data_Sheet_3.xlsx
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2022
    In:  Frontiers in Plant Science Vol. 13 ( 2022-8-5)
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Plant Science, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 13 ( 2022-8-5)
    Abstract: Unique variants are desired in the development of genetically improved crops to meet farmer and market needs hence ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS) was used to induce genetic variability in cowpea ( Vigna unguiculata cv. Asontem ). The main objective of this research was to characterize induced variations in EMS chemically mutagenized population of cowpea ( Vigna unguiculata L. Walp Var. Asontem) in the M 1 and M 2 generations. The optimum concentration (LD50) of EMS for generating the mutagenized population was determined by treating seeds with different concentrations of EMS (0.0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, and 0.8% v/v) and observing the germination count after 5 days of planting the seeds in Petri dishes. Three thousand cowpea seeds were treated with the 0.4% EMS to generate the M 1 and M 2 populations that were evaluated for agronomic and morphological traits with untreated seeds serving as control. Data analysis involved distribution of qualitative and quantitative traits. Germination was significantly reduced in the mutagenized population (17.8%) and compared with that of the wild type (61.6%). Percentage survival was significantly higher in wild type (98.38%) as compared with the M 1 population (78.46%). Percentage germination in the M 2 population (74.03%) was lower than the wild type (80%). A wide spectrum of agro-morphological abnormalities was observed in the M 2 population. Wide variations and uniquely different phenotypic classes were observed in leaf color, leaf shape, growth habit, plant pigmentation, twining tendency, pod curvature, seed shape, and seed coat color. M 2 individuals were widely distributed for days to flowering, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, number of locules per pods, percentage seed set, pod length and number of seeds per plant. In conclusion, the EMS mutagenesis was effective in inducing the unique variations that will be useful for breeding and development of new farmer preferred varieties.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1664-462X
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.952247
    DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.952247.s001
    DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.952247.s002
    DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.952247.s003
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2687947-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2613694-6
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Sorghum Production Constraints, Trait Preferences, and Strategies to Combat Drought in Tanzania
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Sustainability Vol. 13, No. 23 ( 2021-11-23), p. 12942-
    Details
    In: Sustainability, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 23 ( 2021-11-23), p. 12942-
    Abstract: Sorghum is an important food crop for people in drought-prone areas of the world. The production in Tanzania has been ≤1 t ha−1 for a decade. The study was conducted in Iramba, Ikungi, and Kongwa districts to identify factors influencing the sorghum production, adoption rate, and strategies to address drought in Tanzania. The study involved 240 respondents for individual interviews and focus group discussions. Thirty respondents participated in individual interviews while ten farmers participated in the focus group discussion per village. Our study found that birds, poor soil fertility, and drought were the major constraints across the study districts. Drought tolerance, high yield, and early maturity were the most preferred traits by farmers across the study areas. Farmers addressed drought stress in sorghum by practicing early planting early maturing varieties in November and using drought-tolerant varieties. However, most farmers failed to name the diseases and pests affecting sorghum. This study highlights basic information for plant breeders to incorporate traits preferred by farmers in breeding programs when developing new sorghum varieties for sustainable production. The study shows the importance of involving farmers to identify the problems and solutions of sorghum production to increase the adoption rate.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2071-1050
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/su132312942
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518383-7
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