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  • 1
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    The Effects of Information Technology Project Complexity on Group Interaction
    Informa UK Limited ; 2004
    In:  Journal of Management Information Systems Vol. 21, No. 3 ( 2004-11), p. 223-247
    Details
    In: Journal of Management Information Systems, Informa UK Limited, Vol. 21, No. 3 ( 2004-11), p. 223-247
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 0742-1222 , 1557-928X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1080/07421222.2004.11045814
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: Informa UK Limited
    Publikationsdatum: 2004
    ZDB Id: 2033010-8
    SSG: 3,2
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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    Online-Ressource
  • 2
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    The Impact of Group Size and Social Presence on Small-Group Communication : Does Computer-Mediated Communication Make a Difference?
    SAGE Publications ; 2006
    In:  Small Group Research Vol. 37, No. 6 ( 2006-12), p. 631-661
    Details
    In: Small Group Research, SAGE Publications, Vol. 37, No. 6 ( 2006-12), p. 631-661
    Kurzfassung: This study evaluates the impact of varying group size and social presence on small-group communication. It compares key communication factors—faceto-face (FtF) without computer-mediated communication (CMC) support, FtF with CMC support, and virtual with CMC support—on two different small group sizes (3 and 6). Results indicate that smaller groups establish and maintain higher levels of communication quality, and FtF with CMC support groups have higher levels of communication quality than virtual with CMC support groups; however, no significant difference between traditional FtF groups and virtual groups with CMC support was found. Also, CMC minimized the impact of increased group size. Process losses that a larger FtF group might ordinarily experience can be reduced through the use of CMC. These results should help project managers plan for and deal with the difficulty of communication between project group members in virtual environments.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 1046-4964 , 1552-8278
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/1046496406294322
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: SAGE Publications
    Publikationsdatum: 2006
    ZDB Id: 2030802-4
    SSG: 5,2
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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    Online-Ressource
  • 3
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Assessing Group Interaction During Hands-On LAN Projects
    Informa UK Limited ; 2002
    In:  Engineering Management Journal Vol. 14, No. 2 ( 2002-06), p. 13-19
    Details
    In: Engineering Management Journal, Informa UK Limited, Vol. 14, No. 2 ( 2002-06), p. 13-19
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 1042-9247 , 2377-0643
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1080/10429247.2002.11415157
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: Informa UK Limited
    Publikationsdatum: 2002
    ZDB Id: 2069633-4
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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    Online-Ressource
  • 4
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    A low-cost, multi-channel, EMG signal processing amplifier
    Elsevier BV ; 1998
    In:  Journal of Neuroscience Methods Vol. 79, No. 1 ( 1998-1), p. 123-127
    Details
    In: Journal of Neuroscience Methods, Elsevier BV, Vol. 79, No. 1 ( 1998-1), p. 123-127
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 0165-0270
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/S0165-0270(97)00170-2
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: Elsevier BV
    Publikationsdatum: 1998
    ZDB Id: 1500499-5
    SSG: 12
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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    Online-Ressource
  • 5
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Properties of primary motor cortex output to hindlimb muscles in the macaque monkey
    American Physiological Society ; 2015
    In:  Journal of Neurophysiology Vol. 113, No. 3 ( 2015-02-01), p. 937-949
    Details
    In: Journal of Neurophysiology, American Physiological Society, Vol. 113, No. 3 ( 2015-02-01), p. 937-949
    Kurzfassung: The cortical control of forelimb motor function has been studied extensively, especially in the primate. In contrast, cortical control of the hindlimb has been relatively neglected. This study assessed the output properties of the primary motor cortex (M1) hindlimb representation in terms of the sign, latency, magnitude, and distribution of effects in stimulus-triggered averages (StTAs) of electromyography (EMG) activity recorded from 19 muscles, including hip, knee, ankle, digit, and intrinsic foot muscles, during a push-pull task compared with data reported previously on the forelimb. StTAs (15, 30, and 60 μA at 15 Hz) of EMG activity were computed at 317 putative layer V sites in two rhesus macaques. Poststimulus facilitation (PStF) was distributed equally between distal and proximal muscles, whereas poststimulus suppression (PStS) was more common in distal muscles than proximal muscles (51/49%, respectively, for PStF; 72/28%, respectively, for PStS) at 30 μA. Mean PStF and PStS onset latency generally increased the more distal the joint of a muscle's action. Most significantly, the average magnitude of hindlimb poststimulus effects was considerably weaker than the average magnitude of effects from forelimb M1. In addition, forelimb PStF magnitude increased consistently from proximal to distal joints, whereas hindlimb PStF magnitude was similar at all joints except the intrinsic foot muscles, which had a magnitude of approximately double that of all of the other muscles. The results suggest a greater monosynaptic input to forelimb compared with hindlimb motoneurons, as well as a more direct synaptic linkage for the intrinsic foot muscles compared with the other hindlimb muscles.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 0022-3077 , 1522-1598
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1152/jn.00099.2014
    RVK:
    XA 10000 ; XA 552555
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: American Physiological Society
    Publikationsdatum: 2015
    ZDB Id: 80161-6
    ZDB Id: 1467889-5
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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    Online-Ressource
  • 6
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Representation of individual forelimb muscles in primary motor cortex
    American Physiological Society ; 2017
    In:  Journal of Neurophysiology Vol. 118, No. 1 ( 2017-07-01), p. 47-63
    Details
    In: Journal of Neurophysiology, American Physiological Society, Vol. 118, No. 1 ( 2017-07-01), p. 47-63
    Kurzfassung: Stimulus-triggered averaging (StTA) of forelimb muscle electromyographic (EMG) activity was used to investigate individual forelimb muscle representation within the primary motor cortex (M1) of rhesus macaques with the objective of determining the extent of intra-areal somatotopic organization. Two monkeys were trained to perform a reach-to-grasp task requiring multijoint coordination of the forelimb. EMG activity was simultaneously recorded from 24 forelimb muscles including 5 shoulder, 7 elbow, 5 wrist, 5 digit, and 2 intrinsic hand muscles. Microstimulation (15 µA at 15 Hz) was delivered throughout the movement task and individual stimuli were used as triggers for generating StTAs of EMG activity. StTAs were used to map the cortical representations of individual forelimb muscles. As reported previously (Park et al. 2001), cortical maps revealed a central core of distal muscle (wrist, digit, and intrinsic hand) representation surrounded by a horseshoe-shaped proximal (shoulder and elbow) muscle representation. In the present study, we found that shoulder and elbow flexor muscles were predominantly represented in the lateral branch of the horseshoe whereas extensors were predominantly represented in the medial branch. Distal muscles were represented within the core distal forelimb representation and showed extensive overlap. For the first time, we also show maps of inhibitory output from motor cortex, which follow many of the same organizational features as the maps of excitatory output. NEW & NOTEWORTHY While the orderly representation of major body parts along the precentral gyrus has been known for decades, questions have been raised about the possible existence of additional more detailed aspects of somatotopy. In this study, we have investigated this question with respect to muscles of the arm and show consistent features of within-arm (intra-areal) somatotopic organization. For the first time we also show maps of how inhibitory output from motor cortex is organized.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 0022-3077 , 1522-1598
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1152/jn.01070.2015
    RVK:
    XA 10000 ; XA 552555
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: American Physiological Society
    Publikationsdatum: 2017
    ZDB Id: 80161-6
    ZDB Id: 1467889-5
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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    Online-Ressource
  • 7
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Perspectives on classical controversies about the motor cortex
    American Physiological Society ; 2017
    In:  Journal of Neurophysiology Vol. 118, No. 3 ( 2017-09-01), p. 1828-1848
    Details
    In: Journal of Neurophysiology, American Physiological Society, Vol. 118, No. 3 ( 2017-09-01), p. 1828-1848
    Kurzfassung: Primary motor cortex has been studied for more than a century, yet a consensus on its functional contribution to movement control is still out of reach. In particular, there remains controversy as to the level of control produced by motor cortex (“low-level” movement dynamics vs. “high-level” movement kinematics) and the role of sensory feedback. In this review, we present different perspectives on the two following questions: What does activity in motor cortex reflect? and How do planned motor commands interact with incoming sensory feedback during movement? The four authors each present their independent views on how they think the primary motor cortex (M1) controls movement. At the end, we present a dialogue in which the authors synthesize their views and suggest possibilities for moving the field forward. While there is not yet a consensus on the role of M1 or sensory feedback in the control of upper limb movements, such dialogues are essential to take us closer to one.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 0022-3077 , 1522-1598
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1152/jn.00795.2016
    RVK:
    XA 10000 ; XA 552555
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: American Physiological Society
    Publikationsdatum: 2017
    ZDB Id: 80161-6
    ZDB Id: 1467889-5
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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    Online-Ressource
  • 8
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Effects on Muscle Activity From Microstimuli Applied to Somatosensory and Motor Cortex During Voluntary Movement in the Monkey
    American Physiological Society ; 1997
    In:  Journal of Neurophysiology Vol. 77, No. 5 ( 1997-05-01), p. 2446-2465
    Details
    In: Journal of Neurophysiology, American Physiological Society, Vol. 77, No. 5 ( 1997-05-01), p. 2446-2465
    Kurzfassung: Widener, Gail L. and Paul D. Cheney. Effects on muscle activity from microstimuli applied to somatosensory and motor cortex during voluntary movement in the monkey. J. Neurophysiol. 77: 2446–2465, 1997. It is well known that electrical stimulation of primary somatosensory cortex (SI) evokes movements that resemble those evoked from primary motor cortex. These findings have led to the concept that SI may possess motor capabilities paralleling those of motor cortex and speculation that SI could function as a robust relay mediating motor responses from central and peripheral inputs. The purpose of this study was to rigorously examine the motor output capabilities of SI areas with the use of the techniques of spike- and stimulus-triggered averaging of electromyographic (EMG) activity in awake monkeys. Unit recordings were obtained from primary motor cortex and SI areas 3a, 3b, 1, and 2 in three rhesus monkeys. Spike-triggered averaging was used to assess the output linkage between individual cells and motoneurons of the recorded muscles. Cells in motor cortex producing postspike facilitation (PSpF) in spike-triggered averages of rectified EMG activity were designated corticomotoneuronal (CM) cells. Motor output efficacy was also assessed by applying stimuli through the microelectrode and computing stimulus-triggered averages of rectified EMG activity. One hundred seventy-one sites in motor cortex and 68 sites in SI were characterized functionally and tested for motor output effects on muscle activity. The incidence, character, and magnitude of motor output effects from SI areas were in sharp contrast to effects from CM cell sites in primary motor cortex. Of 68 SI cells tested with spike-triggered averaging, only one area 3a cell produced significant PSpF in spike-triggered averages of EMG activity. In comparison, 20 of 171 (12%) motor cortex cells tested produced significant postspike effects. Single-pulse intracortical microstimulation produced effects at all CM cell sites in motor cortex but at only 14% of SI sites. The large fraction of SI effects that was inhibitory represented yet another marked difference between CM cell sites in motor cortex and SI sites (25% vs 93%). The fact that motor output effects from SI were frequently absent or very weak and predominantly inhibitory emphasizes the differing motor capabilities of SI compared with primary motor cortex.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 0022-3077 , 1522-1598
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1152/jn.1997.77.5.2446
    RVK:
    XA 10000 ; XA 552555
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: American Physiological Society
    Publikationsdatum: 1997
    ZDB Id: 80161-6
    ZDB Id: 1467889-5
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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    Online-Ressource
  • 9
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Equilibrium-Based Movement Endpoints Elicited from Primary Motor Cortex Using Repetitive Microstimulation
    Society for Neuroscience ; 2014
    In:  The Journal of Neuroscience Vol. 34, No. 47 ( 2014-11-19), p. 15722-15734
    Details
    In: The Journal of Neuroscience, Society for Neuroscience, Vol. 34, No. 47 ( 2014-11-19), p. 15722-15734
    Kurzfassung: High-frequency, long-duration intracortical microstimulation (HFLD-ICMS) is increasingly being used to deduce how the brain encodes coordinated muscle activity and movement. However, the full movement repertoire that can be elicited from the forelimb representation of primary motor cortex (M1) using this method has not been systematically determined. Our goal was to acquire a comprehensive M1 forelimb representational map of movement endpoints elicited with HFLD-ICMS, using stimulus parameters optimal for evoking stable forelimb spatial endpoints. The data reveal a 3D forelimb movement endpoint workspace that is represented in a patchwork fashion on the 2D M1 cortical surface. Although cortical maps of movement endpoints appear quite disorderly with respect to movement space, we show that the endpoint locations in the workspace evoked with HFLD-ICMS of two adjacent cortical points are closer together than would be expected if the organization were random. Although there were few obvious consistencies in the endpoint maps across the two monkeys tested, one notable exception was endpoints bringing the hand to the mouth, which was located at the boundary between the hand and face representation. Endpoints at the extremes of the monkey's workspace and locations above the head were largely absent. Our movement endpoints are best explained as resulting from coactivation of agonist and antagonist muscles driving the joints toward equilibrium positions determined by the length–tension relationships of the muscles.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 0270-6474 , 1529-2401
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0214-14.2014
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: Society for Neuroscience
    Publikationsdatum: 2014
    ZDB Id: 1475274-8
    SSG: 12
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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  • 10
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    The Kansas Mental Retardation and Developmental Disabilities Research Center
    Wiley ; 2002
    In:  International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience Vol. 20, No. 3-5 ( 2002-06), p. 301-301
    Details
    In: International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience, Wiley, Vol. 20, No. 3-5 ( 2002-06), p. 301-301
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 0736-5748 , 1873-474X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/S0736-5748(02)00027-8
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: Wiley
    Publikationsdatum: 2002
    ZDB Id: 2012538-0
    ZDB Id: 2013748-5
    SSG: 12
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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