In:
Journal of Medical Primatology, Wiley, Vol. 26, No. 1-2 ( 1997-02-04), p. 11-18
Abstract:
Abstract: Until recently, chimpanzees were considered susceptible to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV‐1) infection, but refractory to disease induction based on the asymptomatic status of all experimentally infected chimpanzees after over 10 years postinfection (PI). However, a decline in peripheral CD4 + T cells was noted in one chimpanzee (C499) of the Yerkes cohort of HIV‐1 infected apes, after 11 years PI concurrent with increasing plasma viral load. These clinical signs were followed by the occurrence of opportunistic infections, thrombocytopenia, and progressive anemia leading to euthanasia. A second chimpanzee (C455) was transfused with blood from C499 collected during the symptomatic stage. Shortly thereafter, this second animal showed a rapid decline in peripheral CD4 + T‐cell levels and sustained high viral load. Hematological analyses showed a 50% decrease in CFU‐GM for both apes during the symptomatic phase and a reduction of 40% and 73% of the total CFU despite normal levels of CD34 + cells in the bone marrow. Cryopreserved sequential PBMC samples from these two chimpanzees were analyzed for constitutive and PHA‐P induced levels of cytokines and chemokines. Data show that whereas there were no detectable constitutive levels of mRNA coding for IL‐2, 4, and 10, there appears to be a transient increase in IFN‐γ message level coincident with increased viremia and this IFN‐γ synthesis decreased with disease progression. PHA‐induced cytokine mRNA analysis showed low or undetectable levels of IL‐4 and IL‐10 mRNA in all samples and a marked decrease in the levels of IL‐2 shortly after HIV infection. In addition, there was also a gradual decrease in IFN‐y mRNA with progression of disease. Of interest were the findings of high to normal levels of PHA‐induced synthesis of the chemokines MIP‐1γ, MIP‐1β, and RANTES in samples during the asymptomatic and early symptomatic period, which also dramatically decreased at late stages of the disease. These data suggest important roles for IL‐2, IFN‐γ, and the chemokines in the regulation of immune responses in HIV‐1‐infected chimpanzees.
Type of Medium:
Online Resource
ISSN:
0047-2565
,
1600-0684
DOI:
10.1111/jmp.1997.26.issue-1-2
DOI:
10.1111/j.1600-0684.1997.tb00314.x
Language:
English
Publisher:
Wiley
Publication Date:
1997
detail.hit.zdb_id:
2026219-X
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