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  • 1
    In: Cancer Research, American Association for Cancer Research (AACR), Vol. 78, No. 4_Supplement ( 2018-02-15), p. P6-09-03-P6-09-03
    Abstract: Background: HR+ breast cancer in younger vs older patients may have distinct biological features. The Breast Cancer Index (BCI) is a gene expression-based assay that includes two component biomarkers: the HoxB13/IL17BR (H/I ratio), an endocrine response biomarker; and the molecular grade index (MGI), a set of proliferation-related genes. The objective of this study was to assess age-related associations with endocrine sensitivity (H/I), proliferative status (MGI), and quantitative expression of ER and PR. Methods: Data were extracted from the BCI Clinical Database for Correlative Studies, an IRB-approved de-identified database containing clinicopathologic and molecular variables from clinical cases submitted for BCI testing. Molecular results from H/I, MGI, and quantitative (qPCR–based) ER and PR were analyzed across age groups. Chi-squared tests and ANOVA were used to compare the results between age groups ( & lt;40y, 40-49y, 50-59y, 60-69y, and ≥70y). Results: Analyses included 19,126 patients (median age at diagnosis 58.6y; 4.5% & lt;40y, 20.6% 40-49y, 28.9% 50-59y, 32.5% 60-69y, and 13.6% ≥70y). Proliferation status (MGI) was significantly higher in patients & lt;40y and 40-49y compared to older groups (P & lt;.0001).H/I analysis indicated a similar distribution of high versus low endocrine responsiveness across all groups (P=.94), except the 40-49y group, in which fewer patients had high H/I (44.2% in & lt;40y, 39.4% in 40-49y, 43.7% in 50-59y, 43.7% in 60-69y, and 43.1% in ≥70y; P=.0001). Median qER increased with age (P & lt;0.0001), while qPR was similar across all age groups except for the 40-49y group (P=.57), in which expression was higher (P & lt;.0001). Conclusion: Results from & gt;19,000 patients with early-stage HR+ breast cancer and BCI testing showed a broad distribution in all variables. Tumors from the youngest patients ( & lt;40y) had the highest expression of proliferative genes and the lowest quantitative ER expression. However, endocrine response, according to the H/I biomarker, does not appear to be strongly linked to age. Citation Format: Melisko M, Chien AJ, Poage GM, Salganik M, Schnabel CA, Ruddy KJ, Blackwell K. Gene expression patterns in younger versus older HR+ breast cancer patients: An age-related analysis of HoxB13/IL17BR (H/I), proliferation status, and quantitative hormone receptor expression [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2017 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2017 Dec 5-9; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P6-09-03.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0008-5472 , 1538-7445
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    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
    Publication Date: 2018
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  • 2
    In: Cancer Research, American Association for Cancer Research (AACR), Vol. 77, No. 4_Supplement ( 2017-02-15), p. P6-11-04-P6-11-04
    Abstract: Background: I-SPY 2 is a multicenter, phase 2 trial using response-adaptive randomization within biomarker subtypes to evaluate novel agents when added to standard neoadjuvant therapy for women with high-risk stage II/III breast cancer - investigational agent(I) +paclitaxel(T) qwk, doxorubicin & cyclophosphamide(AC) q2-3 wk x 4 vs. T/AC (control arm). The primary endpoint is pathologic complete response (pCR) at surgery. The goal is to identify/graduate regimens that have ≥85% Bayesian predictive probability of success (statistical significance) in a 300-patient phase 3 neoadjuvant trial defined by hormone-receptor (HR) & HER2 status & MammaPrint (MP). Regimens may also leave the trial for futility ( & lt; 10% probability of success) or following accrual of maximum sample size (10% & lt; probability of success & lt;85%). We report the results for experimental arm Ganitumab, a type I insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF1R) inhibitor. IGF1R inhibitors are known to induce insulin resistance and all patients assigned to Ganitumab received metformin. Methods: Women with tumors ≥2.5cm were eligible for screening. MP low/HR+ and HER2+ tumors were ineligible for randomization. Hemoglobin A1C≥ 8.0% were ineligible. MRI scans (baseline, 3 cycles after start of therapy, at completion of weekly T and prior to surgery) were used in a longitudinal statistical model to improve the efficiency of adaptive randomization. Ganitumab was given at 12mg/kg q2 weeks and metformin at 850mg PO BID, while receiving ganitumab. Analysis was intention to treat with patients who switched to non-protocol therapy counted as non-pCRs. Ganitumab/metformin was open only to HER2- patients, and eligible for graduation in 3 of 10 pre-defined signatures: HER2-, HR+HER2- and HR-HER2-. Results: Ganitumab/metformin did not meet the criteria for graduation in the 3 signatures tested. When the maximum sample size was reached, accrual to this arm stopped. Ganitumab/metformin was assigned to 106 patients; there were 128 controls. We report probabilities of superiority for Ganitumab/metformin over control and Bayesian predictive probabilities of success in a neoadjuvant phase 3 trial equally randomized between Ganitumab/metformin and control, for each of the 3 biomarker signatures, using the final pathological response data from all patients. Safety data will be presented. SignatureEstimated pCR Rate (95% probability interval)Probability Ganitumab/ Metformin Is Superior to ControlPredictive Probability of Success in Phase 3 Ganitumab/ Metformin N = 106Control N = 128  All HER2-22% (13%-31%)16% (10%-23%)89%33%HR+/HER2-14% (4%-24%)12% (4%-19%)66%21%HR-/HER2-32% (17%-46%)21% (11%-32%)91%51% Conclusion: The I-SPY 2 adaptive randomization study estimates the probability that investigational regimens will be successful in a phase 3 neoadjuvant trial. The value of I-SPY 2 is to give insight about the performance of an investigational agent's likelihood of achieving pCR. For Ganitumab/metformin, no subtype came close to the efficacy threshold of 85% likelihood of success in phase 3, and this regimen does not appear to impact upfront reduction of tumor burden. Our data do not support its continued development for the neoadjuvant treatment of breast cancer. Citation Format: Yee D, Paoloni M, van't Veer L, Sanil A, Yau C, Forero A, Chien AJ, Wallace AM, Moulder S, Albain KS, Kaplan HG, Elias AD, Haley BB, Boughey JC, Kemmer KA, Korde LA, Isaacs C, Minton S, Nanda R, DeMichele A, Lang JE, Buxton MB, Hylton NM, Symmans WF, Lyandres J, Hogarth M, Perlmutter J, Esserman LJ, Berry DA. The evaluation of ganitumab/metformin plus standard neoadjuvant therapy in high-risk breast cancer: Results from the I-SPY 2 trial [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2016 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2016 Dec 6-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P6-11-04.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0008-5472 , 1538-7445
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    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
    Publication Date: 2017
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  • 3
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    American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) ; 2019
    In:  Cancer Research Vol. 79, No. 4_Supplement ( 2019-02-15), p. PD7-06-PD7-06
    In: Cancer Research, American Association for Cancer Research (AACR), Vol. 79, No. 4_Supplement ( 2019-02-15), p. PD7-06-PD7-06
    Abstract: Background: Invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) of the breast has distinct histological and molecular variations compared to invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC), including absence of the adhesion protein E-cadherin. Recently, molecular subtypes within ILC have been described, with an analysis from The Cancer Genome Atlas (Ciriello et al) identifying three distinct groups within ILC based on gene expression—reactive-like, immune-related, and proliferative. In this study, we applied this 60-gene classifier to a locally advanced cohort of ILC and mixed ILC/IDC cases from patients screening for the I-SPY 2 neoadjuvant chemotherapy trial. Methods: The I-SPY 2 TRIAL is open to women with more locally advanced, clinically/molecularly (as assessed by MammaPrint) high risk breast cancer. HR+HER2- MammaPrint Low risk patients ineligible for I-SPY 2 randomization are invited to join a MP Low risk registry. 131 ILC and mixed ILC/IDC tumors from these cohorts (I-SPY 2: n=80; low risk registry: n=51) with pre-treatment Agilent microarrays were available for analysis. We used the Classification to Nearest Centroid technique to assign TCGA subtype to our cohort. We assessed association between TCGA subtype, clinical covariates and response to therapy using a chi-square test. We also evaluated the Euclidean distance between each sample and the three subtype centroids. In an exploratory analysis, we used consensus clustering based on the 1000 most varying genes within the HR+HER2- I-SPY ILC cases to generate new unsupervised groupings, and assessed the concordance with the TCGA reactive-like, immune-related and proliferative subtype assignments. Results: Of the 131 patients included, most (79%) were HR+HER2-, 11% were HR+HER2+, 2% were HR-HER2+ and 8% were HR-HER2- for a total of 10% HR-. 66 were pure ILC, while 65 were mixed ILC/IDC. Upon applying the TCGA 60-gene classifier, the distribution of ILC subtypes was as follows: 33 (25%) were classified as reactive-like, 50 (38%) were immune-related, and 48 (37%) were proliferative. 64% of triple negative cases were reactive-like; while the HR+HER2- and HER2+ cases were more likely to be in the proliferative or immune-related subtype (p=0.037). Among the 80 I-SPY 2 cases, the overall pathologic complete response rate was low (16%) but equivalent to the overall HR+HER2- I-SPY2 population (16%). This did not differ across the groups defined by the TCGA ILC subtypes (p=0.79). Interestingly, a subset of cases assigned as reactive-like and immune-related were of similar distance to the proliferative subtype centroid as patients assigned to the proliferative subtype. When we used consensus clustering to identify new subsets within our locally advanced ILC cohort, our unsupervised groupings had only 32% concordance with the TCGA ILC subtype assignments. Conclusion: The low concordance between our consensus cluster groupings and the TCGA subtype groupings may reflect underlying differences within a locally advanced cohort of ILC cases, like I-SPY, that may not be captured in the 60-gene classifier developed from the overall lower stage TCGA cohort. These findings suggest that considerable molecular heterogeneity exists in lobular cancers, which merits further investigation. Citation Format: Zhu Z, Yau C, Chien AJ, Haddad T, Esserman LJ, van't Veer L, Mukhtar RA, I-SPY2 Consortium. Molecular subtypes of invasive lobular breast cancer in the I-SPY2 TRIAL [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2018 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2018 Dec 4-8; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(4 Suppl):Abstract nr PD7-06.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0008-5472 , 1538-7445
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    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
    Publication Date: 2019
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  • 4
    In: Cancer Research, American Association for Cancer Research (AACR), Vol. 79, No. 4_Supplement ( 2019-02-15), p. P2-14-01-P2-14-01
    Abstract: Background: In women with breast cancer receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy, residual cancer burden (RCB) predicts distant recurrence and survival. In those with high risk tumors, locoregional recurrence (LRR) remains a concern, and has been associated with type of local therapy received. We evaluated the impact of local therapy on LRR in the ISPY-2 TRIAL. Methods: Data were analyzed in Stata 14.2, using Chi2 test, log rank test, and a Cox proportional hazards model. RCB was considered a categorical variable (0/1 versus 2/3), as described in prior publications. Breast surgery categories were lumpectomy +/- radiotherapy, or mastectomy +/- radiotherapy. Axillary surgery was defined as sentinel lymph node (SLN) surgery (≤6 nodes removed) or axillary dissection ( & gt;6 nodes). Results: Follow up data from the I-SPY2 TRIAL were available for 630 patients (median follow up 2.76 yrs, range 0.4-7.2). Type of local therapy was significantly associated with clinical stage at presentation, with stage III patients most frequently undergoing mastectomy + radiation (p & lt;0.001). Women with higher RCB were more likely to undergo mastectomy than those with lower RCB (61.3% vs 48.8% mastectomy rate, p=0.002), and more likely to receive adjuvant radiotherapy (62.0% vs 53.9%, p=0.048). There was no association between clinical stage, type of surgery, or radiotherapy and LRR (Table). Higher RCB was significantly associated with LRR, with 3 year locoregional recurrence free rate of 95.1% in RCB 0/1 versus 89.9% in RCB 2/3 (p=0.003). In a Cox model adjusting for clinical stage, tumor subtype, surgical therapy, RCB status, nodal radiation, and age, significant predictors for LRR were tumor subtype and RCB status. Hazard ratio (HR) for LRR in those with RCB 0/1 was 0.39 compared to those with RCB 2/3 (95% CI 0.17-0.87, p=0.021). There was no difference in LRR between breast conservation and mastectomy; within the breast conservation group, those who had lumpectomy alone had higher hazard of LRR compared to those having lumpectomy + radiation (HR 3.1, 95% CI 1.1-9.2, p=0.043). Conclusions: Extent of surgical therapy was not associated with local tumor control, regardless of advanced tumor stage at presentation. Rather, tumor biology and response to therapy were the best predictors of LRR. These data highlight the opportunity to minimize the morbidity of extensive surgical therapy for patients with excellent response to systemic therapy. LRR rates by clinical features and treatment status FrequencyLRR RateP valueClinical Stage  0.5I240 (47.5%)5.8% II185 (36.6%)8.7% III80 (15.8%)6.3% Tumor Subtype  0.014ER+PR+Her2-161 (26.4%)3.1% ER+PR-Her2-56 (9.2%)3.6% Her2+176 (28.9%)6.3% Triple negative216 (35.5%)11.1% Local therapy  0.169Lumpectomy85 (13.5%)11.8% Lumpectomy with radiation198 (31.4%)5.6% Mastectomy173 (27.5%)5.2% Mastectomy with radiation174 (27.6%)8.6% Axillary surgery  0.23None5 (0.8%)20% SLN329 (52.2%)5.8% ALND296 (47%)8.5% Axillary radiation  0.535Yes42 (6.7%)9.5% No588 (93.3%)7.0% Axillary management  0.2No surgery or radiation5 (0.8%)20.0% SLN312 (50%)5.3% SLN+Axillary radiation17 (2.7%)8.3% ALND271 (43%)10.3% ALND+Axillary radiation25 (4%)5.4% RCB  0.0020/1293 (50.1%)3.8% 2/3292 (49.9%)10.3%  Citation Format: Silverstein J, Suleiman L, Yau C, Price ER, Singhrao R, Yee D, DeMichele A, Isaacs C, Albain KS, Chien AJ, Forero-Torres A, Wallace AM, Pusztai L, Ellis ED, Elias AD, Lang JE, Lu J, Han HS, Clark AS, Korde L, Nanda R, Northfelt DW, Khan QJ, Viscusi RK, Euhus DM, Edmiston KK, Chui SY, Kemmer K, Wood WC, Park JW, Liu MC, Olopade O, Leyland-Jones B, Tripathy D, Moulder SL, Rugo HS, Schwab R, Lo S, Helsten T, Beckwith H, I-SPY 2 TRIAL Consortium, Berry DA, Asare SM, Esserman LJ, Boughey JC, Mukhtar RA. The impact of local therapy on locoregional recurrence in women with high risk breast cancer in the neoadjuvant I-SPY2 TRIAL [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2018 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2018 Dec 4-8; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P2-14-01.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0008-5472 , 1538-7445
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    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
    Publication Date: 2019
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  • 5
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    American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) ; 2019
    In:  Cancer Research Vol. 79, No. 4_Supplement ( 2019-02-15), p. P1-15-02-P1-15-02
    In: Cancer Research, American Association for Cancer Research (AACR), Vol. 79, No. 4_Supplement ( 2019-02-15), p. P1-15-02-P1-15-02
    Abstract: This abstract was withdrawn by the authors. Citation Format: Schwab R, Clark A, Yau C, Wolf D, Chien AJ, Majure M, Ewing C, Wallace A, Roesch E, Helsten T, Forero A, Stringer-Reasor E, Vaklavas C, Nanda R, Jaskowiak N, Boughey J, Haddad T, Han H, Lee C, Albain K, Isaacs C, Elias A, Ellis E, Shah P, Lang J, Lu J, Tripathy D, Kemmer K, Yee D, Haley B, Korde L, Edmiston K, Northfelt D, Viscusi R, Khan Q, I-SPY 2 Consortium, Symmans WF, Perlmutter J, Hylton N, Rugo H, Melisko M, Wilson A, Singhrao R, Asare S, van't Veer L, DeMichele A, Berry D, Esserman L. Withdrawn [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2018 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2018 Dec 4-8; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P1-15-02.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0008-5472 , 1538-7445
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    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
    Publication Date: 2019
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  • 6
    In: Cancer Research, American Association for Cancer Research (AACR), Vol. 79, No. 4_Supplement ( 2019-02-15), p. PD2-01-PD2-01
    Abstract: ctDNA analysis offers a non-invasive approach for monitoring response and resistance to treatment. Serial ctDNA testing during neoadjuvant therapy (NAT) may provide early indicators of emerging resistance and disease progression. In this study, we analyzed ctDNA from high-risk early breast cancer patients who received NAT and definitive surgery in the I-SPY 2 TRIAL (NCT01042379). We hypothesize that (1) assessment of ctDNA levels early in treatment will improve the performance of molecular and imaging-based predictors of pathologic complete response (pCR) to NAT; and (2) levels of ctDNA after NAT are associated with residual cancer burden and recurrence [distant recurrence free survival (DRFS)]. Methods: ctDNA analysis was performed in 84 high-risk stage II and III breast cancer patients randomized to neoadjuvant investigational agent (n=52), AKT inhibitor MK-2206 (M) in combination with paclitaxel (T) followed by doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide (AC) (M+T- & gt;AC), or standard-of-care (T- & gt;AC) (n=32). HER2+ patients also received trastuzumab (H). Serial plasma was collected before NAT (T0), early treatment (3 weeks, T1), between regimens (12 weeks, T2), and after NAT prior to surgery (T3). Mutational profiles derived from pretreatment tumor biopsy and normal matched DNA whole exome sequencing were used to design personalized assays targeting 16 patient-specific somatic variants to detect ctDNA in serial plasma. Results: Of the 84 patients in this study, 43% were HR-/HER2- (TNBC), 35% HR+/HER2-, and 23% HER2+. In total, 74% (61 of 83), 35% (28 of 79), 14% (9 of 65), and 8% (5 of 61) were positive for ctDNA at timepoints T0, T1, T2, and T3, respectively. At T0, ctDNA positivity and levels (average number of mutant molecules detected per mL) were significantly associated with increased tumor burden (by clinical and MRI examination), more aggressive tumor biology (as reflected in higher Mammaprint scores and grade) and subtype (HER2+ and TNBC). Twenty-seven percent (27%) of the 84 patients achieved a pCR and all patients who were ctDNA-positive at T3 (n=5) did not achieve a pCR. Currently, data are being collected to: (1) assess the relationship of ctDNA and MRI imaging in predicting tumor response to therapy; (2) examine the relationship of ctDNA levels before and after NAT with 3-year DRFS and event-free survival (EFS). The results of these analyses will be presented at the SABCS 2018 meeting. Conclusions: Our study provides a platform to evaluate the clinical significance of ctDNA for serial monitoring of response to NAT. Accurate and early response prediction by highly sensitive ctDNA analysis can facilitate a timely and judicious change in treatment to improve patients' chances of achieving a pCR. Finally, personalized ctDNA testing may complement imaging and pathologic evaluation of tumor response to fine-tune pCR as a surrogate endpoint for improved DRFS and EFS. Citation Format: Magbanua MJM, Brown-Swigart L, Hirst GL, Yau C, Wolf D, Ma AA, Bergin E, Venters S, Sethi H, Wu H-T, Salari R, Tin T, Sawyer S, Louie M, Zimmermann B, Lin C-HJ, Keats J, Liang WS, Cuyugan L, Enriquez D, Tripathy D, Chien AJ, Forero A, DeMichele A, Liu M, Delson AL, Asare S, Esserman L, van't Veer L, I-SPY 2 Consortium. Personalized serial circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) analysis in high-risk early stage breast cancer patients to monitor and predict response to neoadjuvant therapy and outcome in the I-SPY 2 TRIAL [abstract] . In: Proceedings of the 2018 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2018 Dec 4-8; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(4 Suppl):Abstract nr PD2-01.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0008-5472 , 1538-7445
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    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
    Publication Date: 2019
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  • 7
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    American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) ; 2013
    In:  Cancer Research Vol. 73, No. 24_Supplement ( 2013-12-15), p. P3-08-18-P3-08-18
    In: Cancer Research, American Association for Cancer Research (AACR), Vol. 73, No. 24_Supplement ( 2013-12-15), p. P3-08-18-P3-08-18
    Abstract: Background: The use of tamoxifen has been shown to delay the recovery of chemotherapy-induced amenorrhea, however the independent impact of long-term endocrine therapy on ovarian aging is not known, and to our knowledge, has never been directly investigated. Understanding the effect of endocrine therapy on ovarian aging will help breast cancer patients of reproductive age make more informed and empowered decisions regarding their treatment. The aim of this study is to explore the relationship between tamoxifen therapy and age onset of menopause. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study using patients identified through the UCSF Cancer Registry and UCSF SPORE database. Women who were diagnosed with Stage 1-3 invasive or in situ breast cancer between 1985 and 2011, who were premenopausal at the time of diagnosis and who did not receive systemic chemotherapy were included. Patients with recurrent disease and prior ovarian surgery were excluded. Eligibility was confirmed by telephone, and online or paper surveys were distributed to eligible subjects only. Age onset of menopause was the primary endpoint of the study and was defined as the age at which a woman had her last period and no menses for 12 months. Age onset of menopause was assessed through surveys. The primary analysis compared age onset of menopause between subjects who received tamoxifen for any duration and control subjects who never received tamoxifen. Secondary analyses were performed using a Cox proportional hazards model to determine whether duration of tamoxifen exposure and age of tamoxifen initiation impacted age onset of menopause in subjects treated with tamoxifen. Results: A total of 1137 potential subjects believed to meet eligibility criteria were identified and called, and 649 subjects were reached. Eligibility was confirmed by phone in 340 subjects. A total of 336 subjects consented to participate in the study, and 262 (78%) completed and returned the survey. 227 subjects were included in the primary analysis of which 110 subjects received prior tamoxifen, and 117 subjects received no prior tamoxifen. At the time of the survey, 16.3% vs. 20.2% of patients under age 50 that were exposed and not exposed to tamoxifen entered menopause, respectively. The median age onset of menopause was 50.94 and 51.34 for the tamoxifen and no tamoxifen groups, respectively. The hazard ratio between these groups was 1.077 which was not statistically significant (p = 0.6917). No association (p = 0.55) was found between the duration of tamoxifen use and the age onset of menopause. When controlling for tamoxifen duration, there was no significant difference (p = 0.93) in age onset of menopause between subjects who initiated tamoxifen prior to age 45 and those who initiated at age 45 or older. Conclusion: These data suggest that tamoxifen alone is not associated with an earlier age onset of menopause, and that tamoxifen use, in the absence of systemic chemotherapy, is unlikely to significantly accelerate ovarian aging. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr P3-08-18.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0008-5472 , 1538-7445
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    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
    Publication Date: 2013
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  • 8
    In: Health Technology Assessment, National Institute for Health and Care Research, Vol. 15, No. 19 ( 2011-04)
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1366-5278 , 2046-4924
    Language: English
    Publisher: National Institute for Health and Care Research
    Publication Date: 2011
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  • 9
    In: Transfusion, Wiley, Vol. 31, No. 2 ( 1991-02), p. 129-137
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0041-1132 , 1537-2995
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 1991
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  • 10
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    Wiley ; 2012
    In:  BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology Vol. 119, No. 3 ( 2012-02), p. 376-376
    In: BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Wiley, Vol. 119, No. 3 ( 2012-02), p. 376-376
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1470-0328
    URL: Issue
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2012
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