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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Intestinal drug transporters in pathological states: an overview
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2020
    In:  Pharmacological Reports Vol. 72, No. 5 ( 2020-10), p. 1173-1194
    Details
    In: Pharmacological Reports, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 72, No. 5 ( 2020-10), p. 1173-1194
    Abstract: Emerging information suggests that gastrointestinal and systemic pathology states may affect expression and function of membrane transporters in the gastrointestinal tract. Altered status of the transporters could affect drug as well as endogenous compounds handling with subsequent clinical consequences. It seems that in some pathologies, e.g., liver or kidney failure, changes in the intestinal transporter function provide compensatory functions, eliminating substrates excreted by dysfunctional organs. A literature search was conducted on Ovid and Pubmed databases to select relevant in vitro, animal and human studies that have reported expression, protein abundance and function of intestinal drug transporters. The accumulated data suggest that gastrointestinal pathology (inflammatory bowel disease, celiac disease, cholestasis) as well as systemic pathologies (kidney failure, liver failure, hyperthyroidism, hyperparathyroidism, obesity, diabetes mellitus, systemic inflammation and Alzheimer disease) may affect drug transporter expression and function in the gastrointestinal tract. The altered status of drug transporters may provide compensatory activity in handling endogenous compounds, affect local drug actions in the gastrointestinal tract as well as impact drug bioavailability. Graphic abstract
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1734-1140 , 2299-5684
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1007/s43440-020-00139-6
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2129019-2
    SSG: 15,3
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  • 2
    Online Resource
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    CYP2A6 polymorphism in chronic periodontitis
    Termedia Sp. z.o.o. ; 2012
    In:  Journal of Stomatology (Czasopismo Stomatologiczne) Vol. 65, No. 5 ( 2012-8-22), p. 654-666
    Details
    In: Journal of Stomatology (Czasopismo Stomatologiczne), Termedia Sp. z.o.o., Vol. 65, No. 5 ( 2012-8-22), p. 654-666
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0011-4553 , 2299-551X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.5604/00114553.1007598
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Termedia Sp. z.o.o.
    Publication Date: 2012
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3031365-X
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  • 3
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    Online Resource
    Extrahepatic Drug Transporters in Liver Failure: Focus on Kidney and Gastrointestinal Tract
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 21, No. 16 ( 2020-08-10), p. 5737-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 21, No. 16 ( 2020-08-10), p. 5737-
    Abstract: Emerging information suggests that liver pathological states may affect the expression and function of membrane transporters in the gastrointestinal tract and the kidney. Altered status of the transporters could affect drug as well as endogenous compounds handling with subsequent clinical consequences. It seems that changes in intestinal and kidney transporter functions provide the compensatory activity of eliminating endogenous compounds (e.g., bile acids) generated and accumulated due to liver dysfunction. A literature search was conducted on the Ovid and PubMed databases to select relevant in vitro, animal and human studies that have reported expression, protein abundance and function of the gastrointestinal and kidney operating ABC (ATP-binding cassette) transporters and SLC (solute carriers) carriers. The accumulated data suggest that liver failure-associated transporter alterations in the gastrointestinal tract and kidney may affect drug pharmacokinetics. The altered status of drug transporters in those organs in liver dysfunction conditions may provide compensatory activity in handling endogenous compounds, affecting local drug actions as well as drug pharmacokinetics.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165737
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 4
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    Membrane Transporters in Human Parotid Gland-Targeted Proteomics Approach
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 20, No. 19 ( 2019-09-28), p. 4825-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 20, No. 19 ( 2019-09-28), p. 4825-
    Abstract: Salivary glands provide secretory functions, including secretion of xenobiotics and among them drugs. However, there is no published information about protein abundance of drug transporters measured using reliable protein quantification methods. Therefore, mRNA expression and absolute protein content of clinically relevant ABC (n = 6) and SLC (n = 15) family member transporters in the human parotid gland, using the qRT-PCR and liquid chromatography‒tandem mass spectrometry (LC−MS/MS) method, were studied. The abundance of nearly all measured proteins ranged between 0.04 and 0.45 pmol/mg (OCT3 〉 MRP1 〉 PEPT2 〉 MRP4 〉 MATE1 〉 BCRP). mRNAs of ABCB1, ABCC2, ABCC3, SLC10A1, SLC10A2, SLC22A1, SLC22A5, SLC22A6, SLC22A7, SLC22A8, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B1, SLCO1B3 and SLCO2B1 were not detected. The present study provides, for the first time, information about the protein abundance of membrane transporters in the human parotid gland, which could further be used to define salivary bidirectional transport (absorption and secretion) mechanisms of endogenous compounds and xenobiotics.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms20194825
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
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  • 5
    Online Resource
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    Matrix Metalloproteinase‐1 Gene Polymorphism in Renal Transplant Patients With and Without Gingival Enlargement
    Wiley ; 2006
    In:  Journal of Periodontology Vol. 77, No. 9 ( 2006-09), p. 1498-1502
    Details
    In: Journal of Periodontology, Wiley, Vol. 77, No. 9 ( 2006-09), p. 1498-1502
    Abstract: Background: Gingival enlargement frequently occurs in transplant patients receiving immunosuppressive drugs. It was hypothesized that gingival enlargement associated with cyclosporin use results in a disturbance of the homeostatic balance, which is characterized by an increase in the number of fibroblasts and volume of the extracellular matrix. Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) serves as an initiator of extracellular matrix destruction. The aim of this study was to determine whether there is an association between genotypes of the MMP‐1 gene and gingival enlargement in kidney transplant patients. Methods: Sixty‐one unrelated kidney transplant patients with gingival enlargement and 121 control transplant patients without enlargement were enrolled in the study. Six months after transplantation, all patients were given medication, which included cyclosporin A, and gingival enlargement was assessed. MMP‐1 polymorphism was determined using the polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR‐RFLP) assay. Results: In kidney transplant patients with gingival enlargement, the mean score of gingival enlargement was 1.42 ± 0.63, whereas in control subjects, it was 0.0. There were no significant differences in the frequency of −1607 1G 〉 2G alleles and genotypes between patients with and without gingival enlargement. In all subjects (N = 182) and in patients without gingival enlargement, the genotype distribution met Hardy‐Weinberg equilibrium criteria, whereas in patients with gingival enlargement, it was markedly different ( P 〈 0.06). There was a trend for carriers of at least the 1G allele to have an increased risk of gingival enlargement, but the trend was not statistically significant (odds ratio, 2.32; P 〈 0.073). Conclusion: No association between the MMP‐1 gene polymorphism and gingival enlargement was revealed in kidney transplant patients who were administered cyclosporin A as a principal immunosuppressive agent.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-3492 , 1943-3670
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1902/jop.2006.050409
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2006
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2040047-0
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Impact of kidney dysfunction on hepatic and intestinal drug transporters
    Elsevier BV ; 2021
    In:  Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy Vol. 143 ( 2021-11), p. 112125-
    Details
    In: Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, Elsevier BV, Vol. 143 ( 2021-11), p. 112125-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0753-3322
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112125
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1501510-5
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  • 7
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    Oral Pathology in COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-2 Infection—Molecular Aspects
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 23, No. 3 ( 2022-01-27), p. 1431-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 23, No. 3 ( 2022-01-27), p. 1431-
    Abstract: This review article was designed to evaluate the existing evidence related to the molecular processes of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the oral cavity. The World Health Organization stated that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and transmission is produced by respiratory droplets and aerosols from the oral cavity of infected patients. The oral cavity structures, keratinized and non-keratinized mucosa, and salivary glands’ epithelia express SARS-CoV-2 entry and transmission factors, especially angiotensin converting enzyme Type 2 (ACE2) and transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2). Replication of the virus in cells leads to local and systemic infection spread, and cellular damage is associated with clinical signs and symptoms of the disease in the oral cavity. Saliva, both the cellular and acellular fractions, holds the virus particles and contributes to COVID-19 transmission. The review also presents information about the factors modifying SARS-CoV-2 infection potential and possible local pharmacotherapeutic interventions, which may confine SARS-CoV-2 virus entry and transmission in the oral cavity. The PubMed and Scopus databases were used to search for suitable keywords such as: SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, oral virus infection, saliva, crevicular fluid, salivary gland, tongue, oral mucosa, periodontium, gingiva, dental pulp, ACE2, TMPRSS2, Furin, diagnosis, topical treatment, vaccine and related words in relevant publications up to 28 December 2021. Data extraction and quality evaluation of the articles were performed by two reviewers, and 63 articles were included in the final review.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031431
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 8
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    Online Resource
    Drug-Induced Gingival Overgrowth—Molecular Aspects of Drug Actions
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 24, No. 6 ( 2023-03-13), p. 5448-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 24, No. 6 ( 2023-03-13), p. 5448-
    Abstract: Drug-induced gingival overgrowth (DIGO) is one of the side effects produced by therapeutic agents, most commonly phenytoin, nifedipine and cyclosporin A. However, the precise mechanism of DIGO is not entirely understood. A literature search of the MEDLINE/PubMed databases was conducted to identify the mechanisms involved in DIGO. The available information suggests that the pathogenesis of DIGO is multifactorial, but common pathogenic sequelae of events emerge, i.e., sodium and calcium channel antagonism or disturbed intracellular handling of calcium, which finally lead to reductions in intracellular folic acid levels. Disturbed cellular functions, mainly in keratinocytes and fibroblasts, result in increased collagen and glycosaminoglycans accumulation in the extracellular matrix. Dysregulation of collagenase activity, as well as integrins and membrane receptors, are key mechanisms of reduced degradation or excessive synthesis of connective tissue components. This manuscript describes the cellular and molecular factors involved in the epithelial–mesenchymal transition and extracellular matrix remodeling triggered by agents producing DIGO.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065448
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 9
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    Evaluation of Gingival Phenotype in the Early Transitional Dentition Phase in Children—Comparison of Three Non-Invasive Methods
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Journal of Clinical Medicine Vol. 12, No. 18 ( 2023-09-11), p. 5897-
    Details
    In: Journal of Clinical Medicine, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 18 ( 2023-09-11), p. 5897-
    Abstract: Gingival phenotype (GP) is determined based on the thickness and width of the gingival tissue. An evaluation of GP is essential for adequate treatment planning and outcome monitoring, including orthodontic treatments in a paediatric population. The present study aimed to compare the reliability of the visual and TRAN methods with that of the ultrasound biometer measurements in the early transitional dentition phase. One hundred ninety three generally healthy, 7-year-old children were examined. An assessment of GP was performed by a paedodontist and a periodontist. The average thickness of the gingiva was 0.76 ± 0.36 mm, which was classified as a thin GP. The agreement between a visual assessment and the biometric ultrasound measurements reached the highest (94%) level when assessing a very thin GP (Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient r = 0.37, p 〈 0.01). Similarly, 99% agreement in the diagnosis of a thin GP was recorded for the TRAN and ultrasound methods (Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient r = 0.49, p 〈 0.001). In total, 86% of cases diagnosed as having a thick GP using the TRAN method turned out to be thin according to the ultrasound measurements. The dentist’s specialization and professional experience in the assessment of GP were irrelevant (Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient r = 0.49, p 〈 0.001). All methods tested in the present study were proven to be easy to perform and well accepted by the children. The visual assessment and TRAN methods, despite the fact that they enabled the diagnosis of a thin GP (crucial for treatment planning), cannot be recommended during the teeth replacement period. A misdiagnosis of thick GP may deprive a young at-risk patient of special supervision, which may develop into mucogingival deformities. A biometric ultrasound, although expensive, allows for reliable assessment of the gingiva thickness when needed.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2077-0383
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jcm12185897
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662592-1
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  • 10
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    Gingival Phenotype Changes and the Prevalence of Mucogingival Deformities during the Early Transitional Dentition Phase—A Two-Year Longitudinal Study
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Vol. 19, No. 7 ( 2022-03-25), p. 3899-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, MDPI AG, Vol. 19, No. 7 ( 2022-03-25), p. 3899-
    Abstract: Thin gingival phenotype (GPh) may contribute to periodontal tissue breakdown and recession development. Thus, the early identification of thin GPh in children can allow proper preventive care and the identification of children at risk during orthodontic treatment. The present long-term study aimed to monitor GPh changes, i.e., thickness (GT) and width of attached gingiva (AGW) during the early transitional dentition phase, as well as its potential associations with the mucogingival deformities. Materials and Methods: 83 systematically healthy children were examined twice with an interval of 2 years. Probing depth, GT and AGW at mandibular incisors, vestibular depth, type of lower lip frenum attachment and mucogingival defects were recorded. Results: 95.2% of participants at baseline and 93.9% at 2-year examination expressed thin GPh. During the transition from the deciduous to permanent dentition, GT and AGW declined, but the GT of permanent incisors already erupted at the baseline examination increased in the observation period. Conclusions: Gingival phenotype undergoes changes in the early transitional dentition phase. In spite of the thin gingival phenotype, only single pseudo-recessions and primary shallow vestibule were noticed.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1660-4601
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19073899
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2175195-X
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