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  • 1
    In: Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Wiley, Vol. 34, No. S28 ( 2023-03)
    Abstract: Since the discovery of immunoglobulin E (IgE) as a mediator of allergic diseases in 1967, our knowledge about the immunological mechanisms of IgE‐mediated allergies has remarkably increased. In addition to understanding the immune response and clinical symptoms, allergy diagnosis and management depend strongly on the precise identification of the elicitors of the IgE‐mediated allergic reaction. In the past four decades, innovations in bioscience and technology have facilitated the identification and production of well‐defined, highly pure molecules for component‐resolved diagnosis (CRD), allowing a personalized diagnosis and management of the allergic disease for individual patients. The first edition of the “EAACI Molecular Allergology User's Guide” (MAUG) in 2016 rapidly became a key reference for clinicians, scientists, and interested readers with a background in allergology, immunology, biology, and medicine. Nevertheless, the field of molecular allergology is moving fast, and after 6 years, a new EAACI Taskforce was established to provide an updated document. The Molecular Allergology User's Guide 2.0 summarizes state‐of‐the‐art information on allergen molecules, their clinical relevance, and their application in diagnostic algorithms for clinical practice. It is designed for both, clinicians and scientists, guiding health care professionals through the overwhelming list of different allergen molecules available for testing. Further, it provides diagnostic algorithms on the clinical relevance of allergenic molecules and gives an overview of their biology, the basic mechanisms of test formats, and the application of tests to measure allergen exposure.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0905-6157 , 1399-3038
    URL: Issue
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2008584-9
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  • 2
    In: Allergy, Wiley, Vol. 78, No. 4 ( 2023-04), p. 1020-1035
    Abstract: Food challenges carry a burden of safety, effort and resources. Clinical reactivity and presentation, such as thresholds and symptoms, are considered challenging to predict ex vivo. Aims To identify changes of peripheral immune signatures during oral food challenges (OFC) that correlate with the clinical outcome in patients with peanut allergy (PA). Methods Children with a positive (OFC + , n  = 16) or a negative (OFC − , n  = 10) OFC‐outcome were included (controls, n  = 7). Single‐cell mass cytometry/unsupervised analysis allowed unbiased immunophenotyping during OFC. Results Peripheral immune profiles correlated with OFC outcome. OFC + ‐profiles revealed mainly decreased Th2 cells, memory Treg and activated NK cells, which had an increased homing marker expression signifying immune cell migration into effector tissues along with symptom onset. OFC − ‐profiles had also signs of ongoing inflammation, but with a signature of a controlled response, lacking homing marker expression and featuring a concomitant increase of Th2‐shifted CD4 + T cells and Treg cells. Low versus high threshold reactivity‐groups had differential frequencies of intermediate monocytes and myeloid dendritic cells at baseline. Low threshold was associated with increased CD8 + T cells and reduced memory cells (central memory [CM] CD4 + [Th2] T cells, CM CD8 + T cells, Treg). Immune signatures also discriminated patients with preferential skin versus gastrointestinal symptoms, whereby skin signs correlated with increased expression of CCR4, a molecule enabling skin trafficking, on various immune cell types. Conclusion We showed that peripheral immune signatures reflected dynamics of clinical outcome during OFC with peanut. Those immune alterations hold promise as a basis for predictive OFC biomarker discovery to monitor disease outcome and therapy of PA.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0105-4538 , 1398-9995
    URL: Issue
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2003114-2
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2022
    In:  Frontiers in Physiology Vol. 13 ( 2022-5-25)
    In: Frontiers in Physiology, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 13 ( 2022-5-25)
    Abstract: Food allergy is an abnormal immune response to specific proteins in a certain food. The chronicity, prevalence, and the potential fatality of food allergy, make it a serious socio-economic problem. Fish is considered the third most allergenic food in the world, affecting part of the world population with a higher incidence in children and adolescents. The main allergen in fish, responsible for the large majority of fish-allergic reactions in sensitized patients, is a small and stable calcium-binding muscle protein named beta-parvalbumin. Targeting the expression or/and the 3D conformation of this protein by adding specific molecules to fish diets has been the innovative strategy of some researchers in the fields of fish allergies and nutrition. This has shown promising results, namely when the apo-form of β -parvalbumin is induced, leading in the case of gilthead seabream to a 50% reduction of IgE-reactivity in fish allergic patients.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1664-042X
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2564217-0
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  • 4
    In: Frontiers in Immunology, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 11 ( 2021-1-28)
    Abstract: Food allergy is a collective term for several immune-mediated responses to food. IgE-mediated food allergy is the best-known subtype. The patients present with a marked diversity of clinical profiles including symptomatic manifestations, threshold reactivity and reaction kinetics. In-vitro predictors of these clinical phenotypes are evasive and considered as knowledge gaps in food allergy diagnosis and risk management. Peanut allergy is a relevant disease model where pioneer discoveries were made in diagnosis, immunotherapy and prevention. This review provides an overview on the immune basis for phenotype variations in peanut-allergic individuals, in the light of future patient stratification along emerging omic-areas. Beyond specific IgE-signatures and basophil reactivity profiles with established correlation to clinical outcome, allergenomics, mass spectrometric resolution of peripheral allergen tracing, might be a fundamental approach to understand disease pathophysiology underlying biomarker discovery. Deep immune phenotyping is thought to reveal differential cell responses but also, gene expression and gene methylation profiles (eg, peanut severity genes) are promising areas for biomarker research. Finally, the study of microbiome-host interactions with a focus on the immune system modulation might hold the key to understand tissue-specific responses and symptoms. The immune mechanism underlying acute food-allergic events remains elusive until today. Deciphering this immunological response shall enable to identify novel biomarker for stratification of patients into reaction endotypes. The availability of powerful multi-omics technologies, together with integrated data analysis, network-based approaches and unbiased machine learning holds out the prospect of providing clinically useful biomarkers or biomarker signatures being predictive for reaction phenotypes.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1664-3224
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2606827-8
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  • 5
    In: Frontiers in Allergy, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 3 ( 2022-8-4)
    Abstract: Allergens from furry animals frequently cause sensitization and respiratory allergic diseases. Most relevant mammalian respiratory allergens belong either to the protein family of lipocalins or secretoglobins. Their mechanism of sensitization remains largely unresolved. Mammalian lipocalin and secretoglobin allergens are associated with a function in chemical communication that involves abundant secretion into the environment, high stability and the ability to transport small volatile compounds. These properties are likely to contribute concomitantly to their allergenic potential. In this study, we aim to further elucidate the physiological function of lipocalin and secretoglobin allergens and link it to their sensitizing capacity, by analyzing their ligand-binding characteristics. We produced eight major mammalian respiratory allergens from four pet species in E.coli and compared their ligand-binding affinities to forty-nine ligands of different chemical classes by using a fluorescence-quenching assay. Furthermore, we solved the crystal-structure of the major guinea pig allergen Cav p 1, a typical lipocalin. Recombinant lipocalin and secretoglobin allergens are of high thermal stability with melting temperatures ranging from 65 to 90°C and strongly bind ligands with dissociation constants in the low micromolar range, particularly fatty acids, fatty alcohols and the terpene alcohol farnesol, that are associated with potential semiochemical and/or immune-modulating functions. Through the systematic screening of respiratory mammalian lipocalin and secretoglobin allergens with a large panel of potential ligands, we observed that total amino acid composition, as well as cavity shape and volume direct affinities to ligands of different chemical classes. Therefore, we were able to categorize lipocalin allergens over their ligand-binding profile into three sub-groups of a lipocalin clade that is associated with functions in chemical communication, thus strengthening the function of major mammalian respiratory allergens as semiochemical carriers. The promiscuous binding capability of hydrophobic ligands from environmental sources warrants further investigation regarding their impact on a molecule's allergenicity.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2673-6101
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3063831-8
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  • 6
    In: Clinical and Translational Allergy, Wiley, Vol. 13, No. 9 ( 2023-09)
    Abstract: Even though the prevalence of allergies is increasing, population‐based data are still scarce. As a read‐out for chronic inflammatory information, new methods are needed to integrate individual biological measurements and lifestyle parameters to mitigate the consequences and costs of allergic burden for society. Methods More than 480.000 data points were collected from 1462 Luxembourg adults during the representative, cross‐sectional European Health Examination Survey, spanning health and lifestyle reports. Deep IgE‐profiles based on unsupervised clustering were correlated with data of the health survey. Findings 42.6% of the participants reported a physician‐diagnosed allergy and 44% were found to be IgE‐positive to at least one allergen or extract. The main sensitization sources were tree pollens followed by grass pollens and mites (52.4%, 51.8% and 40.3% of sensitized participants respectively), suggesting seasonal as well as perennial burden. The youngest group of participants (25–34 years old) showed the highest burden of sensitization, with 18.2% of them having IgE to 10 or more allergen groups. Unsupervised clustering revealed that the biggest cluster of 24.4% of participants was also the one with the highest medical need, marked by their multi‐sensitization to respiratory sources. Interpretation Our novel approach to analyzing large biosample datasets together with health information allows the measurement of the chronic inflammatory disease burden in the general population and led to the identification of the most vulnerable groups in need of better medical care.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2045-7022 , 2045-7022
    URL: Issue
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2630865-4
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  • 7
    In: International Journal of Molecular Medicine, Spandidos Publications, ( 2019-07-31)
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1107-3756 , 1791-244X
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Spandidos Publications
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2083937-6
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