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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Wiley ; 1999
    In:  Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition Vol. 82, No. 5 ( 1999-12), p. 217-226
    In: Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition, Wiley, Vol. 82, No. 5 ( 1999-12), p. 217-226
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0931-2439 , 1439-0396
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 1999
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2020405-X
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 21
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    EDP Sciences ; 1972
    In:  Annales de Zootechnie Vol. 21, No. 2 ( 1972), p. 207-222
    In: Annales de Zootechnie, EDP Sciences, Vol. 21, No. 2 ( 1972), p. 207-222
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0003-424X
    Language: French
    Publisher: EDP Sciences
    Publication Date: 1972
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 1998
    In:  BSAP Occasional Publication Vol. 22 ( 1998), p. 300-302
    In: BSAP Occasional Publication, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 22 ( 1998), p. 300-302
    Abstract: In the Dutch protein evaluation system (Tamminga et al ., 1994) microbial protein synthesized in the rumen is estimated from the fermentable organic-matter (FOM) content. The reference method to determine FOM is by in situ incubations of food in the rumen of fistulated animals. However, this is a cumbersome, time-consuming and expensive procedure. In practice, FOM is estimated from the digestible organic-matter content (DOMD) corrected for crude fat (Cfat), rumen escape protein (EP) and starch (ES) and the fermentation products (FP), using tabular values. Apart from being indirect, this approach takes little or no account of the variability within foods. Although an in vitro method based on rumen fluid may give a good prediction of in situ FOM for the majority of the foodstuffs (Cone et al ., 1994), an enzymatic method is preferable for practical reasons. From the organic-matter (OM) degradation by a mixture of amylase and other carbohydrate degrading enzymes at 39°C during 0, 2, 6 and 24 h, Cone et al . (1996) obtained a moderate correlation with in situ FOM for 29 grass and grass silage samples ( R 2 = 0.88; residual s.d. = 37 g/kg dry matter (DM)) and 80 samples of concentrates, maize and clover ( R 2 = 0.77; residual s.d. = 42 g/kg DM). In this study a modified version of the enzymatic method of de Boever et al . (1994), normally used to predict the in vivo OM digestibility and energy value of concentrates, was tested for its reliability to predict in situ FOM of compound foods and forages.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0263-967X , 2053-5953
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 1998
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 1995
    In:  Animal Science Vol. 61, No. 1 ( 1995-08), p. 19-23
    In: Animal Science, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 61, No. 1 ( 1995-08), p. 19-23
    Abstract: Forty-eight culled dairy cows were assigned to one of two treatment groups to investigate the effect of a β-adrenergic agonist in mature cattle. They were finished during a 63-day period on a concentrate diet, containing 0 or 4 mg/kg cimaterol. No food was given in the 20 h prior to slaughter. Cimaterol had no effect on food intake, but significantly improved food conversion efficiency and increased live-weight gain, carcass weight and dressing proportion (P 〈 0·05). Cimaterol induced muscle hypertrophy as evidenced by an improved EUROP carcass classification and a higher longissimus thoracis (LT) cross-sectional area (P 〈 0·001). EUROP fat score and fat content in the carcass and the LT were lowered (P 〈 0·05). Cimaterol resulted in brighter meat (higher L-value: 37·0 v. 35·6; P 〈 0·05) with a higher shear force value (64·0 v. 46·4 Newton; P 〈 0·01) compared with control animals. It seems likely that mature cattle receiving cimaterol respond similarly to younger growing animals.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1357-7298 , 1748-748X
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 1995
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 1999
    In:  Animal Science Vol. 69, No. 1 ( 1999-08), p. 275-285
    In: Animal Science, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 69, No. 1 ( 1999-08), p. 275-285
    Abstract: To optimize performance and carcass quality of Belgian Blue double-muscled bulls four phased feeding regimens were evaluated. All diets were offered ad libitum and consisted of 650 g concentrates and 350 g maize silage per kg dry matter (DM). Total period was divided into three phases (ca. 360 to 460, 460 to 570 and 570 to 680 kg). All four groups received the same maize silage but the different energy and protein densities were applied using different concentrates. During the three phases, the negative control (NC) group constantly received a diet with a low protein and a moderate energy density; the second group (DP) received with each phase diets with decreasing protein density while the energy density remained moderate; the third group (IE) received diets with increasing energy density at a constantly high protein density and the last group (DPIE) received diets which decreased in protein and increased in energy density. The NC group grew significantly slower during the first interval (1·37 v. 1·62 kg/day for the other groups), resulting in a significantly longer total finishing period. During the third period IE had the slowest growth. The NC group needed 21 and 20 days more than the DP and DPIE groups, respectively, to reach the same slaughter weight. The NC group had the lowest DM intake during the first interval, the IE group during the third interval. No significant differences (P 〉 0·05) were found for food conversion, when expressed as DM or NEF (net energy for fattening). IE had the worst protein conversion while NC had the best, with the two other groups being intermediate. The only important significant difference concerning carcass quality was the improved dressing proportion of the IE and DP groups. Although significant, differences in the fat content of the m. longissimus thoracis are of minor importance. These results proved that for Belgian Blue double-muscled bulls, protein density of the diet can be decreased with increasing live weight, while energy should be increased to give optimal performance.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1357-7298 , 1748-748X
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 1999
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Wiley ; 1992
    In:  Grass and Forage Science Vol. 47, No. 1 ( 1992-03), p. 36-40
    In: Grass and Forage Science, Wiley, Vol. 47, No. 1 ( 1992-03), p. 36-40
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0142-5242 , 1365-2494
    URL: Issue
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 1992
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2016528-6
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    EDP Sciences ; 1980
    In:  Annales de Zootechnie Vol. 29, No. Hors-série ( 1980), p. 383-387
    In: Annales de Zootechnie, EDP Sciences, Vol. 29, No. Hors-série ( 1980), p. 383-387
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0003-424X
    Language: French
    Publisher: EDP Sciences
    Publication Date: 1980
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  • 8
    In: Reproduction Nutrition Développement, EDP Sciences, Vol. 28, No. 1 ( 1988), p. 99-100
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0181-1916
    Language: French
    Publisher: EDP Sciences
    Publication Date: 1988
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  • 9
    In: Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition, Wiley, Vol. 77, No. 1-5 ( 1997-01-08), p. 1-9
    Abstract: Six normal‐conformation and six double‐muscled Belgian White‐blue bulls were involved in a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial experiment to investigate the effect of genotype (normal versus double‐muscled), body weight (400 versus 600 kg) and dietary crude protein (135 versus 165 g per kg dry matter) on voluntary feed intake, digestion and its consequences on the nutritive value, metabolites in blood and urine and nitrogen retention. The diet consisted of concentrate and maize silage (50:50, dry matter basis) and was fed ad libitum . Double‐muscled bulls showed a significantly lower feed consumption (67.1 g DM per kg W 0.75 ) compared to normal bulls (81.5 g). When adjusted for dry matter intake, digestibility was not affected by beef type. Some feed components tended to be better digested when body weight (crude fibre and nitrogen‐free extractives) or dietary crude protein content (dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, nitrogen‐free extractives and energy) were higher. Blood urea nitrogen was not dependent on genotype, but increased with body weight and dietary protein. Creatinine concentration in the blood and daily creatinine excretion in the urine were highest in double‐muscled bulls and heavier animals. Urinary 3‐methylhistidine excretion was not different between double‐muscled and normal bulls, but increased with body weight. This was confirmed by the fact that nitrogen retention relative to intake was similar for both beef types and decreased with a higher body weight. A negative effect of stress on feed intake, muscle protein degradation and nitrogen retention in double‐muscled bulls was not excluded. Zusammenfassung Einfluß von Genotyp, Lebendmasse und Proteingehalt der Ration auf Futteraufnahme, Verdaulichkeit, Metaboliten im Blut und Harn und Stickstoffbilanz. Der Einfluß von Genotyp (konventionell oder Doppellender), Lebendmasse (400 und 600 kg) und Proteingehalt der Ration (135 oder 165 g Rohprotein pro kg Trockensubstanz) auf Verdaulichkeit, Metaboliten im Blut und Harn und Stickstoffbilanz wurde mit 6 konventionellen Bullen und 6 Doppellendern der Belgischen weißblauen Rasse untersucht. Die Ration bestand aus Kraftfutter und Maissilage (50:50 auf Basis von Trockensubstanz) und wurde ad libitum gefüttert. Die Trockensubstanzaufnahme der Doppellender lag niedriger im Vergleich mit den konventionellen Bullen (67, 1 bzw. 81, 5 g pro kg LM 0.75 ). Nach mathematischer Anpassung an die verschiedene Trockensubstanzaufnahme war die Verdaulichkeit nicht durch den Genotyp beeinflußt. Die Verdaulichkeit einiger Futterkomponenten lag höher, wenn die Lebendmasse (Rohfaser, N‐freie Extraktstoffe) und der Proteingehalt (Trockensubstanz; Organische Substanz, Protein, N‐freie Extraktstoffe und Energie) höher waren. Die Blutharnstoffkonzentration war nicht abhängig vom Genotyp, aber sie erhöhte sich mit der Lebendmasse und dem Proteingehalt. Die Blutkreatininkonzentration und die tägliche Exkretion im Harn lagen höher bei den Doppellendern und den schweren Tieren. Die 3‐Methylhistidinexkretion im Harn war nicht verschieden zwischen Doppellendern und konventionellen Bullen, erhöhte sich aber mit der Lebendmasse. Die prozentuale Stickstoffretention war ähnlich zwischen beiden Genotypen nahm aber mit höherer Lebendmasse ab. Ein negativer Einfluß von Streß auf Futteraufnahme, Muskelproteindegradation und Stickstoffretention bei den Doppellendern kann nicht ausgeschlossen werden.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0931-2439 , 1439-0396
    URL: Issue
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 1997
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    SSG: 21
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  • 10
    In: Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition, Wiley, Vol. 73, No. 1-5 ( 1995-01-08), p. 213-223
    Abstract: Zum Einfluß des Proteingehaltes auf Gewichtsentwicklung, Schlachtkörper‐ und Fleischqualität, Hormongehalt im Blut und Stickstoffbilanz bei Belgischen weißblauen Doppellenderbullen. Der Einfluß von drei Proteingehalten auf Gewichtsentwicklung, Schlachtkörper‐ und Fleischqualität wurde mit 24bzw. 51 Belgischen weißblauen Doppellenderbullen zwischen 375 und 720 kg in zwei aufeinanderfolgenden Jahren untersucht. Der Proteingehalt der Rationen betrug 77 (L), 85 (M) und 97 (H) g darmverdauliches Protein (DVP), oder 137, 146 und 166 g Rohprotein pro kg Trockensubstanz. Zu Beginn lag die tägliche Lebendmassezunahme der Gruppe L mit 1,41 kg niedriger als die der Gruppen M und H mit 1,48 kg. Danach kompensierten die Tiere von Gruppe L teilweise die Minderzunahmen, so daß die tägliche Zunahme für die ganze Versuchsdauer nicht unterschiedlich war (L: 1,30 kg; M und H: 1,34 kg). Die tägliche Aufnahme an Trockensubstanz und Energie pro kg LM 0,75 wurden nicht durch einen erhöhten Proteingehalt beeinflußt, dagegen war der Futteraufwand pro kg Zuwachs leicht reduziert. Die Schlachtkörperqualität zeigte keine wesentlichen Unterschiede. Ein Proteingehalt über 77 g DVP oder 137 g Rohprotein in der Ration verbesserte die Produktionsmerkmale nicht. Höhere Proteingehalte reduzierten die Konzentration von Thyroxin und Trijodthyronin im Blutserum. Stickstoffbilanzen mit 6 zusätzlichen Bullen bei 400 und 600 kg Lebendmasse zeigten eine 32% höhere Stickstoffretention für den höchsten Proteingehalt (54.3 g/Tag) im Vergleich mit dem niedrigsten Proteingehalt (41 g/Tag). Dieser Effekt konnte nicht gesichert werden wegen der großen Variation. Die Stickstoffausscheidungen waren erhöht.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0931-2439 , 1439-0396
    URL: Issue
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 1995
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2020405-X
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 21
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