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  • 1
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    Deprivation is associated with anxiety and stress. A population-based longitudinal household survey among Chinese adults in Hong Kong
    BMJ ; 2021
    In:  Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health Vol. 75, No. 4 ( 2021-04), p. 335-342
    Details
    In: Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, BMJ, Vol. 75, No. 4 ( 2021-04), p. 335-342
    Abstract: Mental illness is a major disease burden in the world and disproportionately affects the socially disadvantaged, but studies on the longitudinal association of poverty with anxiety and stress are rare, especially in Asia. Using data from Hong Kong, we aimed to (1) assess the cross-sectional association of poverty with anxiety and stress at baseline, and (2) to examine whether baseline poverty and change in poverty status over time are associated with a subsequent change in anxiety and stress. Methods Data were obtained from two waves of a territory-wide longitudinal survey in Hong Kong, with sample sizes of n=1970 and n=1224 for baseline and follow-up, respectively. Poverty was measured with a Deprivation Index and income-poverty. Anxiety and stress symptoms were assessed using Chinese Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale—21 Items. We conducted cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses on the association of poverty with anxiety and stress. Outcomes Deprivation, but not income-poverty, was significantly associated with both outcomes at baseline. Increased deprivation over time was associated with greater score and increased risk of anxiety and stress. Persistent deprivation over time was associated with greater anxiety and stress, and increased risk of incident anxiety. Interpretation Deprivation could have significant independent effects on anxiety and stress, even after adjusting for the effects of income-poverty. Greater attention should be paid to deprivation in policymaking to tackle the inequalities of mental health problems, especially since stress and anxiety are precursors to more severe forms of mental illness and other comorbidities.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0143-005X , 1470-2738
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1136/jech-2020-214728
    Language: English
    Publisher: BMJ
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2015405-7
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  • 2
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    Deprivation is associated with worse physical and mental health beyond income poverty: a population-based household survey among Chinese adults
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2018
    In:  Quality of Life Research Vol. 27, No. 8 ( 2018-8), p. 2127-2135
    Details
    In: Quality of Life Research, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 27, No. 8 ( 2018-8), p. 2127-2135
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0962-9343 , 1573-2649
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1007/s11136-018-1863-y
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2008960-0
    SSG: 5,1
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  • 3
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    The independent role of deprivation in abdominal obesity beyond income poverty. A population-based household survey in Chinese adults
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2019
    In:  Journal of Public Health Vol. 41, No. 3 ( 2019-09-30), p. 476-486
    Details
    In: Journal of Public Health, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 41, No. 3 ( 2019-09-30), p. 476-486
    Abstract: Individual-level deprivation takes into account the non-monetary aspects of poverty that neither income poverty nor socio-economic factors could fully capture; however, it has rarely been considered in existing studies on social inequality in obesity. Therefore, we examined the associations of deprivation, beyond income poverty, with both general and abdominal obesity. Methods A territory-wide two-stage stratified random sample of 2282 community-dwelling Hong Kong adults was surveyed via face-to-face household interviews between 2014 and 2015. Deprivation was assessed by a Deprivation Index specific to the Hong Kong population. General obesity was defined as body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 kg/m2, while abdominal obesity was defined as waist circumference (WC) ≥ 90 cm/80 cm for male/female. Multivariable binary logistic regressions were performed. Results Deprivation was independently associated with abdominal obesity (odds ratios (OR) = 1.68; 95% confidence intervals (CI): 1.27–2.22); however, no significant association was found with general obesity (OR=1.03; CI: 0.77–1.38). After additional adjustment for BMI, deprivation remained strongly associated with abdominal obesity (OR=2.00; CI: 1.41–2.83); and after further adjustment for WC, deprivation had a marginal inverse association with general obesity (OR=0.72; CI: 0.51–1.01). Conclusions Deprivation is an important risk factor of abdominal obesity and plays a critical role in capturing the preferential abdominal fat deposition beyond income poverty.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1741-3842 , 1741-3850
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdy161
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1497445-9
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  • 4
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    Housing affordability effects on physical and mental health: household survey in a population with the world’s greatest housing affordability stress
    BMJ ; 2020
    In:  Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health Vol. 74, No. 2 ( 2020-02), p. 164-172
    Details
    In: Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, BMJ, Vol. 74, No. 2 ( 2020-02), p. 164-172
    Abstract: We examined the association of housing affordability with physical and mental health in Hong Kong, where there is a lack of related research despite having the worst housing affordability problem in the world, considering potential mediating effect of deprivation. Methods A stratified random sample of 1978 Hong Kong adults were surveyed. Housing affordability was defined using the residual-income (after housing costs) approach. Health-related quality of life was assessed by the Short-Form Health Survey version 2 (SF-12v2), from which the physical component summary (PCS) and mental component summary (MCS) measures were derived. Multivariable linear regressions were performed to assess associations of housing affordability with PCS and MCS scores, adjusting for sociodemographic, socioeconomic and lifestyle factors. Mediation analyses were also conducted to assess the mediating role of deprivation on the effect of housing affordability on PCS or MCS. Results Dose–response relationships were observed between housing affordability and mean PCS score ( β (95% CI) compared with the highest affordable fourth quartile: −2.53 (−4.05 to −1.01), −2.23 (−3.54 to −0.92), −0.64 (−1.80 to 0.51) for the first, second and third quartiles, respectively) and mean MCS score ( β (95% CI): −3.87 (−5.30 to –2.45), −2.35 (−3.59 to −1.11), −1.28 (−2.40 to –0.17) for the first, second and third quartiles, respectively). Deprivation mediated 34.3% of the impact of housing unaffordability on PCS and 15.8% of that on MCS. Conclusions Housing affordability affects physical and mental health, partially through deprivation, suggesting that housing policies targeting deprived individuals may help reduce health inequality in addition to targeting the housing affordability problem.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0143-005X , 1470-2738
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1136/jech-2019-212286
    Language: English
    Publisher: BMJ
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2015405-7
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  • 5
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    Table_2.docx
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2022
    In:  Frontiers in Medicine Vol. 9 ( 2022-2-15)
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Medicine, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 9 ( 2022-2-15)
    Abstract: The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused psychological distress and changed human living styles. However, rare studies have examined the psychological distress and protective behaviors across different populations. Therefore, the present study aimed to assess psychological distress, protective behaviors, and potential predictors of psychological distress and protective behaviors across the Hong Kong general population, Taiwan healthcare workers, and Taiwan outpatients. Methods A cross-sectional design was used to recruit participants from Hong Kong and Taiwan. Telephone interviews were carried out for Hong Kong participants ( n = 1,067; 30.2% male participants); online surveys were used for Taiwan healthcare workers ( n = 500; 8.0% male participants) and Taiwan outpatients ( n = 192; 32.8% male participants). All the participants completed questions on psychological distress and protective behaviors. Multiple linear regressions and multivariable logistic regressions were employed to explore the potential predictors of psychological distress and protective behaviors, respectively. Results Hong Kong participants had significantly lower levels of psychological distress than Taiwan participants [mean (SD) = 0.16 (0.39) vs. 0.47 (0.59) in healthcare workers and 0.46 (0.65) in outpatients; p & lt; 0.001]. Hong Kong participants (51.7%) and Taiwan outpatients had more people showing fear of COVID-19 (52.0%) than Taiwan healthcare providers (40.8%; p & lt; 0.001). Moreover, Hong Kong participants engaged the most in protective behaviors, followed by Taiwan healthcare providers and Taiwan outpatients ( p & lt; 0.001). Moreover, being a female, fear of COVID-19 and worry about personal savings were associated with protective behaviors in general. Conclusions Despite the greater COVID-19 severity and fear of COVID-19 in Hong Kong, the general population in Hong Kong experienced less psychosocial distress with higher compliance to protective behaviors than the other groups in Taiwan.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2296-858X
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.800962
    DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.800962.s001
    DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.800962.s002
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2775999-4
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  • 6
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    Experience of South and Southeast Asian minority women in Hong Kong during COVID-19 pandemic: a qualitative study
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2023
    In:  International Journal for Equity in Health Vol. 22, No. 1 ( 2023-06-02)
    Details
    In: International Journal for Equity in Health, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 22, No. 1 ( 2023-06-02)
    Abstract: Hong Kong has a relatively low incidence rate of COVID-19 across the globe. Nevertheless, ethnic minorities in Hong Kong, especially South Asians (SAs) and Southeast Asians (SEAs), face numerous physical, mental, social, economic, cultural and religious challenges during the pandemic. This study explores the experiences of SA and SEA women in a predominantly Chinese metropolitan city. Methods Ten SA and SEA women were recruited and face-to-face interviews were conducted. Questions about participants’ daily life experience, physical and mental health conditions, economic situation and social interaction amid COVID-19 pandemic were asked to assess the impact of COVID-19. Results SAs and SEAs have a distinctive family culture, and women experienced significant physical and mental impact of COVID-19 due to their unique gender role in the family. In addition to taking care of their family in Hong Kong, SA and SEA women also had to mentally and financially support family members residing in their home countries. Access to COVID-related information was restricted due to language barrier. Public health measures including social distancing imposed extra burden on ethnic minorities with limited social and religious support. Conclusions Even when COVID-19 incidence rate is relatively low in Hong Kong, the pandemic made life even more challenging for SAs and SEAs, which is a community already struggling with language barriers, financial woes, and discrimination. This in turn could have led to greater health inequalities. Government and civil organizations should take the social determinants of health inequalities into account when implementing COVID-19-related public health policies and strategies.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1475-9276
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1186/s12939-023-01922-6
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2092056-8
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  • 7
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    COVID-19 related health inequality exists even in a city where disease incidence is relatively low: a telephone survey in Hong Kong
    BMJ ; 2021
    In:  Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health Vol. 75, No. 7 ( 2021-07), p. 616-623
    Details
    In: Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, BMJ, Vol. 75, No. 7 ( 2021-07), p. 616-623
    Abstract: We examined whether COVID-19 could exert inequalities in socioeconomic conditions and health in Hong Kong, where there has been a relatively low COVID-19 incidence. Methods 752 adult respondents from a previous random sample participated in a telephone survey from 20 April to 11 May 2020. We examined demographic and socioeconomic factors, worry of COVID-19, general health, economic activity, and personal protective equipment (PPE) and related hygiene practice by deprivation status. The associations between deprivation and negative COVID-19 related issues were analysed using binary logistic regressions, while the associations of these issues with health were analysed using linear regressions. Path analysis was conducted to determine the direct effect of deprivation, and the indirect effects via COVID-19 related issues, on health. Interactions between deprivation and the mediators were also tested. Results Deprived individuals were more likely to have job loss/instability, less reserves, less utilisation and more concerns of PPE. After adjustments for potential confounders, being deprived was associated with having greater risk of low reserve of face masks, being worried about the disease and job loss/instability. Being deprived had worse physical (β=−0.154, p 〈 0.001) and mental health (β=−0.211, p 〈 0.001) and had an indirect effect on mental health via worry and job loss/instability (total indirect effect: β=−0.027, p=0.017; proportion being mediated=11.46%). In addition, significant interaction between deprivation and change of economic activity status was observed on mental health-related quality of life. Conclusion Even if the COVID-19 incidence was relatively low, part of the observed health inequality can be explained by people’s concerns over livelihood and economic activity, which were affected by the containment measures. We should look beyond the incidence to address COVID-19 related health inequalities.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0143-005X , 1470-2738
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1136/jech-2020-215392
    Language: English
    Publisher: BMJ
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2015405-7
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  • 8
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    Table_1.DOCX
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2023
    In:  Frontiers in Public Health Vol. 11 ( 2023-4-26)
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Public Health, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 11 ( 2023-4-26)
    Abstract: Adolescents, especially the socioeconomically disadvantaged, are facing devastating psychosocial impact of the COVID-19 pandemic during their critical developmental period. This study aims to (i) examine the socioeconomic patterning of the worsening of psychosocial wellbeing, (ii) delineate the underlying mediating factors (i.e., overall worry about COVID-19, family's financial difficulty, learning problems, and loneliness), and (iii) explore the moderating effect of resilience in the inter-relationship among adolescents under COVID-19. Methods Based on maximum variation sampling of 12 secondary schools of diverse socioeconomic background in Hong Kong, 1018 students aged 14-16 years were recruited and completed the online survey between September and October 2021. Multi-group structural equation modeling (SEM) by resilience levels was employed to delineate the pathways between socioeconomic position and the worsening of psychosocial wellbeing. Results SEM analysis showed a significant total effect of socioeconomic ladder with the worsening of psychosocial wellbeing during the pandemic in the overall sample (β = −0.149 [95% CI = −0.217 – −0.081], p & lt; 0.001), which operated indirectly through learning problems and loneliness (both p & lt; 0.001 for their indirect effects). Consistent pattern with stronger effect size was observed in the lower resilience group; nonetheless, the associations were substantially mitigated in the higher resilience group. Conclusion In addition to facilitating self-directed learning and easing loneliness during the pandemic, evidence-based strategies to build up resilience among adolescents are critical to buffer against the adverse socioeconomic and psychosocial impacts of the pandemic or other potential catastrophic events in the future.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2296-2565
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1136744
    DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1136744.s001
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2711781-9
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  • 9
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    The mediating role of individual-level social capital among worries, mental health and subjective well-being among adults in Hong Kong during the COVID-19 pandemic
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2023
    In:  Current Psychology Vol. 42, No. 12 ( 2023-04), p. 10260-10270
    Details
    In: Current Psychology, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 42, No. 12 ( 2023-04), p. 10260-10270
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1046-1310 , 1936-4733
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-02316-z
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2021598-8
    SSG: 5,2
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  • 10
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    Inequalities in Psychiatric Morbidity in Hong Kong and Strategies for Mitigation
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Vol. 19, No. 12 ( 2022-06-09), p. 7095-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, MDPI AG, Vol. 19, No. 12 ( 2022-06-09), p. 7095-
    Abstract: This study explores the social gradient of psychiatric morbidity. The Hong Kong Mental Morbidity Survey (HKMMS), consisting of 5719 Chinese adults aged 16 to 75 years, was used. The Chinese version of the Revised Clinical Interview Schedule (CIS-R) was employed for psychiatric assessment of common mental disorders (CMD). People with a less advantaged socioeconomic position (lower education, lower household income, unemployment, small living area and public rental housing) had a higher prevalence of depression and anxiety disorder. People with lower incomes had worse physical health (OR 2.01, 95% CI 1.05–3.82) and greater odds of having CMD in the presence of a family history of psychiatric illnesses (OR 1.67, 95% CI 1.18–2.36). Unemployment also had a greater impact for those in lower-income groups (OR 2.67; 95% CI 1.85–3.85), whereas no significant association was observed in high-income groups (OR 0.56; 95% CI 0.14–2.17). Mitigating strategies in terms of services and social support should target socially disadvantaged groups with a high risk of psychiatric morbidity. Such strategies include collaboration among government, civil society and business sectors in harnessing community resources.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1660-4601
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19127095
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2175195-X
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