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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Trends in global tropospheric ozone inferred from a composite record of TOMS/OMI/MLS/OMPS satellite measurements and the MERRA-2 GMI simulation
    Copernicus GmbH ; 2019
    In:  Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Vol. 19, No. 5 ( 2019-03-13), p. 3257-3269
    Details
    In: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Copernicus GmbH, Vol. 19, No. 5 ( 2019-03-13), p. 3257-3269
    Abstract: Abstract. Past studies have suggested that ozone in the troposphere has increased globally throughout much of the 20th century due to increases in anthropogenic emissions and transport. We show, by combining satellite measurements with a chemical transport model, that during the last four decades tropospheric ozone does indeed indicate increases that are global in nature, yet still highly regional. Satellite ozone measurements from Nimbus-7 and Earth Probe Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) are merged with ozone measurements from the Aura Ozone Monitoring Instrument/Microwave Limb Sounder (OMI/MLS) to determine trends in tropospheric ozone for 1979–2016. Both TOMS (1979–2005) and OMI/MLS (2005–2016) depict large increases in tropospheric ozone from the Near East to India and East Asia and further eastward over the Pacific Ocean. The 38-year merged satellite record shows total net change over this region of about +6 to +7 Dobson units (DU) (i.e., ∼15 %–20 % of average background ozone), with the largest increase (∼4 DU) occurring during the 2005–2016 Aura period. The Global Modeling Initiative (GMI) chemical transport model with time-varying emissions is used to aid in the interpretation of tropospheric ozone trends for 1980–2016. The GMI simulation for the combined record also depicts the greatest increases of +6 to +7 DU over India and East Asia, very similar to the satellite measurements. In regions of significant increases in tropospheric column ozone (TCO) the trends are a factor of 2–2.5 larger for the Aura record when compared to the earlier TOMS record; for India and East Asia the trends in TCO for both GMI and satellite measurements are ∼+3 DU decade−1 or greater during 2005–2016 compared to about +1.2 to +1.4 DU decade−1 for 1979–2005. The GMI simulation and satellite data also reveal a tropospheric ozone increases in ∼+4 to +5 DU for the 38-year record over central Africa and the tropical Atlantic Ocean. Both the GMI simulation and satellite-measured tropospheric ozone during the latter Aura time period show increases of ∼+3 DU decade−1 over the N Atlantic and NE Pacific.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1680-7324
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.5194/acp-19-3257-2019
    DOI: 10.5194/acp-19-3257-2019-supplement
    Language: English
    Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
    Publication Date: 2019
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Origins of tropospheric ozone interannual variation over Réunion: A model investigation
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 2016
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres Vol. 121, No. 1 ( 2016-01-16), p. 521-537
    Details
    In: Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 121, No. 1 ( 2016-01-16), p. 521-537
    Abstract: The GMI‐CTM Model simulated the main features of the observed ozone IAV over Réunion Stratospheric input plays an important role in the tropospheric ozone IAV over Réunion Changes in emissions have little influence on middle and upper tropospheric ozone over Réunion
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2169-897X , 2169-8996
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/jgrd.v121.1
    DOI: 10.1002/2015JD023981
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 2016
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    SSG: 16,13
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Trajectory modeling of emissions from lower stratospheric aircraft
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 1995
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres Vol. 100, No. D1 ( 1995-01-20), p. 1427-1438
    Details
    In: Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 100, No. D1 ( 1995-01-20), p. 1427-1438
    Abstract: A series of isentropic trajectory calculations has been performed for emissions by stratospheric aircraft moving across the northern midlatitude oceanic flight corridors. Emission of exhaust is simulated by the daily initialization of air parcels along a flight path on the 500 K isentropic surface. Parcels are tracked during the first three weeks of each January from 1980 to 1994 in order to determine the interannual variability in the spatial distribution of the exhaust and the likelihood of exposure to cold temperatures. Few parcels emitted along these flight paths at this time of year were found to have experienced nitric acid trihydrate (NAT) formation temperatures, except for the particularly cold Januarys 1986, 1987, and 1992. We also find that large zonal fluctuations in the distribution of the emissions are typical for this time of year and are strongly dependent on flight path. An extended 6‐month (January–June) run in which parcels were released daily along the New York–London route shows that emissions in the flight corridor increase at a time‐averaged rate which is nearly twice the rate at which the zonal average increases. In addition, local fluctuations of pollutant density can be several times higher than the zonal average and can persist for several weeks. A study of seasonal variability also shows a rapid buildup of emissions during the summer months. These elevated emission levels must be considered in the interpretation of environmental impact assessments based on two‐dimensional transport models.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0148-0227
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1029/94JD02752
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 1995
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    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2969341-X
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    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3094268-8
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 710256-2
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2016804-4
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3094181-7
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3094219-6
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3094167-2
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2220777-6
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3094197-0
    SSG: 16,13
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Change in Tropospheric Ozone in the Recent Decades and Its Contribution to Global Total Ozone
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 2022
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres Vol. 127, No. 22 ( 2022-11-27)
    Details
    In: Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 127, No. 22 ( 2022-11-27)
    Abstract: Global total column ozone increased about 4 DU from 2005 to 2018 and about 60% of this increase due to tropospheric ozone Tropospheric ozone increases depend primarily on increased regional emissions of ozone precursors, for example, volatile organic compounds The Goddard Earth observing system chemistry climate model underestimates the observed tropospheric ozone increase, as a result of underestimated NO 2 emissions increase
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2169-897X , 2169-8996
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1029/2022JD037170
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 2022
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    SSG: 16,13
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Global three‐dimensional constituent fields derived from profile data
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 1990
    In:  Geophysical Research Letters Vol. 17, No. 4 ( 1990-03), p. 525-528
    Details
    In: Geophysical Research Letters, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 17, No. 4 ( 1990-03), p. 525-528
    Abstract: The success of 3D simulations of stratospheric constituent variability depends critically on the initialization of the constituent fields within the global model. We describe a technique for generating global 3D fields from vertical constituent profiles. The technique uses potential vorticity (q) and potential temperature (θ) to map the profiles onto the global domain. The profiles used here are obtained from a 2D model calculation that reproduces the relationship between θ, q, N 2 O and O 3 observed during the Airborne Arctic Stratospheric Expedition (AASE). The method is verified by comparison with satellite data, aircraft data and model simulations.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0094-8276 , 1944-8007
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1029/GL017i004p00525
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 1990
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    detail.hit.zdb_id: 7403-2
    SSG: 16,13
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The effect of representing bromine from VSLS on the simulation and evolution of Antarctic ozone
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 2016
    In:  Geophysical Research Letters Vol. 43, No. 18 ( 2016-09-28), p. 9869-9876
    Details
    In: Geophysical Research Letters, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 43, No. 18 ( 2016-09-28), p. 9869-9876
    Abstract: Including 5 ppt of Br from VSLS reduces biases with observed ozone and BrO Resolves a discrepancy with an observational derived parametric model Causes a decade later recovery of Antarctic ozone to 1980 levels
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0094-8276 , 1944-8007
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/grl.v43.18
    DOI: 10.1002/2016GL070471
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 2016
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2021599-X
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 7403-2
    SSG: 16,13
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Interpretation of nitric oxide profile observed in January 1992 over Kiruna
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 1996
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres Vol. 101, No. D7 ( 1996-05-20), p. 12555-12566
    Details
    In: Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 101, No. D7 ( 1996-05-20), p. 12555-12566
    Abstract: NO mixing ratios measured from Kiruna (68°N, 20°E), Sweden, on January 22, 1992, revealed values much smaller than those observed at midlatitude near equinox and had a sharper vertical gradient around 25 km. Location of the measurements was close to the terminator and near the edge of the polar vortex, which is highly distorted from concentric flow by strong planetary wave activities. These conditions necessitate accurate calculation, properly taking into account the transport and photochemical processes, in order to quantitatively explain the observed NO profile. A three‐dimensional chemistry and transport model (CTM) and a trajectory model (TM) were used to interpret the profile observations within their larger spatial, temporal, and chemical context. The NO y profile calculated by the CTM is in good agreement with that observed on January 31, 1992. In addition, model NO y profiles show small variabilities depending on latitudes, and they change little between January 22 and 31. The TM uses the observed NO y values. The NO values calculated by the CTM and TM agree with observations up to 27 km. Between 20 and 27 km the NO values calculated by the trajectory model including only gas phase chemistry are much larger than those including heterogeneous chemistry, indicating that NO mixing ratios were reduced significantly by heterogeneous chemistry on sulfuric acid aerosols. Very little sunlight to generate NO x from HNO 3 was available, also causing the very low NO values. The good agreement between the observed and modeled NO profiles indicates that models can reproduce the photochemical and transport processes in the region where NO values have a sharp horizontal gradient. Moreover, CTM and TM model results show that even when the NO y gradients are weak, the model NO depends upon accurate calculation of the transport and insolation for several days.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0148-0227
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1029/96JD00578
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 1996
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    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2969341-X
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 161665-1
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3094268-8
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 710256-2
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2016804-4
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    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2220777-6
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3094197-0
    SSG: 16,13
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Estimation of stratospheric age spectrum from chemical tracers
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 2005
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research Vol. 110, No. D21 ( 2005)
    Details
    In: Journal of Geophysical Research, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 110, No. D21 ( 2005)
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0148-0227
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1029/2005JD006125
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 2005
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    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3094104-0
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2130824-X
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    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2016810-X
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    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2016800-7
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 161666-3
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 161667-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2969341-X
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 161665-1
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3094268-8
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 710256-2
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2016804-4
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3094181-7
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3094219-6
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3094167-2
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2220777-6
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3094197-0
    SSG: 16,13
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  • 9
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    Online Resource
    A comparison of Northern and Southern Hemisphere cross-tropopause ozone flux : HEMISPHERIC CROSS-TROPOPAUSE OZONE FLUX
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 2003
    In:  Geophysical Research Letters Vol. 30, No. 7 ( 2003-04)
    Details
    In: Geophysical Research Letters, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 30, No. 7 ( 2003-04)
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0094-8276
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1029/2002GL016538
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 2003
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    detail.hit.zdb_id: 7403-2
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Relative Contribution of Greenhouse Gases and Ozone-Depleting Substances to Temperature Trends in the Stratosphere: A Chemistry–Climate Model Study
    American Meteorological Society ; 2010
    In:  Journal of Climate Vol. 23, No. 1 ( 2010-01-01), p. 28-42
    Details
    In: Journal of Climate, American Meteorological Society, Vol. 23, No. 1 ( 2010-01-01), p. 28-42
    Abstract: The temperature of the stratosphere has decreased over the past several decades. Two causes contribute to that decrease: well-mixed greenhouse gases (GHGs) and ozone-depleting substances (ODSs). This paper addresses the attribution of temperature decreases to these two causes and the implications of that attribution for the future evolution of stratospheric temperature. Time series analysis is applied to simulations of the Goddard Earth Observing System Chemistry–Climate Model (GEOS CCM) to separate the contributions of GHGs from those of ODSs based on their different time-dependent signatures. The analysis indicates that about 60%–70% of the temperature decrease of the past two decades in the upper stratosphere near 1 hPa and in the lower midlatitude stratosphere near 50 hPa resulted from changes attributable to ODSs, primarily through their impact on ozone. As ozone recovers over the next several decades, the temperature should continue to decrease in the middle and upper stratosphere because of GHG increases. The time series of observed temperature in the upper stratosphere is approaching the length needed to separate the effects of ozone-depleting substances from those of greenhouse gases using temperature time series data.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1520-0442 , 0894-8755
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/2009JCLI2955.1
    RVK:
    UA 4548
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 2010
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