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  • 1
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    Pregnant Dutch Women Have Inadequate Iodine Status and Selenium Intake
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Nutrients Vol. 14, No. 19 ( 2022-09-22), p. 3936-
    Details
    In: Nutrients, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 19 ( 2022-09-22), p. 3936-
    Abstract: Iodine and selenium are essential for thyroid hormone synthesis. Iodine and selenium interact. Pregnancy increases the maternal iodine requirement. We previously reported inadequate iodine status in pregnant Dutch women. Since little is known about their selenium intake, we investigated the iodine status and selenium intake in relation to iodine and selenium supplement use during pregnancy. Iodine status was established in 201 apparently healthy pregnant women as 24 h iodine excretion (24H-UIE; sufficient if median ≥225 µg), iodine concentration (24H-UIC; ≥150 µg/L) and iodine/creatinine ratio (24H-UICR; ≥150 µg/g). Selenium intake was calculated from 24 h selenium excretion. Iodine status in pregnancy proved insufficient (medians: 24H-UIE 185 µg; 24H-UIC 95 µg/L; 24H-UICR 141 µg/g). Only women taking 150 µg iodine/day were sufficient (median 24H-UIE 244 µg). Selenium intake was below the Estimated Average Requirement (EAR; 49 µg/day) in 53.8%, below the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA; 60 µg/day) in 77.4% and below the Adequate Intake (AI; 70 µg/day) in 88.7%. Combined inadequate iodine status and selenium intake 〈 RDA was found in 61%. Women who want to become pregnant should, consistently with WHO and ETA recommendations, be advised to use a 150 µg iodine-containing supplement. Concomitant selenium supplementation should be added to this advice, at least in The Netherlands.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6643
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/nu14193936
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518386-2
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  • 2
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    Influence of Vitamin-optimized Plasma Homocysteine Cutoff Values on the Prevalence of Hyperhomocysteinemia in Healthy Adults
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2001
    In:  Clinical Chemistry Vol. 47, No. 6 ( 2001-06-01), p. 1001-1007
    Details
    In: Clinical Chemistry, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 47, No. 6 ( 2001-06-01), p. 1001-1007
    Abstract: Background: Hyperhomocysteinemia is a cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factor. We determined plasma homocysteine (Hcy) reference values at optimized vitamin status and investigated their influence on the prevalence of hyperhomocysteinemia in healthy adults. Results were compared with those obtained using European Concerted Action Project (ECAP) cutoff values. Methods: Healthy adults (n = 101) received folic acid (5 mg/day) and vitamin B12 (1 mg/day) for 2 weeks and the same dosages of folic acid and vitamin B12 plus vitamin B6 (1 mg · kg−1 · day−1) during the following 2 weeks. Hcy concentrations, both fasting and 6-h post-methionine load, were determined at baseline and after 4 weeks. Results: Baseline (4 weeks) fasting and 6-h postload Hcy reference values were 4.7–14.6 (4.1–9.3) and 18.8–49.7 (12.9–35.1) μmol/L, respectively. Mean fasting and 6-h postload Hcy decreased after 4 weeks of vitamin supplementation by 3.5 μmol/L (33.5%) and 8.5 μmol/L (26.3%), respectively. The percentages of subjects exhibiting significant decreases in fasting Hcy following vitamin supplementation were 88% (all subjects), 92% (non-vitamin users), and 72% (vitamin users). The prevalences of hyperhomocysteinemia with use of ECAP cutoff values were 29% for all groups, 29% for men, 27% for premenopausal women, and 53% for postmenopausal women. With vitamin-optimized cutoff values, prevalences were 58%, 58%, 76%, and 89%, respectively. Use of vitamin-optimized cutoff values increased the diagnostic value of fasting Hcy and decreased that of a 6-h postload Hcy compared with use of ECAP cutoff values. Conclusions: Use of vitamin-optimized cutoff values gives rise to high hyperhomocysteinemia pretest probabilities in the general population and, therefore, precludes any meaningful role for Hcy testing. Future demonstration of a beneficial effect of decreasing Hcy on CVD risk would justify use of vitamin-optimized cutoff values for assessment of CVD risk.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0009-9147 , 1530-8561
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/clinchem/47.6.1001
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2001
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  • 3
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    Thyroidal and Extrathyroidal Requirements for Iodine and Selenium: A Combined Evolutionary and (Patho)Physiological Approach
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Nutrients Vol. 14, No. 19 ( 2022-09-20), p. 3886-
    Details
    In: Nutrients, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 19 ( 2022-09-20), p. 3886-
    Abstract: Iodide is an antioxidant, oxidant and thyroid hormone constituent. Selenoproteins are needed for triiodothyronine synthesis, its deactivation and iodine release. They also protect thyroidal and extrathyroidal tissues from hydrogen peroxide used in the ‘peroxidase partner system’. This system produces thyroid hormone and reactive iodine in exocrine glands to kill microbes. Exocrine glands recycle iodine and with high urinary clearance require constant dietary supply, unlike the thyroid. Disbalanced iodine-selenium explains relations between thyroid autoimmune disease (TAD) and cancer of thyroid and exocrine organs, notably stomach, breast, and prostate. Seafood is iodine unconstrained, but selenium constrained. Terrestrial food contains little iodine while selenium ranges from highly deficient to highly toxic. Iodine vs. TAD is U-shaped, but only low selenium relates to TAD. Oxidative stress from low selenium, and infection from disbalanced iodine-selenium, may generate cancer of thyroid and exocrine glands. Traditional Japanese diet resembles our ancient seashore-based diet and relates to aforementioned diseases. Adequate iodine might be in the milligram range but is toxic at low selenium. Optimal selenoprotein-P at 105 µg selenium/day agrees with Japanese intakes. Selenium upper limit may remain at 300–400 µg/day. Seafood combines iodine, selenium and other critical nutrients. It brings us back to the seashore diet that made us what we currently still are.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6643
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/nu14193886
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
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  • 4
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    Temporal Changes in Breast Milk Fatty Acids Contents: A Case Study of Malay Breastfeeding Women
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Nutrients Vol. 13, No. 1 ( 2020-12-30), p. 101-
    Details
    In: Nutrients, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 1 ( 2020-12-30), p. 101-
    Abstract: The composition of human breast milk changes in the first two months of life, adapting itself to the evolving needs of the growing new-born. Lipids in milk are a source of energy, essential fatty acids (FA), fat-soluble vitamins, and vital bioactive components. Information on breast milk FA of Malaysian lactating women is scarce. Based on convenience sampling, a total of 20 Malay breastfeeding women who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were recruited. Breast milk was collected three times from each subject at consecutive intervals of 2–3 weeks apart. A total of 60 breast milk samples were collected and classified into “transitional milk” (n = 8), “early milk” (n = 26) and “mature milk” (n = 26). All milk samples were air freighted to University of Groningen, Netherlands for analysis. The dominant breast milk FA were oleic acid, constituting 33% of total fatty acids, followed by palmitic acid (26%). Both these FA and the essential FA, linoleic acid (10%) and alpha-linolenic acid (0.4%), showed no significant changes from transitional to mature milk. Breast milk ratio of n-6:n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) was comparatively high, exceeding 10 throughout the lactation period, suggesting a healthier balance of PUFA intake is needed in pregnancy and at postpartum.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6643
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/nu13010101
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
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  • 5
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    Trans isomeric octadecenoic acids are related inversely to arachidonic acid and DHA and positively related to mead acid in umbilical vessel wall lipids
    Wiley ; 2002
    In:  Lipids Vol. 37, No. 10 ( 2002-10), p. 959-965
    Details
    In: Lipids, Wiley, Vol. 37, No. 10 ( 2002-10), p. 959-965
    Abstract: Long‐chain PUFA play an important role in early human neurodevelopment. Significant inverse correlations were reported between values of trans isomeric and long‐chain PUFA in plasma lipids of preterm infants and children aged 1–15 yr as well as in venous cord blood lipids of full‐term infants. Here we report FA compositional data of cord blood vessel wall lipids in 308 healthy, full‐term infants (gestational age: 39.7±1.2 wk, birth weight: 3528±429 g, mean±SD). The median (interquartile range) of the sum of 18‐carbon trans FA was 0.22 (0.13)% w/w in umbilical artery and 0.16 (0.10)% w/w in umbilical vein lipids. Nonparametric correlation analysis showed significant inverse correlations between the sum of 18‐carbon trans FA and both arachidonic acid and DHA in artery ( r =−0.38, P 〈 0.01, and r =−0.20, P 〈 0.01) and vein ( r =−0.36, P 〈 0.01, and −0.17, P 〈 0.01) wall lipids. In addition, the sum of 18‐carbon trans FA was significantly positively correlated to Mead acid, a general indicator of EFA deficiency, in both artery ( r =+0.35, P 〈 0.01) and vein ( r =+0.31, P 〈 0.01) wall lipids. The present results obtained in a large group of full‐term infants suggest that maternal trans FA intake is inversely associated with long‐chain PUFA status of the infant at birth.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0024-4201 , 1558-9307
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1007/s11745-006-0987-y
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2002
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2030265-4
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  • 6
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    Interrelationships between maternal DHA in erythrocytes, milk and adipose tissue. Is 1 wt% DHA the optimal human milk content? Data from four Tanzanian tribes differing in lifetime stable intakes of fish
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2014
    In:  British Journal of Nutrition Vol. 111, No. 5 ( 2014-03-14), p. 854-866
    Details
    In: British Journal of Nutrition, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 111, No. 5 ( 2014-03-14), p. 854-866
    Abstract: Little is known about the interrelationships between maternal and infant erythrocyte-DHA, milk-DHA and maternal adipose tissue (AT)-DHA contents. We studied these relationships in four tribes in Tanzania (Maasai, Pare, Sengerema and Ukerewe) differing in their lifetime intakes of fish. Cross-sectional samples were collected at delivery and after 3 d and 3 months of exclusive breast-feeding. We found that intra-uterine biomagnification is a sign of low maternal DHA status, that genuine biomagnification occurs during lactation, that lactating mothers with low DHA status cannot augment their infants' DHA status, and that lactating mothers lose DHA independent of their DHA status. A maternal erythrocyte-DHA content of 8 wt% was found to correspond with a mature milk-DHA content of 1·0 wt% and with subcutaneous and abdominal (omentum) AT-DHA contents of about 0·39 and 0·52 wt%, respectively. Consequently, 1 wt% DHA might be a target for Western human milk and infant formula that has milk arachidonic acid, EPA and linoleic acid contents of 0·55, 0·22 and 9·32 wt%, respectively. With increasing DHA status, the erythrocyte-DHA content reaches a plateau of about 9 wt%, and it plateaus more readily than milk-DHA and AT-DHA contents. Compared with the average Tanzanian-Ukerewe woman, the average US woman has four times lower AT-DHA content (0·4 v. 0·1 wt%) and five times lower mature milk-DHA output (301 v. 60 mg/d), which contrasts with her estimated 1·8–2·6 times lower mobilisable AT-DHA content (19 v. 35–50 g).
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0007-1145 , 1475-2662
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S0007114513003255
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2014
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2016047-1
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  • 7
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    Vitamin D status indicators in indigenous populations in East Africa
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2013
    In:  European Journal of Nutrition Vol. 52, No. 3 ( 2013-4), p. 1115-1125
    Details
    In: European Journal of Nutrition, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 52, No. 3 ( 2013-4), p. 1115-1125
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1436-6207 , 1436-6215
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1007/s00394-012-0421-6
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2013
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1463312-7
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  • 8
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    A maternal erythrocyte DHA content of approximately 6 g% is the DHA status at which intrauterine DHA biomagnifications turns into bioattenuation and postnatal infant DHA equilibrium is reached
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2012
    In:  European Journal of Nutrition Vol. 51, No. 6 ( 2012-9), p. 665-675
    Details
    In: European Journal of Nutrition, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 51, No. 6 ( 2012-9), p. 665-675
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1436-6207 , 1436-6215
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1007/s00394-011-0245-9
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2012
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1463312-7
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  • 9
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    Discovery and consequences of apolipoprotein- ε 3Groningen : a G-insertion in codon 95/96 that is predicted to cause a premature stop codon
    SAGE Publications ; 2005
    In:  Annals of Clinical Biochemistry: International Journal of Laboratory Medicine Vol. 42, No. 4 ( 2005-07-01), p. 264-268
    Details
    In: Annals of Clinical Biochemistry: International Journal of Laboratory Medicine, SAGE Publications, Vol. 42, No. 4 ( 2005-07-01), p. 264-268
    Abstract: Background: We found an unexplained, persistent discrepancy between the outcomes of two apolipoprotein-E (apo-E) genotyping methods for a patient with features of familial dysbetalipoproteinaemia (FD). Polymerase chain reaction - restriction fragment length polymorphism resulted in the apo-ε 2 /ε 2 genotype, whereas minisequencing indicated apo-ε 2 /ε 3 . The discrepancy was predicted to derive from a novel mutation. Methods: Sequencing of patient DNA, set-up of a mutation analysis method and establishment of mutation occurrence in 19 family members of the proband and investigation of its association with serum lipid indices. Results: Sequencing demonstrated a G-insertion in codon 95 or 96 ( 95 AAG- 96- GAG- 95 AAG- 96 GGA-G) of the apo-ε 3 allele. The mutation, designated apo-ε 3Groningen , was predicted to cause a frameshift, a premature stop codon at codon 146 (AAGεTAA) and the expression of a truncated apo-E protein, if any. Four family members with the apo-ε 3Groningen were identified. Two family members with apo-ε 3 /ε 3Groningen had serum lipid indices within reference ranges but low-serum apo-E. Three subjects with apo-ε 2 /ε 3Groningen , proband included, had serum cholesterol, triglycerides and calculated low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels above the reference ranges. Their electrophoresis pattern showed the classical broad-beta band, indicative of FD. Conclusion: Apo-ε 3Groningen heterozygosity is unlikely to precipitate FD, unless provoked by compound apo-ε 2 heterozygosity or other FD precipitating factors.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0004-5632 , 1758-1001
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1258/0004563054255498
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2005
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2041298-8
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  • 10
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    Milk vitamin D in relation to the ‘adequate intake’ for 0–6-month-old infants: a study in lactating women with different cultural backgrounds, living at different latitudes
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2017
    In:  British Journal of Nutrition Vol. 118, No. 10 ( 2017-11-28), p. 804-812
    Details
    In: British Journal of Nutrition, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 118, No. 10 ( 2017-11-28), p. 804-812
    Abstract: Breast-fed infants are susceptible to vitamin D deficiency rickets. The current vitamin D ‘adequate intake’ (AI) for 0–6-month-old infants is 10 µg/d, corresponding with a human milk antirachitic activity (ARA) of 513 IU/l. We were particularly interested to see whether milk ARA of mothers with lifetime abundant sunlight exposure reaches the AI. We measured milk ARA of lactating mothers with different cultural backgrounds, living at different latitudes. Mature milk was derived from 181 lactating women in the Netherlands, Curaçao, Vietnam, Malaysia and Tanzania. Milk ARA and plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) were analysed by liquid-chromatography-MS/MS; milk fatty acids were analysed by GC-flame ionisation detector (FID). None of the mothers reached the milk vitamin D AI. Milk ARA ( n ; median; range) were as follows: Netherlands ( n 9; 46 IU/l; 3–51), Curaçao ( n 10; 31 IU/l; 5–113), Vietnam: Halong Bay ( n 20; 58 IU/l; 23–110), Phu Tho ( n 22; 28 IU/l; 1–62), Tien Giang ( n 20; 63 IU/l; 26–247), Ho-Chi-Minh-City ( n 18; 49 IU/l; 24–116), Hanoi ( n 21; 37 IU/l; 11–118), Malaysia–Kuala Lumpur ( n 20; 14 IU/l; 1–46) and Tanzania-Ukerewe ( n 21; 77 IU/l; 12–232) and Maasai ( n 20; 88 IU/l; 43–189). We collected blood samples of these lactating women in Curaçao, Vietnam and from Tanzania–Ukerewe, and found that 33·3 % had plasma 25(OH)D levels between 80 and 249·9 nmol/l, 47·3 % between 50 and 79·9 nmol/l and 19·4 % between 25 and 49·9 nmol/l. Milk ARA correlated positively with maternal plasma 25(OH)D (range 27–132 nmol/l, r 0·40) and milk EPA+DHA (0·1–3·1 g%, r 0·20), and negatively with latitude (2°S-53°N, r −0·21). Milk ARA of mothers with lifetime abundant sunlight exposure is not even close to the vitamin D AI for 0–6-month-old infants. Our data may point at the importance of adequate fetal vitamin D stores.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0007-1145 , 1475-2662
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S000711451700277X
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2016047-1
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 21
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