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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Gourmet Table Salts: The Mineral Composition Showdown
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Toxics Vol. 11, No. 8 ( 2023-08-15), p. 705-
    Details
    In: Toxics, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 8 ( 2023-08-15), p. 705-
    Abstract: Table salts with their specialty flake size, textures, flavors, and colors can be considered a gastronomy niche food already increasing in demand worldwide. Being unrefined, they can contain trace elements potentially both healthy and toxic. In this study, 12 mineral elements (Al, Ca, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Se, and Zn) in 10 different salts commercially available in southern Italy namely, Atlantic grey, Baule volante, Guerande, Hawaiian pink, Hawaiian black, Himalayan pink, Maldon, Mozia, Persian blue, and smoked salts were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and thermal decomposition amalgamation-atomic absorption spectrophotometry (TDA-AAS). The concentration of mineral elements was variable according to the type of salt and its geographical origin. Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Pb, and Se levels were tolerable and Al, Ca, Fe, Mn, Ni, and Zn ranged significantly among the samples. Persian Blue and Atlantic Grey salts showed elevated levels of Fe and Zn; their intake can be helpful in some specific conditions. Nevertheless, Ni levels were high in Persian Blue and Smoked salts. Pb exceeded the maximum level in all samples. Additional monitoring analyses of mineral contents in table salts are recommended for human health.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2305-6304
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/toxics11080705
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2733883-6
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    MiR‐21 upregulation increases IL‐8 expression and tumorigenesis program in airway epithelial cells exposed to cigarette smoke
    Wiley ; 2019
    In:  Journal of Cellular Physiology Vol. 234, No. 12 ( 2019-12), p. 22183-22194
    Details
    In: Journal of Cellular Physiology, Wiley, Vol. 234, No. 12 ( 2019-12), p. 22183-22194
    Abstract: Cigarette smoke exposure, increasing Toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4) and reactive oxygen species (ROS), promotes inflammatory responses in airway epithelial cells. Chronic inflammation, microRNA (miRNA), and oxidative stress are associated with cancer development. Aims The present study was aimed to explore whether cigarette smoke exposure, altering miR‐21 expression, promoted inflammatory responses and tumorigenesis processes in airway epithelial cells. Methods Airway normal and cancer epithelial cells (16HBE and A549) were exposed to cigarette smoke extracts (CSE) or with/without agomiR‐21, and then it was assessed: a) miR‐21 expression; b) signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) nuclear protein expression and ERK1/2 activation; c) IL‐8 gene expression and protein release. An antagonist of TLR4 (CLI‐095) and the antioxidant flavonoid, apigenin, were also included to evaluate miR‐21 expression in CSE exposed cells. Results It was demonstrated that: a) A549 cells constitutively expressed higher levels of miR‐21 and IL‐8; b) CSE increased STAT3 nuclear expression in 16HBE; c) in both cell lines, CSE and agomiR‐21 increased: miR‐21 expression; ERK1/2 activation and IL‐8 gene expression and protein release; d) TLR4 inhibition counteracted the effects of CSE on miR‐21 in A549; e) apigenin reduced miR‐21 and IL‐8 gene expression in both cell lines. Conclusions Data herein provided identified for the first time new mechanisms supporting the crucial role of cigarette smoke‐induced miR‐21 expression in the amplification of inflammatory responses and in tumorigenesis processes within the airways.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0021-9541 , 1097-4652
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/jcp.v234.12
    DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28786
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1478143-8
    SSG: 12
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Alarmins, COVID-19 and comorbidities
    Informa UK Limited ; 2021
    In:  Annals of Medicine Vol. 53, No. 1 ( 2021-01-01), p. 777-785
    Details
    In: Annals of Medicine, Informa UK Limited, Vol. 53, No. 1 ( 2021-01-01), p. 777-785
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0785-3890 , 1365-2060
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2021.1921252
    Language: English
    Publisher: Informa UK Limited
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2028104-3
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Bioactive natural products in donkey and camel milk: a perspective review
    Informa UK Limited ; 2023
    In:  Natural Product Research Vol. 37, No. 12 ( 2023-06-18), p. 2098-2112
    Details
    In: Natural Product Research, Informa UK Limited, Vol. 37, No. 12 ( 2023-06-18), p. 2098-2112
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1478-6419 , 1478-6427
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2022.2116706
    Language: English
    Publisher: Informa UK Limited
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2185747-7
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    IL-31, itch and hematological malignancies
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2021
    In:  Clinical and Molecular Allergy Vol. 19, No. 1 ( 2021-12)
    Details
    In: Clinical and Molecular Allergy, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 19, No. 1 ( 2021-12)
    Abstract: Pruritus is one of the most common symptoms experienced by neoplastic patients. The pathogenesis of neoplastic itch is complex and multifactorial and could be due to an unbalanced production of humoral mediators by altered immune effector cells. IL-31 is a pro-inflammatory cytokine produced by CD4 + T helper cells. The aim of this review was to evaluate the role of this Th2 cytokine and its receptor IL-31RA, in the onset of neoplastic pruritus. We analysed scientific literature looking for the most relevant original articles linking IL-31to itch in oncologic diseases. Interleukin-31 seems to be a main itch mediator in several hematologic disease such as Cutaneous T cells lymphomas. In these patients IL-31 was positively linked to itch level, and IL-31 matched with disease stage. IL-31 seems to play an important role in the signalling pathway involved in pruritus, but it is also suggested to play a proinflammatory and immunomodulatory role which could play a part in the progression of the neoplastic disease. Further studies will be fundamental in facing pruritus in oncologic patients, since this problem compromise their quality of life worsening an already critic picture.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1476-7961
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1186/s12948-021-00148-7
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2126317-6
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Evaluation of the AGE/sRAGE Axis in Patients with Multiple Myeloma
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Antioxidants Vol. 8, No. 3 ( 2019-03-04), p. 55-
    Details
    In: Antioxidants, MDPI AG, Vol. 8, No. 3 ( 2019-03-04), p. 55-
    Abstract: Glycative stress influences tumor progression. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the advanced glycation end products/soluble receptor of advanced glycation end products (AGE/sRAGE) axis in patients with multiple myeloma (MM). Blood samples were taken from 19 patients affected by MM and from 16 sex-matched and age-matched healthy subjects. AGE and sRAGE axis were dosed in patients with MM and matched with controls. AGEs were measured by spectrofluorimetric methods. Blood samples for the determination of sRAGE were analyzed by ELISA. AGE levels were significantly reduced in patients with respect to controls. Instead, sRAGE was significantly elevated in patients affected by MM compared to healthy subjects. Moreover, we showed that there was a statistically significant difference in sRAGE according to the heavy and light chain. IgA lambda had significantly higher sRAGE values than IgA kappa, IgG kappa, and IgG Lambda MM patients. From our data emerges the role of the sRAGE/AGE axis in MM. Since AGE is a positive regulator of the activity of RAGE, circulating sRAGE concentrations may reflect RAGE expression and may be raised in parallel with serum AGE concentrations as a counter-system against AGE-caused tissue damage. Serum concentrations of AGE and sRAGE could therefore become potential therapeutic targets.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-3921
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/antiox8030055
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704216-9
    SSG: 15,3
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Nutraceuticals against Oxidative Stress in Autoimmune Disorders
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Antioxidants Vol. 10, No. 2 ( 2021-02-08), p. 261-
    Details
    In: Antioxidants, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 2 ( 2021-02-08), p. 261-
    Abstract: Antioxidant mechanisms are constituted of enzymes, endogenous, and non-enzymatic, exogenous, which have the role of counterbalancing oxidative stress. Intake of these compounds occurs in the diet. Vegetables, plants, and fruits contain a wide range of alkaloids, polyphenols, and terpenoids which are called “phytochemicals”. Most of these substances are responsible for the positive properties of fruits and vegetables, which are an essential part of a healthy life with roles in ameliorating chronic illnesses and favoring longevity. Nutraceuticals are substances contained in a food or fragment of it influencing health with positive effects on health helping in precenting or treating disorders. We conducted a review illustrating the principal applications of nutraceuticals in autoimmune disorders. Literature reported several studies about exogenous dietary antioxidant supplementation in diverse autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, diabetes, and multiple sclerosis. In these pathologies, promising results were obtained in some cases. Positive outcomes were generally associated with a reduction of oxidative stress parameters and a boost to antioxidant systems, and sometimes with anti-inflammatory effects. The administration of exogenous substances through food derivates or dietary supplements following scientific standardization was demonstrated to be effective. Further bias-free and extended studies should be conducted that include ever-increasing oxidative stress biomarkers.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-3921
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/antiox10020261
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704216-9
    SSG: 15,3
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Do Alarmins Have a Potential Role in Autism Spectrum Disorders Pathogenesis and Progression?
    MDPI AG ; 2018
    In:  Biomolecules Vol. 9, No. 1 ( 2018-12-20), p. 2-
    Details
    In: Biomolecules, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 1 ( 2018-12-20), p. 2-
    Abstract: Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) represent a disabling condition in early childhood. A number of risk factors were proposed in order to explain their pathogenesis. A multifactorial model was proposed, and data supported the implication of genetic and environmental factors. One of the most accepted speculations is the existence of an imbalance of the immune system. Altered levels of cytokines, chemokines and immunoglobulins were demonstrated in patients with ASDs; in particular, proinflammatory mediators were significantly increased. Alarmins are a multifunctional heterogeneous group of proteins, structurally belonging to specific cells or incorporated by them. They are released in the surrounding tissues as a consequence of cell damage or inflammation. Their functions are multiple as they could activate innate immunity or recruit and activate antigen-presenting cells stimulating an adaptive response. Alarmins are interesting both for understanding the inflammatory process and for diagnostic purposes as biomarkers. Moreover, recent studies, separately, showed that alarmins like interleukin (IL)-33, high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), heat-shock protein (HSP) and S100 protein (S100) could play a relevant role in the pathogenesis of ASDs. According to the literature, some of these alarmins could be suitable as biomarkers of inflammation in ASD. Other alarmins, by interfering with the immune system blocking pro-inflammatory mediators, could be the key for ameliorating symptoms and behaviours in autistic disorders.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2218-273X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/biom9010002
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2701262-1
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Chlorinative stress in age-related diseases: a literature review
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2017
    In:  Immunity & Ageing Vol. 14, No. 1 ( 2017-12)
    Details
    In: Immunity & Ageing, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 14, No. 1 ( 2017-12)
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1742-4933
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1186/s12979-017-0104-5
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2168941-6
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    HMGB-1 in Psoriasis
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Biomolecules Vol. 12, No. 1 ( 2021-12-31), p. 60-
    Details
    In: Biomolecules, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 1 ( 2021-12-31), p. 60-
    Abstract: Psoriasis is a multifactorial pathology linked to systemic inflammation. Enhanced keratinocytes proliferation and a minor maturation state of the cells are typical features. Perivascular T cells, dendritic cells, macrophages, and neutrophilic granulocytes are part of the scenario completed by apoptosis dysregulation. Several proinflammatory mediators, alarmins and growth factors are increased too, both in the skin and the patients’ blood. HMGB1 is important as an alarmin in several inflammatory conditions. Released after cellular damage, HMGB1 acts as a danger signal. Several studies have considered its role in psoriasis pathogenesis. We evaluated its level in psoriasis and the potential of the alarmin blockade through standard therapies, biological treatments and using monoclonal antibodies. PV patients were shown to have significantly increased levels of HMGB1 both in lesional skin and in serum, which were linked, in some cases, to other pro-inflammatory markers and alarmins. In most cases these parameters were correlated with PASI score. Data demonstrated that blocking HMGB1 is effective in ameliorating psoriasis. Focusing on this approach could be valuable in terms of a therapeutic option for counteracting immune-related diseases in a way unthinkable until few years ago.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2218-273X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/biom12010060
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2701262-1
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