In:
PLOS Pathogens, Public Library of Science (PLoS), Vol. 17, No. 11 ( 2021-11-8), p. e1010036-
Abstract:
The burrowing nematode, Radopholus similis , is an economically important plant-parasitic nematode that inflicts damage and yield loss to a wide range of crops. This migratory endoparasite is widely distributed in warmer regions and causes extensive destruction to the root systems of important food crops (e.g., citrus, banana). Despite the economic importance of this nematode, little is known about the repertoire of effectors owned by this species. Here we combined spatially and temporally resolved next-generation sequencing datasets of R . similis to select a list of candidates for the identification of effector genes for this species. We confirmed spatial expression of transcripts of 30 new candidate effectors within the esophageal glands of R . similis by in situ hybridization, revealing a large number of pioneer genes specific to this nematode. We identify a gland promoter motif specifically associated with the subventral glands (named Rs-SUG box), a putative hallmark of spatial and concerted regulation of these effectors. Nematode transcriptome analyses confirmed the expression of these effectors during the interaction with the host, with a large number of pioneer genes being especially abundant. Our data revealed that R . similis holds a diverse and emergent repertoire of effectors, which has been shaped by various evolutionary events, including neofunctionalization, horizontal gene transfer, and possibly by de novo gene birth. In addition, we also report the first GH62 gene so far discovered for any metazoan and putatively acquired by lateral gene transfer from a bacterial donor. Considering the economic damage caused by R . similis , this information provides valuable data to elucidate the mode of parasitism of this nematode.
Type of Medium:
Online Resource
ISSN:
1553-7374
DOI:
10.1371/journal.ppat.1010036
DOI:
10.1371/journal.ppat.1010036.g001
DOI:
10.1371/journal.ppat.1010036.g002
DOI:
10.1371/journal.ppat.1010036.g003
DOI:
10.1371/journal.ppat.1010036.g004
DOI:
10.1371/journal.ppat.1010036.g005
DOI:
10.1371/journal.ppat.1010036.g006
DOI:
10.1371/journal.ppat.1010036.g007
DOI:
10.1371/journal.ppat.1010036.g008
DOI:
10.1371/journal.ppat.1010036.g009
DOI:
10.1371/journal.ppat.1010036.g010
DOI:
10.1371/journal.ppat.1010036.s001
DOI:
10.1371/journal.ppat.1010036.s002
DOI:
10.1371/journal.ppat.1010036.s003
DOI:
10.1371/journal.ppat.1010036.s004
DOI:
10.1371/journal.ppat.1010036.s005
DOI:
10.1371/journal.ppat.1010036.s006
DOI:
10.1371/journal.ppat.1010036.s007
DOI:
10.1371/journal.ppat.1010036.s008
DOI:
10.1371/journal.ppat.1010036.s009
DOI:
10.1371/journal.ppat.1010036.s010
Language:
English
Publisher:
Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Publication Date:
2021
detail.hit.zdb_id:
2205412-1
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