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  • 1
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    Online Resource
    Hand eczema and wet work: dose–response relationship and effect of leaving the profession
    Wiley ; 2018
    In:  Contact Dermatitis Vol. 78, No. 5 ( 2018-05), p. 341-347
    Details
    In: Contact Dermatitis, Wiley, Vol. 78, No. 5 ( 2018-05), p. 341-347
    Abstract: Wet work is an important risk factor for occupational hand eczema. Objectives To examine the effect of job change in workers with occupational hand eczema caused by wet work, and to evaluate the dose–response relationship between intensity of wet work and eczema. Method The study is based on a subgroup (n = 954) from a descriptive, registry‐based study including all participants with occupational hand eczema caused by wet work recognized by the Danish Labour Market Insurance Authority in 2010 and 2011. A follow‐up questionnaire was sent out 4–5 years later (response 58%). Results Change of profession and being outside the labour market had a positive effect on healing and improvement of hand eczema. Inverse dose–response relationships were found between the amount of time spent with wet hands at work and healing ( p  = 0.001) and improvement ( p   〈  0.001), and between the frequency of hand washing at work and healing ( p  = 0.013) and improvement ( p   〈  0.001). Conclusions Leaving the profession has a positive effect on eczema; however, even minor changes in exposure to wet work were associated with healing and improvement. This information has implications with respect to advice given to patients with occupational hand eczema caused by wet work.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0105-1873 , 1600-0536
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/cod.2018.78.issue-5
    DOI: 10.1111/cod.12934
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2018
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  • 2
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    What do patients with occupational hand eczema know about skin care?
    Wiley ; 2013
    In:  Contact Dermatitis Vol. 69, No. 2 ( 2013-08), p. 93-98
    Details
    In: Contact Dermatitis, Wiley, Vol. 69, No. 2 ( 2013-08), p. 93-98
    Abstract: The aim of the present study was to examine the knowledge of skin care and treatment of hand eczema ( HE ) in a sample of patients with newly reported occupational HE . Materials and methods A questionnaire consisting of 13 questions about knowledge of skin care and treatment of HE was sent to all patients with occupational HE reported to the National Board of Industrial Injuries in the period 1 January 2010 to 31 March 2010. Results Three hundred and seventy individuals, 269 females and 101 males, with a mean age of 39.9 years, responded to the questionnaire (response rate of 73%). The overall percentage of correct answers was 73%. Variables significantly influencing the level of knowledge were sex and age, with a need for more information in males and in patients above the age of 50 years. No significant influence of level of education, eczema activity, previous information about HE , previous or current atopic eczema or dermatology life quality index ( DLQI ) was found. Conclusion There is still potential for improvement of the level of knowledge among patients with occupational HE . Special attention should be paid to males and patients above the age of 50 years.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0105-1873 , 1600-0536
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/cod.2013.69.issue-2
    DOI: 10.1111/cod.12060
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2013
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  • 3
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    Hand eczema patients’ knowledge of skin protection following a guided talk—A retrospective study with a follow‐up questionnaire
    Wiley ; 2019
    In:  Contact Dermatitis Vol. 81, No. 2 ( 2019-08), p. 117-123
    Details
    In: Contact Dermatitis, Wiley, Vol. 81, No. 2 ( 2019-08), p. 117-123
    Abstract: Several studies have assessed the effect of patient education regarding hand eczema (HE) severity and quality of life. Few studies, however, have evaluated patients’ knowledge. Objectives To examine knowledge of skin protection in HE patients following a guided talk, and to identify variables associated with knowledge. Methods HE patients referred to the outpatient dermatological clinic, Bispebjerg Hospital, between January 2013 and July 2014 were offered a guided talk on HE prevention. HE severity and the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) score were assessed. A questionnaire comprising 10 questions about skin protection was sent 1 to 2.5 years later. Results One hundred and twenty patients responded to the questionnaire (response 53.5%). The mean percentage of correct answers was 74.7%. Sixty per cent responded correctly to at least eight questions. Male sex, older age and education for 〉 5 years were associated with a low level of knowledge. Education for 3 to 4 years ( P  = 0.045) was associated with a higher level of knowledge. No significant impact of previous/current atopic dermatitis, HE severity or previous information on skin protection was found with respect to level of knowledge. Conclusions Females and patients with education for 3 to 4 years showed the highest level of knowledge, whereas males, older patients and patients with education for 〉 5 years should be brought more into focus in skin protection programmes.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0105-1873 , 1600-0536
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/cod.2019.81.issue-2
    DOI: 10.1111/cod.13264
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2019
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  • 4
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    Occupational allergic contact dermatitis in a 2‐year follow‐up study: how well does the patient remember the result of patch testing?
    Wiley ; 2016
    In:  Contact Dermatitis Vol. 75, No. 1 ( 2016-07), p. 41-47
    Details
    In: Contact Dermatitis, Wiley, Vol. 75, No. 1 ( 2016-07), p. 41-47
    Abstract: Patch testing is mandatory for diagnosing contact dermatitis. It is, however, crucial that patients understand and remember the result of the test. Objectives The aim of our study was to evaluate the impact of patch testing with respect to patients' ability to remember patch test results and the results of natural rubber latex protein allergy after 2 years. Methods One hundred and ninety‐nine patients diagnosed with relevant occupational epoxy or rubber chemical contact allergy, or allergy to natural rubber latex protein, were invited to participate in a questionnaire study about their knowledge of contact allergies after 2 years. Results The response rate was 75%. Of the respondents, 13% did not remember their occupational contact allergy to rubber chemicals or epoxy. Ability to remember was not significantly influenced by sex or Dermatology Life Quality Index, but was decreased by age 〉 60 years ( p 〈 0.01). Of patients with an additional contact allergy, 〈 36% remembered this correctly. Of patients allergic to natural rubber latex proteins, 50% remembered this correctly. Conclusions The impact of patch testing depends on the patients' ability to understand and remember the results of the test. Attention should be drawn to the importance of this, and patients with increased need for information should be identified.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0105-1873 , 1600-0536
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/cod.2016.75.issue-1
    DOI: 10.1111/cod.12560
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2016
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  • 5
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    Occupational hand eczema and/or contact urticaria: factors associated with change of profession or not remaining in the workforce
    Wiley ; 2018
    In:  Contact Dermatitis Vol. 78, No. 1 ( 2018-01), p. 55-63
    Details
    In: Contact Dermatitis, Wiley, Vol. 78, No. 1 ( 2018-01), p. 55-63
    Abstract: Occupational hand eczema and/or contact urticaria may have social consequences such as change of profession or not remaining in the workforce. Objectives To identify factors associated with job change in a cohort of participants with recognised occupational hand eczema/contact urticaria Methods A registry‐based study including 2703 employees with recognised occupational hand eczema/contact urticaria in Denmark in 2010/2011. Four to five years later the participants received a follow‐up questionnaire, comprising questions on current job situation (response rate 58.0%). Results At follow‐up, 51.3% of the participants were no longer in the same profession. 32.5% had changed profession and 18.8% were no longer in employment. Change of profession was associated with young age, positive patch test, low educational level and severity of hand eczema/contact urticaria. With regard to specific professions, cleaning personnel changed profession significantly more often than other workers [71.4% (OR = 2.26)], health care workers significantly less often than other workers [34.0% (OR = 0.36)] . Conclusion Job change occurs frequently during the first years after recognition of occupational hand eczema/contact urticaria and more often among patients with positive patch test reactions, with severe hand eczema/contact urticaria. Whether job changes improve the prognosis of occupational hand eczema/contact urticaria remains to be established.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0105-1873 , 1600-0536
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/cod.2018.78.issue-1
    DOI: 10.1111/cod.12869
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2018
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  • 6
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    Colonization with Staphylococcus aureus in patients with hand eczema: Prevalence and association with severity, atopic dermatitis, subtype and nasal colonization
    Wiley ; 2020
    In:  Contact Dermatitis Vol. 83, No. 6 ( 2020-12), p. 442-449
    Details
    In: Contact Dermatitis, Wiley, Vol. 83, No. 6 ( 2020-12), p. 442-449
    Abstract: While Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) colonization has been thoroughly studied in atopic dermatitis (AD), where S. aureus is related to flares and considered a trigger factor, S. aureus colonization in hand eczema (HE) has only been sparsely studied. Objectives To examine the 1‐week prevalence of S. aureus colonization in HE patients, and its association with severity, HE subtype, AD, and nasal S. aureus colonization compared with healthy controls. Methods In a case‐control study of 50 adult HE patients and 50 healthy controls, bacterial swabs from lesional skin (patients only), non‐lesional skin (dorsal hand), and the nasal cavity were sampled for culturing of S. aureus on days 1, 3, 5 and 8. Participants were characterized by demographics, AD, HE subtype, filaggrin gene mutation status, and HE severity. Results Twenty‐seven HE patients (54%) were colonized with S. aureus on the hand compared to one control (2%) ( P 〈  .01). Nasal S. aureus colonization was found in 72% of patients and 22% of controls ( P 〈  .01). For patients, S. aureus colonization on the hands was associated with an atopic HE subtype and HE severity ( P = .01 and P 〈  .01, respectively). Conclusions Both hand and nasal S. aureus colonization were highly prevalent among HE‐patients and may have an impact on the persistence of HE.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0105-1873 , 1600-0536
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/cod.v83.6
    DOI: 10.1111/cod.13679
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2020
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  • 7
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    Assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon exposure, lung function, systemic inflammation, and genotoxicity in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from firefighters before and after a work shift
    Wiley ; 2018
    In:  Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis Vol. 59, No. 6 ( 2018-07), p. 539-548
    Details
    In: Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis, Wiley, Vol. 59, No. 6 ( 2018-07), p. 539-548
    Abstract: Firefighting is regarded as possibly carcinogenic, although there are few mechanistic studies on genotoxicity in humans. We investigated exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), lung function, systemic inflammation and genotoxicity in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of 22 professional firefighters before and after a 24‐h work shift. Exposure was assessed by measurements of particulate matter (PM), PAH levels on skin, urinary 1‐hydroxypyrene (1‐OHP) and self‐reported participation in fire extinguishing activities. PM measurements indicated that use of personal protective equipment (PPE) effectively prevented inhalation exposure, but exposure to PM occurred when the environment was perceived as safe and the self‐contained breathing apparatuses were removed. The level of PAH on skin and urinary 1‐OHP concentration were similar before and after the work shift, irrespective of self‐reported participation in fire extinction activities. Post‐shift, the subjects had reduced levels of oxidatively damaged DNA in PBMC, and increased plasma concentration of vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM‐1). The subjects reporting participation in fire extinction activities during the work shift had a slightly decreased lung function, increased plasma concentration of VCAM‐1, and reduced levels of oxidatively damaged DNA in PBMC. Our results suggest that the firefighters were not exposed to PM while using PPE, but exposure occurred when PPE was not used. The work shift was not associated with increased levels of genotoxicity. Increased levels of VCAM‐1 in plasma were observed. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 59:539–548, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0893-6692 , 1098-2280
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/em.v59.6
    DOI: 10.1002/em.22193
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1497682-1
    SSG: 12
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  • 8
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    Associations between lifestyle factors and hand eczema severity: are tobacco smoking, obesity and stress significantly linked to eczema severity?
    Wiley ; 2017
    In:  Contact Dermatitis Vol. 76, No. 3 ( 2017-03), p. 138-145
    Details
    In: Contact Dermatitis, Wiley, Vol. 76, No. 3 ( 2017-03), p. 138-145
    Abstract: It has been suggested that lifestyle factors such as smoking, overweight and stress may influence the prevalence and severity of hand eczema. Objectives To investigate the association between lifestyle factors and hand eczema severity in a cohort of patients with work‐related hand eczema. Methods Individuals with work‐related hand eczema notified in the period between June 2012 and November 2013 were included in this questionnaire‐based cross‐sectional study. Participants responded to a questionnaire including questions on lifestyle factors, as well as a photographic guide for assessment of severity of hand eczema and questions on quality of life. Results A total of 773 individuals (546 women and 227 men) responded to the questionnaire and were included in the study. A strong association was found between tobacco smoking and hand eczema severity ( p = 0.003), whereas no significant association was found for body weight and stress. Other factors linked to severe eczema were male sex and older age ( p = 0.04 and p = 0.01, respectively), and wet work ( p = 0.08). Conclusion The data from the present study strongly support an association between smoking and hand eczema severity. However, owing to the cross‐sectional design of the study, no conclusion on causation can be drawn.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0105-1873 , 1600-0536
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/cod.2017.76.issue-3
    DOI: 10.1111/cod.12674
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2017
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  • 9
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    An update on the prevalence and risk exposures associated with hand eczema in Danish hospital employees: A cross‐sectional questionnaire‐based study
    Wiley ; 2022
    In:  Contact Dermatitis Vol. 86, No. 2 ( 2022-02), p. 89-97
    Details
    In: Contact Dermatitis, Wiley, Vol. 86, No. 2 ( 2022-02), p. 89-97
    Abstract: Hand eczema (HE) is common in health care workers (HCWs). During the last decade, new recommendations have supported increased use of alcohol‐based hand rub (ABHR) to partially replace hand washings to lower the prevalence of HE. However, newer data on this recommendation is lacking. Objectives To assess current 1‐year prevalence of HE in HCWs, to investigate exposure, and the extent of subjective discomfort to hand washings and ABHR. Methods A digital questionnaire was sent to 4876 HCWs from April to May 2020. Results Of 2125 respondents (1779 women, 346 men), 14.7% reported HE within the last year. In total, 9.1% reported 〉 20 hand washings per shift and 76.0% reported ABHR use 〉 20 times per shift. HE was significantly associated with hand washings (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 1.73 [95% confidence interval [CI] 1.26‐2.36]) and glove use on wet skin (adjusted OR 1.99 [95% CI 1.27‐3.12] ). Subjective discomfort to ABHR was reported significantly more often than to hand washings ( P   〈  .001) and significantly more often in HCWs with HE than in those without HE ( P   〈  .001). Conclusions The current 1‐year HE prevalence in HCWs of 14.7% was lower than in previously reported Scandinavian data. HE was related to frequent hand washings, as previously reported, and to glove use on wet skin, which is a possible risk factor for HE that should be further explored.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0105-1873 , 1600-0536
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/cod.v86.2
    DOI: 10.1111/cod.13990
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2022
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  • 10
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    Impact of hand eczema on quality of life: metropolitan versus non‐metropolitan areas
    Wiley ; 2018
    In:  Contact Dermatitis Vol. 78, No. 5 ( 2018-05), p. 348-354
    Details
    In: Contact Dermatitis, Wiley, Vol. 78, No. 5 ( 2018-05), p. 348-354
    Abstract: An inverse relationship between disease severity and health‐related quality of life (HR‐QoL) in patients with hand eczema is well established, but modifying effects of demographic variables have been less well studied. Objective To identify the influence of metropolitan versus non‐metropolitan residence on the relationship between disease severity and HR‐QoL in patients with occupational hand eczema. Methods The city of Copenhagen and the rest of Zealand were defined as metropolitan and non‐metropolitan areas, respectively. Participants were 773 persons with occupational hand eczema. A questionnaire on the severity of hand eczema and HR‐QoL was sent to all participants. Results The odds for reporting moderate to high severity of occupational hand eczema were significantly lower in the metropolitan population than in the non‐metropolitan population [odds ratio (OR): 0.42; 95%CI: 0.23–0.75] , whereas low dermatology‐related quality of life was more prevalent in metropolitan than in non‐metropolitan patients (OR: 1.31; 95%CI: 0.83–2.05), indicating that hand eczema had a more pronounced negative effect in metropolitan patients, in spite of less severe eczema. Conclusion Our data indicate that area of residence has a modifying effect on the relationship between disease severity and HR‐QoL, with a more negative impact on HR‐QoL in metropolitan than in non‐metropolitan areas. This information is important with respect to fully appreciating the burden of occupational hand eczema.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0105-1873 , 1600-0536
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/cod.2018.78.issue-5
    DOI: 10.1111/cod.12962
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2018
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