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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Thermodynamic Analysis of Ocean Circulation
    American Meteorological Society ; 2007
    In:  Journal of Physical Oceanography Vol. 37, No. 8 ( 2007-08-01), p. 2038-2052
    Details
    In: Journal of Physical Oceanography, American Meteorological Society, Vol. 37, No. 8 ( 2007-08-01), p. 2038-2052
    Abstract: Calculating a streamfunction as function of depth and density is proposed as a new way of analyzing the thermodynamic character of the overturning circulation in the global ocean. The sign of an overturning cell in this streamfunction directly shows whether it is driven mechanically by large-scale wind stress or thermally by heat conduction and small-scale mixing. It is also shown that the integral of this streamfunction gives the thermodynamic work performed by the fluid. The analysis is also valid for the Boussinesq equations, although formally there is no thermodynamic work in an incompressible fluid. The proposed method is applied both to an idealized coarse-resolution three-dimensional numerical ocean model, and to the realistic high-resolution Ocean Circulation and Climate Advanced Model (OCCAM). It is shown that the overturning circulation in OCCAM between the 200- and 1000-m depth is dominated by a thermally indirect cell of 24 Sverdrups (1 Sv ≡ 106 m3 s−1), forced by Ekman pumping. In the densest and deepest waters there is a thermally direct cell of 18 Sv, which requires a forcing by around 100 GW of parameterized small-scale mixing.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1520-0485 , 0022-3670
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/JPO3113.1
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 2007
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Impact of Eddy-Induced Transport on the Lagrangian Structure of the Upper Branch of the Thermohaline Circulation
    American Meteorological Society ; 2003
    In:  Journal of Physical Oceanography Vol. 33, No. 10 ( 2003-10), p. 2141-2155
    Details
    In: Journal of Physical Oceanography, American Meteorological Society, Vol. 33, No. 10 ( 2003-10), p. 2141-2155
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-3670 , 1520-0485
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/1520-0485(2003)033〈2141:IOETOT〉2.0.CO;2
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 2003
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2042184-9
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 184162-2
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Constrained work output of the moist atmospheric heat engine in a warming climate
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) ; 2015
    In:  Science Vol. 347, No. 6221 ( 2015-01-30), p. 540-543
    Details
    In: Science, American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), Vol. 347, No. 6221 ( 2015-01-30), p. 540-543
    Abstract: Incoming and outgoing solar radiation couple with heat exchange at Earth’s surface to drive weather patterns that redistribute heat and moisture around the globe, creating an atmospheric heat engine. Here, we investigate the engine’s work output using thermodynamic diagrams computed from reanalyzed observations and from a climate model simulation with anthropogenic forcing. We show that the work output is always less than that of an equivalent Carnot cycle and that it is constrained by the power necessary to maintain the hydrological cycle. In the climate simulation, the hydrological cycle increases more rapidly than the equivalent Carnot cycle. We conclude that the intensification of the hydrological cycle in warmer climates might limit the heat engine’s ability to generate work.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0036-8075 , 1095-9203
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1126/science.1257103
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    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2015
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    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2066996-3
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2060783-0
    SSG: 11
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Lagrangian decomposition of the Deacon Cell
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 2008
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research Vol. 113, No. C7 ( 2008-07-22)
    Details
    In: Journal of Geophysical Research, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 113, No. C7 ( 2008-07-22)
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0148-0227
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1029/2007JC004351
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 2008
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2033040-6
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3094104-0
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2130824-X
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2016813-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2016810-X
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2403298-0
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2016800-7
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 161666-3
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 161667-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2969341-X
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 161665-1
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3094268-8
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 710256-2
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2016804-4
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3094181-7
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3094219-6
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3094167-2
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2220777-6
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3094197-0
    SSG: 16,13
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    On the glacial and interglacial thermohaline circulation and the associated transports of heat and freshwater
    Copernicus GmbH ; 2014
    In:  Ocean Science Vol. 10, No. 6 ( 2014-11-19), p. 907-921
    Details
    In: Ocean Science, Copernicus GmbH, Vol. 10, No. 6 ( 2014-11-19), p. 907-921
    Abstract: Abstract. The thermohaline circulation (THC) and the oceanic heat and freshwater transports are essential for understanding the global climate system. Streamfunctions are widely used in oceanography to represent the THC and estimate the transport of heat and freshwater. In the present study, the regional and global changes of the THC, the transports of heat and freshwater and the timescale of the circulation between the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM, ≈ 21 kyr ago) and the present-day climate are explored using an Ocean General Circulation Model and streamfunctions projected in various coordinate systems. We found that the LGM tropical circulation is about 10% stronger than under modern conditions due to stronger wind stress. Consequently, the maximum tropical transport of heat is about 20% larger during the LGM. In the North Atlantic basin, the large sea-ice extent during the LGM constrains the Gulf Stream to propagate in a more zonal direction, reducing the transport of heat towards high latitudes by almost 50% and reorganising the freshwater transport. The strength of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation depends strongly on the coordinate system. It varies between 9 and 16 Sv during the LGM, and between 12 to 19 Sv for the present day. Similar to paleo-proxy reconstructions, a large intrusion of saline Antarctic Bottom Water takes place into the Northern Hemisphere basins and squeezes most of the Conveyor Belt circulation into a shallower part of the ocean. These different haline regimes between the glacial and interglacial period are illustrated by the streamfunctions in latitude–salinity coordinates and thermohaline coordinates. From these diagnostics, we found that the LGM Conveyor Belt circulation is driven by an enhanced salinity contrast between the Atlantic and the Pacific basin. The LGM abyssal circulation lifts and makes the Conveyor Belt cell deviate from the abyssal region, resulting in a ventilated upper layer above a deep stagnant layer, and an Atlantic circulation more isolated from the Pacific. An estimate of the timescale of the circulation reveals a sluggish abyssal circulation during the LGM, and a Conveyor Belt circulation that is more vigorous due to the combination of a stronger wind stress and a shortened circulation route.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1812-0792
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.5194/os-10-907-2014
    DOI: 10.5194/os-10-907-2014-supplement
    Language: English
    Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
    Publication Date: 2014
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    A Global Diagnostic of Interocean Mass Transfers
    American Meteorological Society ; 2001
    In:  Journal of Physical Oceanography Vol. 31, No. 6 ( 2001-06), p. 1623-1632
    Details
    In: Journal of Physical Oceanography, American Meteorological Society, Vol. 31, No. 6 ( 2001-06), p. 1623-1632
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-3670 , 1520-0485
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/1520-0485(2001)031〈1623:AGDOIM〉2.0.CO;2
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 2001
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    detail.hit.zdb_id: 184162-2
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Numerical simulation to resolve the issue of downstream migration of the Japanese eel
    Inter-Research Science Center ; 1999
    In:  Marine Ecology Progress Series Vol. 186 ( 1999), p. 303-306
    Details
    In: Marine Ecology Progress Series, Inter-Research Science Center, Vol. 186 ( 1999), p. 303-306
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0171-8630 , 1616-1599
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3354/meps186303
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Inter-Research Science Center
    Publication Date: 1999
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 800780-9
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2022265-8
    SSG: 12
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Depth distribution of larvae critically affects their dispersal and the efficiency of marine protected areas
    Inter-Research Science Center ; 2012
    In:  Marine Ecology Progress Series Vol. 467 ( 2012-10-25), p. 29-46
    Details
    In: Marine Ecology Progress Series, Inter-Research Science Center, Vol. 467 ( 2012-10-25), p. 29-46
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0171-8630 , 1616-1599
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3354/meps09963
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Inter-Research Science Center
    Publication Date: 2012
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    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2022265-8
    SSG: 12
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Last Glacial Maximum world ocean simulations at eddy-permitting and coarse resolutions: do eddies contribute to a better consistency between models and palaeoproxies?
    Copernicus GmbH ; 2013
    In:  Climate of the Past Vol. 9, No. 6 ( 2013-11-28), p. 2669-2686
    Details
    In: Climate of the Past, Copernicus GmbH, Vol. 9, No. 6 ( 2013-11-28), p. 2669-2686
    Abstract: Abstract. Most state-of-the-art climate models include a coarsely resolved oceanic component, which hardly captures detailed dynamics, whereas eddy-permitting and eddy-resolving simulations are developed to reproduce the observed ocean. In this study, an eddy-permitting and a coarse resolution numerical experiment are conducted to simulate the global ocean state for the period of the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM, ~26 500 to 19 000 yr ago) and to investigate the improvements due to taking into account the smaller spatial scales. The ocean state from each simulation is confronted with a data set from the Multiproxy Approach for the Reconstruction of the Glacial Ocean (MARGO) sea surface temperatures (SSTs), some reconstructions of the palaeo-circulations and a number of sea-ice reconstructions. The western boundary currents and the Southern Ocean dynamics are better resolved in the high-resolution experiment than in the coarse simulation, but, although these more detailed SST structures yield a locally improved consistency between model predictions and proxies, they do not contribute significantly to the global statistical score. The SSTs in the tropical coastal upwelling zones are also not significantly improved by the eddy-permitting regime. The models perform in the mid-latitudes but as in the majority of the Paleoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project simulations, the modelled sea-ice conditions are inconsistent with the palaeo-reconstructions. The effects of observation locations on the comparison between observed and simulated SST suggest that more sediment cores may be required to draw reliable conclusions about the improvements introduced by the high resolution model for reproducing the global SSTs. One has to be careful with the interpretation of the deep ocean state which has not reached statistical equilibrium in our simulations. However, the results indicate that the meridional overturning circulations are different between the two regimes, suggesting that the model parametrizations might also play a key role for simulating past climate states.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1814-9332
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.5194/cp-9-2669-2013
    DOI: 10.5194/cp-9-2669-2013-supplement
    Language: English
    Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
    Publication Date: 2013
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2217985-9
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Lagrangian decomposition of the Hadley and Ferrel cells : DECOMPOSITION OF THE OVERTURNING CELLS
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 2012
    In:  Geophysical Research Letters Vol. 39, No. 15 ( 2012-08-16)
    Details
    In: Geophysical Research Letters, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 39, No. 15 ( 2012-08-16)
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0094-8276
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1029/2012GL052420
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 2012
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2021599-X
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 7403-2
    SSG: 16,13
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