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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Olfactory Perception in Relation to the Physicochemical Odor Space
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Brain Sciences Vol. 11, No. 5 ( 2021-04-28), p. 563-
    Details
    In: Brain Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 5 ( 2021-04-28), p. 563-
    Abstract: A growing body of research aims at solving what is often referred to as the stimulus-percept problem in olfactory perception. Although computational efforts have made it possible to predict perceptual impressions from the physicochemical space of odors, studies with large psychophysical datasets from non-experts remain scarce. Following previous approaches, we developed a physicochemical odor space using 4094 molecular descriptors of 1389 odor molecules. For 20 of these odors, we examined associations with perceived pleasantness, intensity, odor quality and detection threshold, obtained from a dataset of 2000 naïve participants. Our results show significant differences in perceptual ratings, and we were able to replicate previous findings on the association between perceptual ratings and the first dimensions of the physicochemical odor space. However, the present analyses also revealed striking interindividual variations in perceived pleasantness and intensity. Additionally, interactions between pleasantness, intensity, and olfactory and trigeminal qualitative dimensions were found. To conclude, our results support previous findings on the relation between structure and perception on the group level in our sample of non-expert raters. In the challenging task to relate olfactory stimulus and percept, the physicochemical odor space can serve as a reliable and helpful tool to structure the high-dimensional space of olfactory stimuli. Nevertheless, human olfactory perception in the individual is not an analytic process of molecule detection alone, but is part of a holistic integration of multisensory inputs, context and experience.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-3425
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11050563
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2651993-8
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    An olfactory perceptual fingerprint in people with olfactory dysfunction due to COVID-19
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2023
    In:  Chemical Senses
    Details
    In: Chemical Senses, Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Abstract: The sense of smell is based on sensory detection of the molecule(s), which is then further perceptually interpreted. A possible measure of olfactory perception is an odor independent olfactory perceptual fingerprint (OPF) defined by Snitz et al. We aimed to investigate, whether OPF can distinguish patients with olfactory dysfunction due to COVID-19 from controls and which perceptual descriptors are important for that separation. Our study included 99 healthy controls and 41 patients. They rated ten odors using eight descriptors 'pleasant', 'intense', 'familiar', 'warm', 'cold', 'irritating', ‘edible', and ‘disgusting'. An unsupervised machine learning method, hierarchical cluster analysis, showed that OPF can distinguish patients from controls with accuracy of 83%, sensitivity of 51%, and specificity of 96%. Furthermore, a supervised machine learning method, random forest classifier, showed that OPF can distinguish patients and controls in the testing dataset with accuracy of 86%, sensitivity of 64%, and specificity of 96%. Principal component analysis and random forest classifier showed that familiarity and intensity were the key qualities to explain the variance of the data. In conclusion, people with COVID-related olfactory dysfunction have a fundamentally different olfactory perception.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0379-864X , 1464-3553
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bjad050
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1494617-8
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Facial disgust in response to touches, smells, and tastes.
    American Psychological Association (APA) ; 2023
    In:  Emotion ( 2023-06-12)
    Details
    In: Emotion, American Psychological Association (APA), ( 2023-06-12)
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1931-1516 , 1528-3542
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1037/emo0001257
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2102391-8
    SSG: 5,2
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Interoceptive accuracy and its impact on neuronal responses to olfactory stimulation in the insular cortex
    Wiley ; 2020
    In:  Human Brain Mapping Vol. 41, No. 11 ( 2020-08), p. 2898-2908
    Details
    In: Human Brain Mapping, Wiley, Vol. 41, No. 11 ( 2020-08), p. 2898-2908
    Abstract: The insular cortex plays a key role in the integration of multimodal information and in interoceptive and exteroceptive processing. For instance, neurons in the central dorsal insula that are active during interoceptive tasks, also show an adaptation to gustatory stimulation. We tested the link between interoception and exteroception for the olfactory system (i.e., the second domain of chemosensation). In a sample of 31 participants, olfactory function was assessed in a two dimensional approach while the Heartbeat Perception Task served as a measurement for cardiac interoceptive accuracy. Subsequent fMRI sessions were performed on a 3‐Tesla MR scanner containing 12–15 olfactory stimulation trials with a mildly pleasant food‐related odor (coffee). Persons scoring high in the cardiac interoceptive accuracy task presented stronger smelling abilities as well as enhanced BOLD responses following olfactory stimulation. The olfactory stimulation triggered enhanced insular activation patterns in the central dorsal insular cortex. Consistent with prior findings on the coherence of gustatory and interoceptive processing in the central dorsal insula, these results base the insula as a common region for the integration of interoception and exteroception. We propose an explanatory model of how exteroception triggers the integration of intero‐ and exteroceptive sensations in the central dorsal insular cortex.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1065-9471 , 1097-0193
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/hbm.v41.11
    DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24985
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1492703-2
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Early maladaptive schemas in patients with somatoform disorders and somatization
    Wiley ; 2019
    In:  Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy Vol. 26, No. 4 ( 2019-07), p. 418-429
    Details
    In: Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, Wiley, Vol. 26, No. 4 ( 2019-07), p. 418-429
    Abstract: Maladaptive schemas are stable relational patterns that develop through harmful childhood experiences with primary caregivers. Schemas within somatoform disorders are rarely explored even though these disorders are clinically important due to high prevalence, co‐morbidity, and cost for the health care system. This study investigates schemas according to Young's schema theory in patients with somatoform disorders in comparison with healthy controls and patients with depressive or anxiety disorders. Further associations between schemas and somatization were explored. We included 134 patients with a somatoform disorder and 39 age‐matched healthy controls, 83 patients with a unipolar depression, and 34 patients with an anxiety disorder. The clinical sample consists of day care patients, diagnosed with the Structured Clinical Interview for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders , Fourth Edition, but without a personality disorder. Primary measures were the Young Schema Questionnaire (YSQ‐S2), the Screening for Somatoform Disorders (SOMS‐7T), the Beck Depression Inventory, Second Edition, and the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. Analyses of variance indicated that somatoform patients scored higher on almost all schemas than do healthy controls ( p   〈  0.001, η 2  = 0.148). The highest mean scores were reached for the schemas “self‐sacrifice” and “unrelenting standards,” with significant higher values in the patient sample. However, when compared with patients with depressive or anxiety disorders, somatoform patients scored equally or even lower. High somatization was associated with generally higher schema activation. This effect was to a great extent mediated by depressive symptoms. Only the schema “vulnerability to harm or illness” was exclusively related to somatization. These findings suggest that schemas should be systematically assessed within psychotherapy of somatoform patients.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1063-3995 , 1099-0879
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/cpp.v26.4
    DOI: 10.1002/cpp.2363
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2004636-4
    SSG: 2,1
    SSG: 5,2
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Influence of room fragrance on attention, anxiety and mood
    Wiley ; 2017
    In:  Flavour and Fragrance Journal Vol. 32, No. 1 ( 2017-01), p. 24-28
    Details
    In: Flavour and Fragrance Journal, Wiley, Vol. 32, No. 1 ( 2017-01), p. 24-28
    Abstract: With a special focus on the potential benefits of widely used room scents, the aim of the present blinded study was to investigate attention, anxiety and mood in a large group of healthy people during exposure to various pleasant odours compared with the same situation in a non‐odourous environment. A psychological test battery (d2 test of attention, State‐Trait‐Anxiety‐Inventory, Beck Depression Inventory and Multidimensional Mood State Questionnaire) was applied to 200 normosmic subjects, placed in rooms with four different room fragrance conditions (rose odour; grapefruit odour; a combination of orange, lime and lemon odour; and a odourless control). After exposure, subjects were asked to rate occurrence and severity of heart problems (tachycardia/palpitations), headaches or breathing problems. Results revealed no significant effects of room fragrance on attention, anxiety and mood. Exposure to odours seemed to affect men and women differentially with men presenting unfavourable results in rose‐fragranced rooms whereas they seemed positively affected by the smell of grapefruit. However, these effects could only be observed when no corrections for multiple comparisons were applied. Exposure to the fragrances was not associated with a higher incidence of physical symptoms. These results suggest that the grapefruit odour may be a more suitable room fragrance for mixed‐gender groups than rose odour to reduce anxiety and to improve attention and mood. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0882-5734 , 1099-1026
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/ffj.v32.1
    DOI: 10.1002/ffj.3339
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1483463-7
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Olfactory bulb volume predicts therapeutic outcome in major depression disorder
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2016
    In:  Brain Imaging and Behavior Vol. 10, No. 2 ( 2016-6), p. 367-372
    Details
    In: Brain Imaging and Behavior, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 10, No. 2 ( 2016-6), p. 367-372
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1931-7557 , 1931-7565
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1007/s11682-015-9400-x
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2016
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2377165-3
    SSG: 5,2
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Neural processing of odor-associated words: an fMRI study in patients with acquired olfactory loss
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2020
    In:  Brain Imaging and Behavior Vol. 14, No. 4 ( 2020-8), p. 1164-1174
    Details
    In: Brain Imaging and Behavior, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 14, No. 4 ( 2020-8), p. 1164-1174
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1931-7557 , 1931-7565
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1007/s11682-019-00062-2
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2377165-3
    SSG: 5,2
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Trauma-related dissociation and the autonomic nervous system: a systematic literature review of psychophysiological correlates of dissociative experiencing in PTSD patients
    Informa UK Limited ; 2022
    In:  European Journal of Psychotraumatology Vol. 13, No. 2 ( 2022-12-19)
    Details
    In: European Journal of Psychotraumatology, Informa UK Limited, Vol. 13, No. 2 ( 2022-12-19)
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2000-8066
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1080/20008066.2022.2132599
    Language: English
    Publisher: Informa UK Limited
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2586642-4
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    C-Tactile Mediated Erotic Touch Perception Relates to Sexual Desire and Performance in a Gender-Specific Way
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2017
    In:  The Journal of Sexual Medicine Vol. 14, No. 5 ( 2017-05-01), p. 645-653
    Details
    In: The Journal of Sexual Medicine, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 14, No. 5 ( 2017-05-01), p. 645-653
    Abstract: Unmyelinated low-threshold mechanoreceptors—the so-called C-tactile (CT) afferents—play a crucial role in the perception and conduction of caressing and pleasant touch sensations and significantly contribute to the concept of erotic touch perception. Aim To investigate the relations between sexual desire and sexual performance and the perception of touch mediated by CT afferents. Methods Seventy healthy participants (28 men, 42 women; mean age ± SD = 24.84 ± 4.08 years, range = 18–36 years) underwent standardized and highly controlled stroking stimulation that varied in the amount of CT fiber stimulation by changing stroking velocity (CT optimal = 1, 3 and 10 cm/s; CT suboptimal = 0.1, 0.3, and 30 cm/s). Participants rated the perceived pleasantness, eroticism, and intensity of the applied tactile stimulation on a visual analog scale, completed the Sexual Desire Inventory, and answered questions about sexual performance. Outcomes Ratings of perceived eroticism of touch were related to self-report levels of sexual desire and sexual performance. Results Pleasantness and eroticism ratings showed similar dependence on stroking velocity that aligned with the activity of CT afferents. Erotic touch perception was related to sexual desire and sexual performance in a gender-specific way. In women, differences in eroticism ratings between CT optimal and suboptimal velocities correlated positively with desire for sexual interaction. In contrast, in men, this difference correlated to a decreased frequency and longer duration of partnered sexual activities. Clinical Implications The present results lay the foundation for future research assessing these relations in patients with specific impairments of sexual functioning (eg, hypoactive sexual desire disorder). Strengths and Limitations The strength of the study is the combination of standardized neurophysiologic methods and behavioral data. A clear limitation of the study design is the exclusion of exact data on the female menstrual cycle and the recruitment of an inhomogeneous sample concerning sexual orientation. Conclusion The present results provide further evidence that unmyelinated CT afferents play a role in the complex mechanism of erotic touch perception. The ability to differentiate between CT optimal and suboptimal stimuli relates to sexual desire and performance in a gender-specific way.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1743-6109 , 1743-6095
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2017.02.016
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2017
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