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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Reevaluating the Economic Injury Level for Brown Stink Bug (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) at Various Growth Stages of Maize
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2020
    In:  Journal of Economic Entomology Vol. 113, No. 5 ( 2020-10-16), p. 2250-2258
    Details
    In: Journal of Economic Entomology, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 113, No. 5 ( 2020-10-16), p. 2250-2258
    Abstract: Economic yield loss and reduction in grain quality from brown stink bug, Euschistus servus (Say), feeding injury in early and late stages of maize, Zea mays (Poales: Poaceae, Linnaeus), development was assessed in Virginia and North Carolina in 2018 and 2019. Varying levels of stink bug infestations were introduced to seedling maize (V2—early stage), and a range of late-stages of maize, including 1) the last stage of vegetative development (V12/V14), 2) prior to tasseling, 3) at tasseling (VT), and 4) across all tested late growth stages. Euschistus servus infestation levels included 33, 67, and 100% of maize seedlings, and 25, 50, 100, and 200% of plants during later stages. Infestations were maintained on seedling maize for 7 d, and 8 or 16 d in reproductive stages. Infestation level in seedling maize had an impact on grain yield. Infestation level and growth stage both had an impact on grain yield in reproductive maize. The percentage of discolored kernels was also affected by infestation level, but not growth stage. Regression analysis between grain yield and infestation level indicated that the average economic injury level is 7% in seedling maize (7 bugs/100 plants) and 12% (12 bugs/100 plants) from the last vegetative stages (V12/V14) through pollination (VT). The economic injury level in the late vegetative stages is only applicable when infestations are present for an extended period of time (16 d), emphasizing the need for continued scouting of maize throughout the season to make informed management decisions.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-0493 , 1938-291X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/jee/toaa173
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2477182-X
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2030999-5
    SSG: 12
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Mechanics of flow and mixing at antroduodenal junction
    Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. ; 2007
    In:  World Journal of Gastroenterology Vol. 13, No. 9 ( 2007), p. 1365-
    Details
    In: World Journal of Gastroenterology, Baishideng Publishing Group Inc., Vol. 13, No. 9 ( 2007), p. 1365-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1007-9327
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v13.i9.1365
    Language: English
    Publisher: Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.
    Publication Date: 2007
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2084831-6
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Pest population dynamics are related to a continental overwintering gradient
    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ; 2022
    In:  Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Vol. 119, No. 37 ( 2022-09-13)
    Details
    In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 119, No. 37 ( 2022-09-13)
    Abstract: Overwintering success is an important determinant of arthropod populations that must be considered as climate change continues to influence the spatiotemporal population dynamics of agricultural pests. Using a long-term monitoring database and biologically relevant overwintering zones, we modeled the annual and seasonal population dynamics of a common pest, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), based on three overwintering suitability zones throughout North America using four decades of soil temperatures: the southern range (able to persist through winter), transitional zone (uncertain overwintering survivorship), and northern limits (unable to survive winter). Our model indicates H. zea population dynamics are hierarchically structured with continental-level effects that are partitioned into three geographic zones. Seasonal populations were initially detected in the southern range, where they experienced multiple large population peaks. All three zones experienced a final peak between late July (southern range) and mid-August to mid-September (transitional zone and northern limits). The southern range expanded by 3% since 1981 and is projected to increase by twofold by 2099 but the areas of other zones are expected to decrease in the future. These changes suggest larger populations may persist at higher latitudes in the future due to reduced low-temperature lethal events during winter. Because H. zea is a highly migratory pest, predicting when populations accumulate in one region can inform synchronous or lagged population development in other regions. We show the value of combining long-term datasets, remotely sensed data, and laboratory findings to inform forecasting of insect pests.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0027-8424 , 1091-6490
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2203230119
    RVK:
    TA 1000
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 209104-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1461794-8
    SSG: 11
    SSG: 12
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Techniques to derive geometries for image-based Eulerian computations
    Emerald ; 2014
    In:  Engineering Computations Vol. 31, No. 3 ( 2014-4-28), p. 530-566
    Details
    In: Engineering Computations, Emerald, Vol. 31, No. 3 ( 2014-4-28), p. 530-566
    Abstract: – The performance of three frequently used level set-based segmentation methods is examined for the purpose of defining features and boundary conditions for image-based Eulerian fluid and solid mechanics models. The focus of the evaluation is to identify an approach that produces the best geometric representation from a computational fluid/solid modeling point of view. In particular, extraction of geometries from a wide variety of imaging modalities and noise intensities, to supply to an immersed boundary approach, is targeted. Design/methodology/approach – Two- and three-dimensional images, acquired from optical, X-ray CT, and ultrasound imaging modalities, are segmented with active contours, k -means, and adaptive clustering methods. Segmentation contours are converted to level sets and smoothed as necessary for use in fluid/solid simulations. Results produced by the three approaches are compared visually and with contrast ratio, signal-to-noise ratio, and contrast-to-noise ratio measures. Findings – While the active contours method possesses built-in smoothing and regularization and produces continuous contours, the clustering methods ( k -means and adaptive clustering) produce discrete (pixelated) contours that require smoothing using speckle-reducing anisotropic diffusion (SRAD). Thus, for images with high contrast and low to moderate noise, active contours are generally preferable. However, adaptive clustering is found to be far superior to the other two methods for images possessing high levels of noise and global intensity variations, due to its more sophisticated use of local pixel/voxel intensity statistics. Originality/value – It is often difficult to know a priori which segmentation will perform best for a given image type, particularly when geometric modeling is the ultimate goal. This work offers insight to the algorithm selection process, as well as outlining a practical framework for generating useful geometric surfaces in an Eulerian setting.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0264-4401
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1108/EC-06-2012-0145
    Language: English
    Publisher: Emerald
    Publication Date: 2014
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2009342-1
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Design and test a converging and de Laval nozzle using additive manufacturing
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2022
    In:  Frontiers in Aerospace Engineering Vol. 1 ( 2022-8-22)
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Aerospace Engineering, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 1 ( 2022-8-22)
    Abstract: The advent of additive manufacturing technology has facilitated the design and fabrication of parts and models in both academia and aerospace industry. Compressible flow in the nozzles is not a new research topic; however, the accuracy of the experimental results obtained from the nozzles using additive manufacturing has not been assessed comprehensively. Surface roughness and strength of 3D-printed nozzles are two major concerns when they are applied to compressible flows. In this paper, a converging and a de Laval nozzle fabricated by additive manufacturing using ABS filament are designed and tested. Surface roughness inside the converging nozzle is quantified using a nondestructive method. In general, the experimental results compare well with the analytical solutions from isentropic equations for the converging nozzle and the numerical simulations conducted in ANASYS Fluent for the de Laval nozzle. 3D-printed nozzles can be employed to quickly demonstrate and verify novel ideas and concepts in the pedagogy and research at large Reynolds numbers.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2813-2831
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/fpace.2022.951987
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3123811-7
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    From video to computation of biological fluid–structure interaction problems
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2016
    In:  Theoretical and Computational Fluid Dynamics Vol. 30, No. 1-2 ( 2016-4), p. 41-66
    Details
    In: Theoretical and Computational Fluid Dynamics, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 30, No. 1-2 ( 2016-4), p. 41-66
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0935-4964 , 1432-2250
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1007/s00162-015-0358-5
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2016
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1007949-X
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1463179-9
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Accuracy of detecting enlargement of aneurysms using different MRI modalities and measurement protocols
    Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG) ; 2019
    In:  Journal of Neurosurgery Vol. 130, No. 2 ( 2019-02), p. 559-565
    Details
    In: Journal of Neurosurgery, Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG), Vol. 130, No. 2 ( 2019-02), p. 559-565
    Abstract: Aneurysm growth is considered predictive of future rupture of intracranial aneurysms. However, how accurately neuroradiologists can reliably detect incremental aneurysm growth using clinical MRI is still unknown. The purpose of this study was to assess the agreement rate of detecting aneurysm enlargement employing generally used MRI modalities. METHODS Three silicone flow phantom models, each with 8 aneurysms of various sizes at different sites, were used in this study. The aneurysm models were identical except for an incremental increase in the sizes of the 8 aneurysms, which ranged from 0.4 mm to 2 mm. The phantoms were imaged on 1.5-T and 3-T MRI units with both time-of-flight (TOF) and contrast-enhanced MR angiography. Three independent expert neuroradiologists measured the aneurysms in a blinded manner using different measurement approaches. The individual and agreement detection rates of aneurysm enlargement among the 3 experts were calculated. RESULTS The mean detection rate of any increase in any aneurysmal dimension was 95.7%. The detection rates of the 3 observers (observers A, B, and C) were 98.0%, 96.6%, and 92.7%, respectively (p = 0.22). The detection rates of each MRI modality were 91.3% using 1.5-T TOF, 97.2% using 1.5-T with Gd, 95.8% using 3.0-T TOF, and 97.2% using 3.0-T with Gd (p = 0.31). On the other hand, the mean detection rate for aneurysm enlargement was 54.8%. Specifically, the detection rates of observers A, B, and C were 49.0%, 46.1%, and 66.7%, respectively (p = 0.009). As the incremental enlargement value increased, the detection rate for aneurysm enlargement increased. The use of 1.5-T Gd improved the detection rate for small incremental enlargement (e.g., 0.4–1 mm) of the aneurysm (p = 0.04). The location of the aneurysm also affected the detection rate for aneurysm enlargement (p 〈 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS The detection rate and interobserver agreement were very high for aneurysm enlargement of 0.4–2 mm. The detection rate for at least 1 increase in any aneurysm dimension did not depend on the choice of MRI modality or measurement protocol. Use of Gd improved the accuracy of measurement. Aneurysm location may influence the accuracy of detecting enlargement.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-3085 , 1933-0693
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3171/2017.9.JNS171811
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    RVK:
    XA 55270
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2026156-1
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    From medical images to flow computations without user‐generated meshes
    Wiley ; 2014
    In:  International Journal for Numerical Methods in Biomedical Engineering Vol. 30, No. 10 ( 2014-10), p. 1057-1083
    Details
    In: International Journal for Numerical Methods in Biomedical Engineering, Wiley, Vol. 30, No. 10 ( 2014-10), p. 1057-1083
    Abstract: Biomedical flow computations in patient‐specific geometries require integrating image acquisition and processing with fluid flow solvers. Typically, image‐based modeling processes involve several steps, such as image segmentation, surface mesh generation, volumetric flow mesh generation, and finally, computational simulation. These steps are performed separately, often using separate pieces of software, and each step requires considerable expertise and investment of time on the part of the user. In this paper, an alternative framework is presented in which the entire image‐based modeling process is performed on a Cartesian domain where the image is embedded within the domain as an implicit surface. Thus, the framework circumvents the need for generating surface meshes to fit complex geometries and subsequent creation of body‐fitted flow meshes. Cartesian mesh pruning, local mesh refinement, and massive parallelization provide computational efficiency; the image‐to‐computation techniques adopted are chosen to be suitable for distributed memory architectures. The complete framework is demonstrated with flow calculations computed in two 3D image reconstructions of geometrically dissimilar intracranial aneurysms. The flow calculations are performed on multiprocessor computer architectures and are compared against calculations performed with a standard multistep route. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2040-7939 , 2040-7947
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/cnm.v30.10
    DOI: 10.1002/cnm.2644
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2014
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2540968-2
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