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  • 1
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    265 Determination of microbial enzyme efficacy on fiber digestion of bermudagrass hay supplemented with either DDGS or corn
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2019
    In:  Journal of Animal Science Vol. 97, No. Supplement_3 ( 2019-12-05), p. 93-93
    Details
    In: Journal of Animal Science, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 97, No. Supplement_3 ( 2019-12-05), p. 93-93
    Abstract: Certain enzymes have improved fiber digestion of low-quality forages. Our objective was to determine the efficacy of a combination of a protease and Aspergillus oryzae and A. niger fermentation extracts on fiber digestion and rumen fermentation of bermudagrass hay supplemented with different energy concentrates. Bermudagrass hay was chopped and offered for ad libitum consumption to 20 ewes per study (33.1 ± 10.65 kg BW; Exp. 1; 36.0 ± 11.10 kg BW; Exp. 2) housed individually in 1 × 1.5-m pens (n = 5/trt). In Exp. 1, hay supplemented with DDGS at 0.25% BW, 1% BW, 1% BW + 2.3 g enzyme, or 1% BW + 3.5 g enzyme. In Exp. 2, hay was supplemented with cracked corn at the same levels as used in Exp. 1. Each experiment consisted of a 14-d dietary adaptation followed by 7 d of total fecal collection. On d 21, rumen samples were taken at 3 h intervals from each ewe for analysis of pH and VFA concentrations. Data were analyzed using PROC MIXED of SAS and orthogonal contrasts compared 0.25% vs. 1% BW, no enzyme vs. 2.3 g/d enzyme and 2.3 g/d vs. 3.5 g/d enzyme. In Exp. 1 NDF digestibility was greater (P & lt; 0.05) from 1% vs. 0.25% BW supplement. Ruminal acetate and the acetate:propionate ratio were greatest (P & lt; 0.05) from 0.25% BW vs. the other diets. Exp. 2, DM and OM intake were greater (P & lt; 0.05) from the 1% BW diets and tended (P = 0.08) to be greater from 1% BW alone vs. 1% BW + 2.3 g enzyme. Ruminal acetate concentrations were greatest (P & lt; 0.05) from 0.25% BW. Therefore, the blend of A. oryzae and A. niger fermentation extracts and a protease was not effective under the conditions of this study.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0021-8812 , 1525-3163
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/jas/skz258.192
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1490550-4
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  • 2
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    255 Determining the optimal dose of microbial enzyme to enhance fiber digestion
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2019
    In:  Journal of Animal Science Vol. 97, No. Supplement_3 ( 2019-12-05), p. 92-93
    Details
    In: Journal of Animal Science, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 97, No. Supplement_3 ( 2019-12-05), p. 92-93
    Abstract: Certain enzymes may enhance fiber digestion, but the optimum dosage for ruminants consuming bermudagrass hay is not known. The objective of this study was to determine the optimal dosage of a combination of a protease with Aspergillus oryzae and A. niger fermentation extract blend on fiber digestion and rumen fermentation of bermudagrass hay by sheep. Twenty ewes (30.3 ± 5.29 kg BW) were allocated randomly to 1 of 5 diets (n = 4/treatment). Bermudagrass hay was chopped and offered for ad libitum consumption to ewes housed individually in 1 × 1.5-m pens with plastic-coated grate flooring. Diets were supplemented with 0.25% BW of soybean meal and either no enzyme or 1.5, 3, 4.5, or 6 g of a mixture of a protease with A. oryzae and A. niger fermentation extracts in a calcium carbonate carrier. A 14-d dietary adaptation was followed by 7 d of total fecal collection. On d 21, 3 rumen samples per ewe were taken at 4 h intervals for analysis of pH and VFA concentrations. Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS and orthogonal linear and quadratic contrasts were used to assess enzyme dosage effects. Dry matter and ADF digestibility increased quadratically (P & lt; 0.05), and NDF and OM digestibility tended (P ≤ 0.07) to increase quadratically across dosages. Ruminal acetate concentrations decreased quadratically and ruminal propionate increased quadratically (P & lt; 0.05) with increasing enzyme dosage (P & lt; 0.05). Total VFA concentrations were not affected by dosage (P = 0.71), but the acetate:propionate ratio decreased quadratically (P & lt; 0.05) with increasing enzyme dosage. In conclusion, a protease and A. oryzae and A. niger fermentation extract blend increased fiber digestion, but dosages over 3 g of enzyme did not further enhance DMD or DMI.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0021-8812 , 1525-3163
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/jas/skz258.191
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2019
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  • 3
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    Effects of Yucca schidigera Based Feed Additive on In Vitro Dry Matter Digestibility, Efficiency of Microbial Production, and Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Four Dairy Diets
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Dairy Vol. 3, No. 2 ( 2022-05-06), p. 326-332
    Details
    In: Dairy, MDPI AG, Vol. 3, No. 2 ( 2022-05-06), p. 326-332
    Abstract: The present study evaluated the effects of a feed additive (synthesized from Yucca schidigera) on some fermentation variables. In the first of two experiments, seven concentrations of the feed additive were evaluated using the in vitro batch culture technique to determine the optimum dose to use in the second experiment. The substrates used were a total mixed ration (TMR) and alfalfa hay. The levels of inclusion were 0 (control), 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, and 8 g/head/d. After this initial evaluation, 2 g/head/d was selected for the second experiment. For the second study, four dietary substrates (two corn silages and two TMR; collected from different dairy farms in the Piedmont, North Carolina, area) were used. Incubation times were 3, 6, and 24 h and treatments were 0 (control) and 2 g/head/d of the feed additive. Inclusion of the feed additive did not affect (p 〉 0.05) in vitro dry matter disappearance. Additionally, the feed additive had no effect (p 〉 0.05) on short-chain fatty acid concentrations, microbial mass, and efficiency of microbial production. Methane production was reduced by 22.7% with feed additive inclusion. Similarly, lower (p = 0.013; 18%) carbon dioxide concentration was observed in the feed additive treatment. Ammonia and hydrogen sulfite concentrations were similar (p 〉 0.05) for both treatments. Inclusion of the feed additive at 2 g/head/d decreased methane and carbon dioxide concentrations in most of the diets. The energy saved by reducing the amount of methane produced was not partitioned into valuable products such as short-chain fatty acids and microbial mass.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2624-862X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/dairy3020025
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3001014-7
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  • 4
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    Key Considerations for the Use of Seaweed to Reduce Enteric Methane Emissions From Cattle
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2020
    In:  Frontiers in Veterinary Science Vol. 7 ( 2020-12-23)
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Veterinary Science, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 7 ( 2020-12-23)
    Abstract: Enteric methane emissions are the single largest source of direct greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) in beef and dairy value chains and a substantial contributor to anthropogenic methane emissions globally. In late 2019, the World Wildlife Fund (WWF), the Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy (ARPA-E) and the Foundation for Food and Agriculture Research (FFAR) convened approximately 50 stakeholders representing research and production of seaweeds, animal feeds, dairy cattle, and beef and dairy foods to discuss challenges and opportunities associated with the use of seaweed-based ingredients to reduce enteric methane emissions. This Perspective article describes the considerations identified by the workshop participants and suggests next steps for the further development and evaluation of seaweed-based feed ingredients as enteric methane mitigants. Although numerous compounds derived from sources other than seaweed have been identified as having enteric methane mitigation potential, these mitigants are outside the scope of this article.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2297-1769
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.597430
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2834243-4
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  • 5
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    344 Effects of blended microbial feed additives on receiving cattle performance and health
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2019
    In:  Journal of Animal Science Vol. 97, No. Supplement_2 ( 2019-07-29), p. 136-137
    Details
    In: Journal of Animal Science, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 97, No. Supplement_2 ( 2019-07-29), p. 136-137
    Abstract: Weaning and transit negatively affects DMI of newly received cattle. Restoring DMI is imperative to ensure rapid recovery and adequate response to immunological challenges. Eubiotics have the potential to increase DMI. The objective of this study was to evaluate effects of feeding a pre- and probiotic blend or a DFM-prebiotic blend on health and performance response by newly received crossbred cattle. Ninety-two Angus crossbred (Ranch 1) steers (n = 60; average BW 271 + 11 kg) and heifers (n = 32; Average BW 245 + 15 kg) and 89 Red Angus crossbred (Ranch 2) steers (average BW 264 + 11 kg), weaned immediately before trucking 1,520 km to the feedlot, were randomly allocated (5 to 7 hd/pen) within ranch and sex to one of 15 pens in each of two (north or south side) locations within a deep bedded confindment barn. Cattle were fed once daily for 49 d, orts were collected and weighed prior to feeding. Additives were incorporated daily into the total mixed ration as a premix using dried distillers grains. Performance data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS with pen and sex as random effects. Morbidity data were analyzed using PROC GLIMMIX of SAS. By day 7, cattle fed either additive tended (P 〈 0.10) to have greater DMI; this effect did not persist past 7 d. Cattle fed either microbial blend had heavier BW and ADG (P 〈 0.003) at day 28 and 49, which led to greater feed conversion efficiency (P 〈 0.03). Fewer (P = 0.001) cattle fed microbial blends were treated for BRD. Feeding either the prebiotic/probiotic blend or a DFM-prebiotic blend reduced morbidity and improved cattle performance during a 49-d receiving period.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0021-8812 , 1525-3163
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/jas/skz122.242
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1490550-4
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  • 6
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    2 Acute phase response to lipopolysaccharide challenge in beef steers supplemented with prebiotic blends
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2020
    In:  Journal of Animal Science Vol. 98, No. Supplement_2 ( 2020-11-28), p. 38-39
    Details
    In: Journal of Animal Science, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 98, No. Supplement_2 ( 2020-11-28), p. 38-39
    Abstract: A study was conducted to determine the effects of two prebiotic blends on the acute phase response (APR) following lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge in steers. Crossbred steers (n = 36; 273±4 kg) were fed for 21d on three different treatments: 1) Control, fed a standard receiving ration; 2) Control ration supplemented with a Prebiotic/Probiotic blend (28.4 g/hd/d; PMI); and 3) Control ration supplemented with a DFM/Prebiotic blend (19.0 g/hd/d; PMI). On d20, calves were fitted with indwelling rectal temperature (RT) monitors and jugular catheters and moved into individual stanchions in a covered barn. On d21, blood samples were collected, and sickness behavior scores recorded at 0.5-h intervals from -2 to 8h and again at 24h relative to an i.v. challenge with 0.25 µg/kg BW LPS. Serum was isolated and stored until analyzed for pro-inflammatory cytokines, cortisol and glucose concentrations. Complete blood counts were measured every 2h from -2 to 8h and again at 24h. Pre-challenge RT measured for 18h prior to the challenge tended (P = 0.10) to be affected by treatment such that calves fed the Prebiotic/Probiotic blend had greater RT than Control and tended to be greater than calves fed the DFM/Prebiotic blend (38.9, 39.2, and 39.0±0.1oC, respectively). Post-challenge RT increased 0.8–1.0oC on average but did not differ between treatments (P = 0.53). Sickness behavior scores were not different between treatments (P = 0.14). There were no differences in white blood cell or differential counts between treatments (P ≥ 0.25). Serum concentrations of TNF-α, IL-6, and IFN-γ increased in response to the challenge (P & lt; 0.01) but were not different between treatments (P ≥ 0.26). Serum cortisol and glucose concentrations were reduced in both supplemented groups compared to Control steers (P ≤ 0.006). Therefore, the data suggest that the effects of the prebiotic blends during an immune challenge were limited to alterations in metabolic biomarkers and energy utilization.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0021-8812 , 1525-3163
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/jas/skz397.088
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2020
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  • 7
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    Effect of substitution of distillers grains and glycerin for steam–flaked corn in finishing cattle diets on growth performance and carcass characteristics
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2023
    In:  Journal of Animal Science Vol. 101 ( 2023-01-03)
    Details
    In: Journal of Animal Science, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 101 ( 2023-01-03)
    Abstract: An experiment was conducted to determine the effect of substituting modified corn distillers grains with solubles (DGS) or crude soy glycerin (CG) for steam–flaked corn (SFC) in finishing diets on growth performance and carcass characteristics. Treatments were arranged as a 2 × 2 factorial with DGS (0% or 40%) and CG (0% or 10%) replacing dietary SFC in a basal diet. Growth performance and carcass traits were measured on 48 individually fed crossbred yearling cattle (21 steers and 27 heifers; 380 ± 37 kg). Cattle were randomly allotted to 48 Calan gate bunks. After the first 28 days, nine animals were removed from the study for health reasons or observed confirmation of consumption of feed from unassigned Calan gate bunk (n = 39). After the feeding period, cattle were harvested in two groups on day-124 and day-173. No DGS × CG interactions were observed (P & gt; 0.10) for any dependent growth performance or carcass characteristic variable tested. Cattle-fed DGS as 40% of diet dry matter (DM) had greater (P & lt; 0.01) dry matter intake (DMI), while CG inclusion at 10% of diet DM did not affect DMI (P = 0.16). Carcass–adjusted average daily gain (ADG) was not affected by DGS (P = 0.73) or CG (P = 0.28). Decreased (P = 0.03) carcass–adjusted gain-to-feed (G:F) was observed as the main effect of DGS. Greater DMI resulting from feeding DGS as 40% of diet DM appears to have driven the tendency for reduced G:F. Hot carcass weight, longissimus muscle area, 12th rib fat depth, yield grade, and marbling score were not (P & gt; 0.10) influenced by DGS or CG. However, kidney, pelvic, fat (KPH) was increased (P = 0.01) when cattle were fed DGS as 40% of diet DM. Based on the findings presented, it is concluded that CG can substitute up to 10% of SFC in the diet without negatively affecting cattle growth performance or carcass characteristics, regardless of DGS inclusion as 40% of the diet DM.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0021-8812 , 1525-3163
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/jas/skac348
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1490550-4
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