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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Microbial Dechlorination of 2,3,5,6-Tetrachlorobiphenyl under Anaerobic Conditions in the Absence of Soil or Sediment
    American Society for Microbiology ; 1998
    In:  Applied and Environmental Microbiology Vol. 64, No. 8 ( 1998-08), p. 2966-2969
    Details
    In: Applied and Environmental Microbiology, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 64, No. 8 ( 1998-08), p. 2966-2969
    Abstract: Bacterial enrichment cultures developed with Baltimore Harbor (BH) sediments were found to reductively dechlorinate 2,3,5,6-tetrachlorobiphenyl (2,3,5,6-CB) when incubated in a minimal estuarine medium containing short-chain fatty acids under anaerobic conditions with and without the addition of sediment. Primary enrichment cultures formed both meta and ortho dechlorination products from 2,3,5,6-CB. The lag time preceding dechlorination decreased from 30 to less than 20 days as the cultures were sequentially transferred into estuarine medium containing dried, sterile BH sediment. In addition, only ortho dechlorination was observed following transfer of the cultures. Sequential transfer into medium without added sediment also resulted in the development of a strict ortho -dechlorinating culture following a lag of more than 100 days. Upon further transfer into the minimal medium without sediment, the lag time decreased to less than 50 days. At this stage all cultures, regardless of the presence of sediment, would produce 2,3,5-CB and 3,5-CB from 2,3,5,6-CB. The strict ortho -dechlorinating activity in the sediment-free cultures has remained stable for more than 1 year through several transfers. These results reveal that the classical microbial enrichment technique using a minimal medium with a single polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congener selected for ortho dechlorination of 2,3,5,6-CB. Furthermore, this is the first report of sustained anaerobic PCB dechlorination in the complete absence of soil or sediment.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0099-2240 , 1098-5336
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/AEM.64.8.2966-2969.1998
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 1998
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 223011-2
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1478346-0
    SSG: 12
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Spatial Disparities of COVID-19 Cases and Fatalities in United States Counties
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Vol. 18, No. 16 ( 2021-08-04), p. 8259-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, MDPI AG, Vol. 18, No. 16 ( 2021-08-04), p. 8259-
    Abstract: This paper examines the spatial and temporal trends in county-level COVID-19 cases and fatalities in the United States during the first year of the pandemic (January 2020–January 2021). Statistical and geospatial analyses highlight greater impacts in the Great Plains, Southwestern and Southern regions based on cases and fatalities per 100,000 population. Significant case and fatality spatial clusters were most prevalent between November 2020 and January 2021. Distinct urban–rural differences in COVID-19 experiences uncovered higher rural cases and fatalities per 100,000 population and fewer government mitigation actions enacted in rural counties. High levels of social vulnerability and the absence of mitigation policies were significantly associated with higher fatalities, while existing community resilience had more influential spatial explanatory power. Using differences in percentage unemployment changes between 2019 and 2020 as a proxy for pre-emergent recovery revealed urban counties were hit harder in the early months of the pandemic, corresponding with imposed government mitigation policies. This longitudinal, place-based study confirms some early urban–rural patterns initially observed in the pandemic, as well as the disparate COVID-19 experiences among socially vulnerable populations. The results are critical in identifying geographic disparities in COVID-19 exposures and outcomes and providing the evidentiary basis for targeting pandemic recovery.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1660-4601
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18168259
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2175195-X
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Using the Social Vulnerability Index (Sovi) to Validate Targeting of Post-Disaster Recovery Resources
    Elsevier BV ; 2022
    In:  SSRN Electronic Journal
    Details
    In: SSRN Electronic Journal, Elsevier BV
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1556-5068
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.4207748
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2022
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The application of the Social Vulnerability Index (SoVI) for geo- targeting of post-disaster recovery resources
    Elsevier BV ; 2023
    In:  International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction Vol. 92 ( 2023-06), p. 103722-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, Elsevier BV, Vol. 92 ( 2023-06), p. 103722-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2212-4209
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdrr.2023.103722
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2695877-6
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Adhesion of anaerobic microorganisms to solid surfaces and the effect of sequential attachment on adhesion characteristics
    Informa UK Limited ; 2003
    In:  Biofouling Vol. 19, No. 1 ( 2003-02), p. 9-18
    Details
    In: Biofouling, Informa UK Limited, Vol. 19, No. 1 ( 2003-02), p. 9-18
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0892-7014 , 1029-2454
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1080/0892701021000060833
    Language: English
    Publisher: Informa UK Limited
    Publication Date: 2003
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2028369-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Identification of a microorganism that links its growth to the reductive dechlorination of 2,3,5,6‐chlorobiphenyl
    Wiley ; 2001
    In:  Environmental Microbiology Vol. 3, No. 11 ( 2001-11), p. 699-709
    Details
    In: Environmental Microbiology, Wiley, Vol. 3, No. 11 ( 2001-11), p. 699-709
    Abstract: Anaerobic bacteria reductively dechlorinate polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in aquatic sediments, but these microorganisms remain uncultured and, until now, unidentified. Through denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) of 16S rDNA from a highly enriched ortho ‐PCB dechlorinating culture, the growth of a single microorganism was shown to be dependent upon the presence and dechlorination of 2,3,5,6‐tetrachlorobiphenyl. This is the first identification of a microorganism that catalyses the reductive dechlorination of a PCB. The organism, bacterium o ‐17, has high sequence similarity with the green non‐sulphur bacteria and with a group that includes Dehalococcoides ethenogenes . Bacterium o ‐17 required acetate for dechlorination and growth. H 2 :CO 2 (80:20 at 101 kPa) did not support dechlorination or growth of the dechlorinator. Archaeal 16S rDNA was not detected in actively dechlorinating bromoethanesulphonate‐treated non‐methanogenic cultures, which indicated that methanogenic Archaea were not required for dechlorination. The consistent association with dechlorinating activity combined with high similarity to other known dechlorinating microorganisms indicates that bacterium o ‐17 catalyses the reductive ortho ‐dechlorination of 2,3,5,6‐tetrachlorobiphenyl.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1462-2912 , 1462-2920
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1046/j.1462-2920.2001.00246.x
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2001
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2020213-1
    SSG: 12
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Stimulatory and Inhibitory Effects of Organohalides on the Dehalogenating Activities of PCB-Dechlorinating Bacterium o -17
    American Chemical Society (ACS) ; 2006
    In:  Environmental Science & Technology Vol. 40, No. 18 ( 2006-09-01), p. 5704-5709
    Details
    In: Environmental Science & Technology, American Chemical Society (ACS), Vol. 40, No. 18 ( 2006-09-01), p. 5704-5709
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0013-936X , 1520-5851
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1021/es052521y
    RVK:
    AR 10100
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
    Publication Date: 2006
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 280653-8
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1465132-4
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Characterization of a Defined 2,3,5,6-Tetrachlorobiphenyl- ortho -Dechlorinating Microbial Community by Comparative Sequence Analysis of Genes Coding for 16S rRNA
    American Society for Microbiology ; 1998
    In:  Applied and Environmental Microbiology Vol. 64, No. 9 ( 1998-09), p. 3359-3367
    Details
    In: Applied and Environmental Microbiology, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 64, No. 9 ( 1998-09), p. 3359-3367
    Abstract: Defined microbial communities were developed by combining selective enrichment with molecular monitoring of total community genes coding for 16S rRNAs (16S rDNAs) to identify potential polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB)-dechlorinating anaerobes that ortho dechlorinate 2,3,5,6-tetrachlorobiphenyl. In enrichment cultures that contained a defined estuarine medium, three fatty acids, and sterile sediment, a Clostridium sp. was predominant in the absence of added PCB, but undescribed species in the δ subgroup of the class Proteobacteria , the low-G+C gram-positive subgroup, the Thermotogales subgroup, and a single species with sequence similarity to the deeply branching species Dehalococcoides ethenogenes were more predominant during active dechlorination of the PCB. Species with high sequence similarities to Methanomicrobiales and Methanosarcinales archaeal subgroups were predominant in both dechlorinating and nondechlorinating enrichment cultures. Deletion of sediment from PCB-dechlorinating enrichment cultures reduced the rate of dechlorination and the diversity of the community. Substitution of sodium acetate for the mixture of three fatty acids increased the rate of dechlorination, further reduced the community diversity, and caused a shift in the predominant species that included restriction fragment length polymorphism patterns not previously detected. Although PCB-dechlorinating cultures were methanogenic, inhibition of methanogenesis and elimination of the archaeal community by addition of bromoethanesulfonic acid only slightly inhibited dechlorination, indicating that the archaea were not required for ortho dechlorination of the congener. Deletion of Clostridium spp. from the community profile by addition of vancomycin only slightly reduced dechlorination. However, addition of sodium molybdate, an inhibitor of sulfate reduction, inhibited dechlorination and deleted selected species from the community profiles of the class Bacteria . With the exception of one 16S rDNA sequence that had the highest sequence similarity to the obligate perchloroethylene-dechlorinating Dehalococcoides , the 16S rDNA sequences associated with PCB ortho dechlorination had high sequence similarities to the δ, low-G+C gram-positive, and Thermotogales subgroups, which all include sulfur-, sulfate-, and/or iron(III)-respiring bacterial species.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0099-2240 , 1098-5336
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/AEM.64.9.3359-3367.1998
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 1998
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 223011-2
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1478346-0
    SSG: 12
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Prisoners of Scale: Downscaling Community Resilience Measurements for Enhanced Use
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Sustainability Vol. 14, No. 11 ( 2022-06-06), p. 6927-
    Details
    In: Sustainability, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 11 ( 2022-06-06), p. 6927-
    Abstract: As improved data availability and disaster resilience knowledge help progress community resilience quantification schemes, spatial refinements of the associated empirical methods become increasingly crucial. Most existing empirically based indicators in the U.S. use county-level data, while qualitatively based schemes are more locally focused. The process of replicating resilience indices at a sub-county level includes a comprehensive study of existing databases, an evaluation of their conceptual relevance in the framework of resilience capitals, and finally, an analysis of the statistical significance and internal consistency of the developed metrics. Using the U.S. Gulf Coast region as a test case, this paper demonstrates the construction of a census tract-level resilience index based on BRIC (Baseline Resilience Indicators for Communities), called TBRIC. The final TBRIC construct gathers 65 variables into six resilience capitals: social, economic, community, institutional, infrastructural, and environmental. The statistical results of tract- and county-level BRIC comparisons highlight levels of divergence and convergence between the two measurement schemes and find higher reliability for the fine-scale results.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2071-1050
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/su14116927
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518383-7
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