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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Diurnal Evolution and Annual Variability of Boundary-Layer Height and Its Correlation to Other Meteorological Variables in California’s Central Valley
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2011
    In:  Boundary-Layer Meteorology Vol. 140, No. 3 ( 2011-9), p. 491-511
    Details
    In: Boundary-Layer Meteorology, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 140, No. 3 ( 2011-9), p. 491-511
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0006-8314 , 1573-1472
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1007/s10546-011-9622-4
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2011
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Observed and WRF-Simulated Low-Level Winds in a High-Ozone Episode during the Central California Ozone Study
    American Meteorological Society ; 2008
    In:  Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology Vol. 47, No. 9 ( 2008-09-01), p. 2372-2394
    Details
    In: Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology, American Meteorological Society, Vol. 47, No. 9 ( 2008-09-01), p. 2372-2394
    Abstract: A case study is carried out for the 29 July–3 August 2000 episode of the Central California Ozone Study (CCOS), a typical summertime high-ozone event in the Central Valley of California. The focus of the study is on the low-level winds that control the transport and dispersion of pollutants in the Central Valley. An analysis of surface and wind profiler observations from the CCOS field experiment indicates a number of important low-level flows in the Central Valley: 1) the incoming low-level marine airflow through the Carquinez Strait into the Sacramento River delta, 2) the diurnal cycle of upslope–downslope flows, 3) the up- and down-valley flow in the Sacramento Valley, 4) the nocturnal low-level jet in the San Joaquin Valley, and 5) the orographically induced mesoscale eddies (the Fresno and Schultz eddies). A numerical simulation using the advanced research version of the Weather Research and Forecasting Model (WRF) reproduces the overall pattern of the observed low-level flows. The physical reasons behind the quantitative differences between the observed and simulated low-level winds are also analyzed and discussed, although not enough observations are available to diagnose thoroughly the model-error sources. In particular, hodograph analysis is applied to provide physical insight into the impact of the large-scale, upper-level winds on the locally forced low-level winds. It is found that the diurnal rotation of the observed and simulated hodographs of the local winds varies spatially in the Central Valley, resulting from the combining effect of topographically induced local forcing and the interaction between the upper-level winds and the aforementioned low-level flows. The trajectory analysis not only further confirms that WRF reproduces the observed low-level transport processes reasonably well but also shows that the simulated upper-level winds have noticeable errors. The results from this study strongly suggest that the errors in the WRF-simulated low-level winds are related not only to the errors in the model’s surface conditions and atmospheric boundary layer physics but also to the errors in the upper-level forcing mostly prescribed in the model’s lateral boundary conditions.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1558-8432 , 1558-8424
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/2008JAMC1822.1
    RVK:
    UA 4547
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 2008
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Assessment of an ensemble of seven real-time ozone forecasts over eastern North America during the summer of 2004
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 2005
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research Vol. 110, No. D21 ( 2005)
    Details
    In: Journal of Geophysical Research, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 110, No. D21 ( 2005)
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0148-0227
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1029/2005JD005858
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 2005
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    An evaluation of real-time air quality forecasts and their urban emissions over eastern Texas during the summer of 2006 Second Texas Air Quality Study field study
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 2009
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research Vol. 114 ( 2009-06-18)
    Details
    In: Journal of Geophysical Research, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 114 ( 2009-06-18)
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0148-0227
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1029/2008JD011697
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 2009
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    SSG: 16,13
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Bias‐corrected ensemble and probabilistic forecasts of surface ozone over eastern North America during the summer of 2004
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 2006
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres Vol. 111, No. D23 ( 2006-12-16)
    Details
    In: Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 111, No. D23 ( 2006-12-16)
    Abstract: A multimodel ensemble air quality forecasting system was created as part of the New England Air Quality Study (NEAQS‐2004) during the summer of 2004. Seven different models were used, with their own meteorology, emissions, and chemical mechanisms. In addition, one model was run at two different horizontal grid resolutions, providing a total of eight members for the ensemble. Model forecasts of surface ozone were verified at 342 sites from the EPA's AIRNOW observational network, over a 56 day period in July and August 2004. Because significant biases were found for each of the models, a simple 7‐day running mean bias correction technique was implemented. The 7‐day bias correction is found to improve the forecast skill of all of the individual models and to work nearly equally well over the entire range of observed ozone values. Also, bias‐corrected model skill is found to increase with the length of the bias correction training period, but the increase is gradual, with most of the improvement occurring with only a 1 or 2 day bias correction. Analysis of the ensemble forecasts demonstrates that for a variety of skill measures the ensemble usually has greater skill than each of the individual models, and the ensemble of the bias‐corrected models has the highest skill of all. In addition to the higher skill levels, the ensemble also provides potentially useful probabilistic information on the ozone forecasts, which is evaluated using several different techniques.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0148-0227
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1029/2006JD007598
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 2006
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    detail.hit.zdb_id: 710256-2
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2016804-4
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    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3094167-2
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2220777-6
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3094197-0
    SSG: 16,13
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Evaluation of several PM 2.5 forecast models using data collected during the ICARTT/NEAQS 2004 field study
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 2007
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres Vol. 112, No. D10 ( 2007-05-27)
    Details
    In: Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 112, No. D10 ( 2007-05-27)
    Abstract: Real‐time forecasts of PM 2.5 aerosol mass from seven air quality forecast models (AQFMs) are statistically evaluated against observations collected in the northeastern United States and southeastern Canada from two surface networks and aircraft data during the summer of 2004 International Consortium for Atmospheric Research on Transport and Transformation (ICARTT)/New England Air Quality Study (NEAQS) field campaign. The AIRNOW surface network is used to evaluate PM 2.5 aerosol mass, the U.S. EPA STN network is used for PM 2.5 aerosol composition comparisons, and aerosol size distribution and composition measured from the NOAA P‐3 aircraft are also compared. Statistics based on midday 8‐hour averages, as well as 24‐hour averages are evaluated against the AIRNOW surface network. When the 8‐hour average PM 2.5 statistics are compared against equivalent ozone statistics for each model, the analysis shows that PM 2.5 forecasts possess nearly equivalent correlation, less bias, and better skill relative to the corresponding ozone forecasts. An analysis of the diurnal variability shows that most models do not reproduce the observed diurnal cycle at urban and suburban monitor locations, particularly during the nighttime to early morning transition. While observations show median rural PM 2.5 levels similar to urban and suburban values, the models display noticeably smaller rural/urban PM 2.5 ratios. The ensemble PM 2.5 forecast, created by combining six separate forecasts with equal weighting, is also evaluated and shown to yield the best possible forecast in terms of the statistical measures considered. The comparisons of PM 2.5 composition with NOAA P‐3 aircraft data reveals two important features: (1) The organic component of PM 2.5 is significantly underpredicted by all the AQFMs and (2) those models that include aqueous phase oxidation of SO 2 to sulfate in clouds overpredict sulfate levels while those AQFMs that do not include this transformation mechanism underpredict sulfate. Errors in PM 2.5 ammonium levels tend to correlate directly with errors in sulfate. Comparisons of PM 2.5 composition with the U.S. EPA STN network for three of the AQFMs show that sulfate biases are consistently lower at the surface than aloft. Recommendations for further research and analysis to help improve PM 2.5 forecasts are also provided.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0148-0227
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1029/2006JD007608
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 2007
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    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2220777-6
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3094197-0
    SSG: 16,13
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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    Online Resource
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