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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Supporting Advancement in Weather and Water Prediction in the Upper Colorado River Basin: The SPLASH Campaign
    American Meteorological Society ; 2023
    In:  Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society Vol. 104, No. 10 ( 2023-10), p. E1853-E1874
    Details
    In: Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, American Meteorological Society, Vol. 104, No. 10 ( 2023-10), p. E1853-E1874
    Abstract: Water is a critical resource that causes significant challenges to inhabitants of the western United States. These challenges are likely to intensify as the result of expanding population and climate-related changes that act to reduce runoff in areas of complex terrain. To better understand the physical processes that drive the transition of mountain precipitation to streamflow, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration has deployed suites of environmental sensors throughout the East River watershed of Colorado as part of the Study of Precipitation, the Lower Atmosphere, and Surface for Hydrometeorology (SPLASH). This includes surface-based sensors over a network of five different observing sites, airborne platforms, and sophisticated remote sensors to provide detailed information on spatiotemporal variability of key parameters. With a 2-yr deployment, these sensors offer detailed insight into precipitation, the lower atmosphere, and the surface, and support the development of datasets targeting improved prediction of weather and water. Initial datasets have been published and are laying a foundation for improved characterization of physical processes and their interactions driving mountain hydrology, evaluation and improvement of numerical prediction tools, and educational activities. SPLASH observations contain a depth and breadth of information that enables a variety of atmospheric and hydrological science analyses over the coming years that leverage collaborations between national laboratories, academia, and stakeholders, including industry.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0003-0007 , 1520-0477
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/BAMS-D-22-0147.1
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2029396-3
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 419957-1
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Press and Pulse of Climate Change: Extreme Events in the Colorado River Basin
    Wiley ; 2022
    In:  JAWRA Journal of the American Water Resources Association Vol. 58, No. 6 ( 2022-12), p. 1076-1097
    Details
    In: JAWRA Journal of the American Water Resources Association, Wiley, Vol. 58, No. 6 ( 2022-12), p. 1076-1097
    Abstract: Extremes in temperature and precipitation are associated with damaging floods, prolonged drought, destructive wildfires, agricultural challenges, compromised human health, vulnerable infrastructure, and threatened ecosystems and species. Often, the steady and progressive trends (or presses ) of rising global temperature are the central focus in how climate impacts are described. However, observations of extreme weather events (or pulses ) increasingly show that the intensity, duration and/or frequency of acute events are also changing, resulting in greater impacts on communities and the environment. Describing how the influence of extreme events may shape water management in the Colorado River Basin in clear terms is critical to sound future planning and efforts to manage risk. Three scenario planning workshops in 2019 and 2020 were held as part of a Colorado River Conversations series, identifying potential impacts from multiple intersecting extreme events. Water managers identified climate‐related events of concern in the Colorado River Basin that necessitate greater attention and adaptive responses. To support efforts to include consideration of climate‐change‐driven extremes in water management and planning, we explore the current state of knowledge at the confluence of long‐term climate shifts and extreme weather in the Colorado River Basin related to the events of concern that were identified by scenario planning participants.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1093-474X , 1752-1688
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/jawr.v58.6
    DOI: 10.1111/1752-1688.13021
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1380287-2
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2090051-X
    SSG: 14
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    On the Uncertainty of High-Resolution Hourly Quantitative Precipitation Estimates in California
    American Meteorological Society ; 2020
    In:  Journal of Hydrometeorology Vol. 21, No. 5 ( 2020-05), p. 865-879
    Details
    In: Journal of Hydrometeorology, American Meteorological Society, Vol. 21, No. 5 ( 2020-05), p. 865-879
    Abstract: The Bay Area of California and surrounding region receives much of its annual precipitation during the October–March wet season, when atmospheric river events bring periods of heavy rain that challenge water managers and may exceed the capacity of storm sewer systems. The complex terrain of this region further complicates the situation, with terrain interactions that are not currently captured in most operational forecast models and inadequate precipitation measurements to capture the large variability throughout the area. To improve monitoring and prediction of these events at spatial and temporal resolutions of interest to area water managers, the Bay Area Advanced Quantitative Precipitation Information project was developed. To quantify improvements in forecast precipitation, model validation studies require a reference dataset to compare against. In this paper we examine 10 gridded, high-resolution (≤10 km, hourly) precipitation estimates to assess the uncertainty of high-resolution quantitative precipitation estimates (QPE) in areas of complex terrain. The products were linearly interpolated to 3-km grid spacing, which is the resolution of the operational forecast model to be validated. Substantial differences exist between the various products at accumulation periods ranging from hourly to annual, with standard deviations among the products exceeding 100% of the mean. While the products seem to agree fairly well on the timing of precipitation, intensity estimates differ, sometimes by an order of magnitude. The results highlight both the need for additional observations and the need to account for uncertainty in the reference dataset when validating forecasts in this area.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1525-755X , 1525-7541
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/JHM-D-19-0160.1
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2013714-X
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Evaluation of Wintertime Precipitation Estimates and Forecasts in the Mountains of Colorado
    American Meteorological Society ; 2024
    In:  Journal of Hydrometeorology Vol. 25, No. 4 ( 2024-04), p. 565-579
    Details
    In: Journal of Hydrometeorology, American Meteorological Society, Vol. 25, No. 4 ( 2024-04), p. 565-579
    Abstract: Wintertime precipitation poses many observational and forecasting challenges, especially in the complex topography of the western United States where radar beam blockage and difficulty siting in situ observations yields more sparse observations than in the eastern United States. Uncertainty in western U.S. winter precipitation is known to be high, so much so that some studies have found model simulated precipitation to produce similar or better large-scale estimates of annual precipitation than gridded observational products during climatologically anomalous years. This study evaluates high-resolution gridded precipitation estimates from Multi-Radar Multi-Sensor (MRMS) and Stage IV as well as forecasts from NOAA’s High-Resolution Rapid Refresh (HRRR) model in the Colorado Rocky Mountains. Gridded precipitation estimates and forecasts are compared with in situ SNOTEL measurements for two seasons of wintertime precipitation. The influence of forecast length, lead time, and model elevation on seasonal precipitation predictions from the HRRR are investigated. Additional comparisons are made with the relatively dense network of observations deployed in Colorado’s East River Watershed during the Study of Precipitation, the Lower Atmosphere and Surface for Hydrometeorology (SPLASH) campaign. Gridded products and forecasts are found to underestimate cold-season precipitation by 25%–65% relative to in situ and aircraft measurements, with longer forecast periods and lead times (6–24 h) having smaller biases (25%–30%) than shorter forecast periods and lead times (55%–65%). The assessment of multiple years of observations indicates that these biases are related more to the data and methods used to create the gridded products and forecasts than to precipitation characteristics. Significance Statement In the mountainous western United States, it is very challenging to both observe and forecast wintertime precipitation, yet snowfall plays an important role in providing the region’s annual water supply. This study aims to increase our understanding of the biases in observations and forecasts of snowfall in the Colorado Rocky Mountains, which can in turn impact forecasts of water availability for the ensuing warm season. In this study we find high-resolution gridded precipitation estimates and forecasts to underestimate cold-season precipitation when compared with in situ observing stations, with longer-range forecasts (e.g., daily) being the least biased. These findings were consistent over two years of study and have broad implications for the hydrologic modeling and water management communities.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1525-755X , 1525-7541
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/JHM-D-23-0158.1
    DOI: 10.1175/JHM-D-23-0158.s1
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 2024
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2013714-X
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Assessment of antecedent moisture condition on flood frequency: An experimental study in Napa River Basin, CA
    Elsevier BV ; 2019
    In:  Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies Vol. 26 ( 2019-12), p. 100629-
    Details
    In: Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies, Elsevier BV, Vol. 26 ( 2019-12), p. 100629-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2214-5818
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrh.2019.100629
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2814784-4
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Hybrid machine learning framework for hydrological assessment
    Elsevier BV ; 2019
    In:  Journal of Hydrology Vol. 577 ( 2019-10), p. 123913-
    Details
    In: Journal of Hydrology, Elsevier BV, Vol. 577 ( 2019-10), p. 123913-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-1694
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2019.123913
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 240687-1
    SSG: 13
    SSG: 14
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Hydroclimatic Extremes as Challenges for the Water Management Community: Lessons from Oroville Dam and Hurricane Harvey
    American Meteorological Society ; 2019
    In:  Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society Vol. 100, No. 1 ( 2019-01), p. S9-S14
    Details
    In: Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, American Meteorological Society, Vol. 100, No. 1 ( 2019-01), p. S9-S14
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0003-0007 , 1520-0477
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/BAMS-D-18-0219.1
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2029396-3
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 419957-1
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Advanced Quantitative Precipitation Information: Improving Monitoring and Forecasts of Precipitation, Streamflow, and Coastal Flooding in the San Francisco Bay Area
    American Meteorological Society ; 2024
    In:  Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society Vol. 105, No. 2 ( 2024-02), p. E313-E331
    Details
    In: Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, American Meteorological Society, Vol. 105, No. 2 ( 2024-02), p. E313-E331
    Abstract: Advanced Quantitative Precipitation Information (AQPI) is a synergistic project that combines observations and models to improve monitoring and forecasts of precipitation, streamflow, and coastal flooding in the San Francisco Bay Area. As an experimental system, AQPI leverages more than a decade of research, innovation, and implementation of a statewide, state-of-the-art network of observations, and development of the next generation of weather and coastal forecast models. AQPI was developed as a prototype in response to requests from the water management community for improved information on precipitation, riverine, and coastal conditions to inform their decision-making processes. Observation of precipitation in the complex Bay Area landscape of California’s coastal mountain ranges is known to be a challenging problem. But, with new advanced radar network techniques, AQPI is helping fill an important observational gap for this highly populated and vulnerable metropolitan area. The prototype AQPI system consists of improved weather radar data for precipitation estimation; additional surface measurements of precipitation, streamflow, and soil moisture; and a suite of integrated forecast modeling systems to improve situational awareness about current and future water conditions from sky to sea. Together these tools will help improve emergency preparedness and public response to prevent loss of life and destruction of property during extreme storms accompanied by heavy precipitation and high coastal water levels—especially high-moisture laden atmospheric rivers. The Bay Area AQPI system could potentially be replicated in other urban regions in California, the United States, and worldwide.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0003-0007 , 1520-0477
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/BAMS-D-21-0121.1
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 2024
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2029396-3
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 419957-1
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    X-band Radar and Surface-based Observations of Cold Season Precipitation in Western Colorado’s Complex Terrain
    American Meteorological Society ; 2024
    In:  Journal of Hydrometeorology ( 2024-07-30)
    Details
    In: Journal of Hydrometeorology, American Meteorological Society, ( 2024-07-30)
    Abstract: Hydrologic processes associated with intermountain cold-season precipitation in the Upper Colorado River Basin have important impacts on avalanche forecasting and water resource management. However, traditional weather radar networks struggle with observations in this complex terrain. Data collected during the Study of Precipitation, the Lower Atmosphere, and the Surface for Hydrometeorology (SPLASH) and its sister campaign, Surface Atmosphere Integrated Field Laboratory (SAIL) in the East River Watershed of Western Colorado is used to examine a multi-storm period from 23 December 2021 to 1 January 2022 that contributed 35% of the total winter precipitation in this watershed. Dual-polarization X-band radar and disdrometer measurements show ~30 mm differences in precipitation amount at two sites in proximity over four distinct storm events within the period. Wind patterns, synoptic forcings, microphysical characteristics of precipitation, and surface meteorology are analyzed to explain the observed spatial variability of cold season precipitation in complex mountainous terrain. Analysis shows that differences over time within this event are mainly accounted for by synoptic forcings, such as frontal passages; differences between sites are accounted for by the impact of variations in local wind patterns on precipitation microphysics. Patterns of surface precipitation intensity are compared and found to be correlated with X-band radar signatures; a relationship between a strong dendritic growth stage and intense low-density surface precipitation is reinforced by this study. This relationship demonstrates the importance of particle growth mechanisms on surface snowfall patterns in high-altitude complex terrain, underscoring the importance of realistic microphysical parameterizations.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1525-755X , 1525-7541
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/JHM-D-23-0147.1
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 2024
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2013714-X
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The NAME 2004 Field Campaign and Modeling Strategy
    American Meteorological Society ; 2006
    In:  Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society Vol. 87, No. 1 ( 2006-01), p. 79-94
    Details
    In: Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, American Meteorological Society, Vol. 87, No. 1 ( 2006-01), p. 79-94
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0003-0007 , 1520-0477
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/BAMS-87-1-79
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 2006
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2029396-3
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 419957-1
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