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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Microbial Metabolic Potential for Carbon Degradation and Nutrient (Nitrogen and Phosphorus) Acquisition in an Ombrotrophic Peatland
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2014
    In:  Applied and Environmental Microbiology Vol. 80, No. 11 ( 2014-06), p. 3531-3540
    Details
    In: Applied and Environmental Microbiology, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 80, No. 11 ( 2014-06), p. 3531-3540
    Abstract: This study integrated metagenomic and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopic approaches to investigate microbial metabolic potential for organic matter decomposition and nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) acquisition in soils of an ombrotrophic peatland in the Marcell Experimental Forest (MEF), Minnesota, USA. This analysis revealed vertical stratification in key enzymatic pathways and taxa containing these pathways. Metagenomic analyses revealed that genes encoding laccases and dioxygenases, involved in aromatic compound degradation, declined in relative abundance with depth, while the relative abundance of genes encoding metabolism of amino sugars and all four saccharide groups increased with depth in parallel with a 50% reduction in carbohydrate content. Most Cu-oxidases were closely related to genes from Proteobacteria and Acidobacteria , and type 4 laccase-like Cu-oxidase genes were 〉 8 times more abundant than type 3 genes, suggesting an important and overlooked role for type 4 Cu-oxidase in phenolic compound degradation. Genes associated with sulfate reduction and methanogenesis were the most abundant anaerobic respiration genes in these systems, with low levels of detection observed for genes of denitrification and Fe(III) reduction. Fermentation genes increased in relative abundance with depth and were largely affiliated with Syntrophobacter . Methylocystaceae -like small-subunit (SSU) rRNA genes, pmoA , and mmoX genes were more abundant among methanotrophs. Genes encoding N 2 fixation, P uptake, and P regulons were significantly enriched in the surface peat and in comparison to other ecosystems, indicating N and P limitation. Persistence of inorganic orthophosphate throughout the peat profile in this P-limiting environment indicates that P may be bound to recalcitrant organic compounds, thus limiting P bioavailability in the subsurface. Comparative metagenomic analysis revealed a high metabolic potential for P transport and starvation, N 2 fixation, and oligosaccharide degradation at MEF relative to other wetland and soil environments, consistent with the nutrient-poor and carbohydrate-rich conditions found in this Sphagnum -dominated boreal peatland.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0099-2240 , 1098-5336
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/AEM.00206-14
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2014
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 223011-2
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1478346-0
    SSG: 12
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Microbial Community Stratification Linked to Utilization of Carbohydrates and Phosphorus Limitation in a Boreal Peatland at Marcell Experimental Forest, Minnesota, USA
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2014
    In:  Applied and Environmental Microbiology Vol. 80, No. 11 ( 2014-06), p. 3518-3530
    Details
    In: Applied and Environmental Microbiology, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 80, No. 11 ( 2014-06), p. 3518-3530
    Abstract: This study investigated the abundance, distribution, and composition of microbial communities at the watershed scale in a boreal peatland within the Marcell Experimental Forest (MEF), Minnesota, USA. Through a close coupling of next-generation sequencing, biogeochemistry, and advanced analytical chemistry, a biogeochemical hot spot was revealed in the mesotelm (30- to 50-cm depth) as a pronounced shift in microbial community composition in parallel with elevated peat decomposition. The relative abundance of Acidobacteria and the Syntrophobacteraceae , including known hydrocarbon-utilizing genera, was positively correlated with carbohydrate and organic acid content, showing a maximum in the mesotelm. The abundance of Archaea (primarily crenarchaeal groups 1.1c and 1.3) increased with depth, reaching up to 60% of total small-subunit (SSU) rRNA gene sequences in the deep peat below the 75-cm depth. Stable isotope geochemistry and potential rates of methane production paralleled vertical changes in methanogen community composition to indicate a predominance of acetoclastic methanogenesis mediated by the Methanosarcinales in the mesotelm, while hydrogen-utilizing methanogens predominated in the deeper catotelm. RNA-derived pyrosequence libraries corroborated DNA sequence data to indicate that the above-mentioned microbial groups are metabolically active in the mid-depth zone. Fungi showed a maximum in rRNA gene abundance above the 30-cm depth, which comprised only an average of 0.1% of total bacterial and archaeal rRNA gene abundance, indicating prokaryotic dominance. Ratios of C to P enzyme activities approached 0.5 at the acrotelm and catotelm, indicating phosphorus limitation. In contrast, P limitation pressure appeared to be relieved in the mesotelm, likely due to P solubilization by microbial production of organic acids and C-P lyases. Based on path analysis and the modeling of community spatial turnover, we hypothesize that P limitation outweighs N limitation at MEF, and microbial communities are structured by the dominant shrub, Chamaedaphne calyculata , which may act as a carbon source for major consumers in the peatland.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0099-2240 , 1098-5336
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/AEM.00205-14
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2014
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 223011-2
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1478346-0
    SSG: 12
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    Online Resource
  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Organic matter transformation in the peat column at Marcell Experimental Forest: Humification and vertical stratification : Organic matter dynamics
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 2014
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences Vol. 119, No. 4 ( 2014-04), p. 661-675
    Details
    In: Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 119, No. 4 ( 2014-04), p. 661-675
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2169-8953
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/jgrg.v119.4
    DOI: 10.1002/2013JG002492
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 2014
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    SSG: 16,13
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Winter precipitation and snow accumulation drive the methane sink or source strength of Arctic tussock tundra
    Wiley ; 2016
    In:  Global Change Biology Vol. 22, No. 8 ( 2016-08), p. 2818-2833
    Details
    In: Global Change Biology, Wiley, Vol. 22, No. 8 ( 2016-08), p. 2818-2833
    Abstract: Arctic winter precipitation is projected to increase with global warming, but some areas will experience decreases in snow accumulation. Although Arctic CH 4 emissions may represent a significant climate forcing feedback, long‐term impacts of changes in snow accumulation on CH 4 fluxes remain uncertain. We measured ecosystem CH 4 fluxes and soil CH 4 and CO 2 concentrations and 13 C composition to investigate the metabolic pathways and transport mechanisms driving moist acidic tundra CH 4 flux over the growing season (Jun–Aug) after 18 years of experimental snow depth increases and decreases. Deeper snow increased soil wetness and warming, reducing soil %O 2 levels and increasing thaw depth. Soil moisture, through changes in soil %O 2 saturation, determined predominance of methanotrophy or methanogenesis, with soil temperature regulating the ecosystem CH 4 sink or source strength. Reduced snow (RS) increased the fraction of oxidized CH 4 (Fox) by 75–120% compared to Ambient, switching the system from a small source to a net CH 4 sink (21 ± 2 and −31 ± 1 mg CH 4  m −2  season −1 at Ambient and RS). Deeper snow reduced Fox by 35–40% and 90–100% in medium‐ (MS) and high‐ (HS) snow additions relative to Ambient, contributing to increasing the CH 4 source strength of moist acidic tundra (464 ± 15 and 3561 ± 97 mg CH 4  m −2  season −1 at MS and HS). Decreases in Fox with deeper snow were partly due to increases in plant‐mediated CH 4 transport associated with the expansion of tall graminoids. Deeper snow enhanced CH 4 production within newly thawed soils, responding mainly to soil warming rather than to increases in acetate fermentation expected from thaw‐induced increases in SOC availability. Our results suggest that increased winter precipitation will increase the CH 4 source strength of Arctic tundra, but the resulting positive feedback on climate change will depend on the balance between areas with more or less snow accumulation than they are currently facing.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1354-1013 , 1365-2486
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/gcb.2016.22.issue-8
    DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13242
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2016
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    SSG: 12
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Rapid Net Carbon Loss From a Whole‐Ecosystem Warmed Peatland
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 2020
    In:  AGU Advances Vol. 1, No. 3 ( 2020-09)
    Details
    In: AGU Advances, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 1, No. 3 ( 2020-09)
    Abstract: We used in situ whole‐ecosystem manipulations to evaluate peatland carbon cycle changes to a range of warming conditions and elevated CO 2 Warming caused variable responses for vegetation and losses of CO 2 and CH 4 for a linear response of 31.3 g C·m −2 ·year −1 ·°C −1 Models are capable of capturing C cycle responses to temperature under ambient CO 2 conditions but overpredict sensitivity to elevated CO 2
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2576-604X , 2576-604X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1029/2020AV000163
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3008306-0
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Climatic drivers for multidecadal shifts in solute transport and methane production zones within a large peat basin
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 2016
    In:  Global Biogeochemical Cycles Vol. 30, No. 11 ( 2016-11), p. 1578-1598
    Details
    In: Global Biogeochemical Cycles, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 30, No. 11 ( 2016-11), p. 1578-1598
    Abstract: Methane production zones are finely tuned to climate‐driven transport systems in a 7600 km 2 peat basin During dry decades, a weak recharge regime restricts CH 4 production to shallow peat depths During wetter decades, deeper recharge extends CH 4 production to the entire peat profile
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0886-6236 , 1944-9224
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/gbc.v30.11
    DOI: 10.1002/2016GB005397
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 2016
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2021601-4
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 13
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Relationships between CH 4 emission, biomass, and CO 2 exchange in a subtropical grassland
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 1991
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres Vol. 96, No. D7 ( 1991-07-20), p. 13067-13071
    Details
    In: Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 96, No. D7 ( 1991-07-20), p. 13067-13071
    Abstract: Methane flux was linearly correlated with plant biomass ( r = 0.97, n = 6 and r = 0.95, n = 8) at two locations in a Florida Everglades Cladium marsh. One location, which had burned 4 months previously, exhibited a greater increase in methane flux as a function of biomass relative to sites at an unburned location. However, methane flux data from both sites fit a single regression ( r = 0.94, n = 14) when plotted against net CO 2 exchange suggesting that either methanogenesis in Everglades marl sediments is fueled by belowground root exudation or else factors which enhance photosynthetic production and plant growth are also correlated with methane production and flux in this oligotrophic environment. These data are the first to show a direct relationship between spatial variability in plant biomass, net ecosystem production, and methane emission in a natural wetland.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0148-0227
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1029/91JD01248
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 1991
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    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2130824-X
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2016813-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2016810-X
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2403298-0
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2016800-7
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 161666-3
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 161667-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2969341-X
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 161665-1
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3094268-8
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 710256-2
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2016804-4
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3094181-7
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3094219-6
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3094167-2
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2220777-6
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3094197-0
    SSG: 16,13
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Rhizospheric methane oxidation determined via the methyl fluoride inhibition technique
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 1993
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres Vol. 98, No. D10 ( 1993-10-20), p. 18413-18422
    Details
    In: Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 98, No. D10 ( 1993-10-20), p. 18413-18422
    Abstract: Methane oxidation rates in the rhizosphere of aquatic macrophytes were quantified by development of a technique employing a recently described inhibitor of methane oxidation, methyl fluoride. Unlike other inhibitors, methyl fluoride appears to be nontoxic to the plants, allowing them to act as natural conduits, transporting the inhibitor from the headspace to the rhizosphere. Increases in methane emissions were recorded after closed chamber methyl fluoride incubations, primarily in greenhouse ( Pontederia cordata and Sagittaria landfolia ) experiments with some preliminary outdoor and field ( Oryza sativa and Typha latifolia ) data. Comparison of emissions before and after incubation indicated oxidation of 23 to 90% of the methane produced (defined as CH 4 emission in the absence of oxidation) in greenhouse studies and 10 to 47% in field and outdoor studies. A comparison of 1.5 and 3.0% methyl fluoride chamber headspace incubations as well as initial dose response data indicated that the lower concentration was sufficient to obtain inhibition of methane oxidation in the greenhouse studies without significantly affecting methanogenesis. Inhibition was possible with one 16‐ to 18‐hour incubation period. Methyl fluoride within the rhizosphere disappeared after approximately 1 week due to plant ventilation and possible bacterial uptake.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0148-0227
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1029/93JD01667
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 1993
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2033040-6
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3094104-0
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2130824-X
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2016813-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2016810-X
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2403298-0
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2016800-7
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 161666-3
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 161667-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2969341-X
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 161665-1
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3094268-8
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 710256-2
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2016804-4
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3094181-7
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3094219-6
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3094167-2
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2220777-6
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3094197-0
    SSG: 16,13
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Amazon Capims (floating grassmats): A source of 13 C enriched methane to the troposphere
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 1989
    In:  Geophysical Research Letters Vol. 16, No. 8 ( 1989-08), p. 799-802
    Details
    In: Geophysical Research Letters, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 16, No. 8 ( 1989-08), p. 799-802
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0094-8276
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1029/GL016i008p00799
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 1989
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2021599-X
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 7403-2
    SSG: 16,13
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Carbon and hydrogen isotopic characterization of methane from wetlands and lakes of the Yukon‐Kuskokwim delta, western Alaska
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 1992
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres Vol. 97, No. D15 ( 1992-10-30), p. 16689-16701
    Details
    In: Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 97, No. D15 ( 1992-10-30), p. 16689-16701
    Abstract: The total methane flux to the troposphere from tundra environments of the Yukon‐Kuskokwim Delta is dominated by emissions from wet meadow tundra (∼75%) and small, organic‐rich lakes (∼20%). The mean δ 13 C value of methane diffusing into collar‐mounted flux chambers from wet meadow environments near Bethel, Alaska, was −65.82 ± 2.21‰ (±1 sigma, n = 18) for the period July 10 to August 10, 1988. Detritus‐rich sediments of Delta lakes, including margins of large lakes and entire submerged areas of smaller ones, are laden with gas bubbles whose methane concentration ranges from 11% to 79%. Lowest methane concentrations are found along heavily vegetated lake edge environments and highest through‐out organic‐rich, fibrous sediments of small lakes. A minimum ebullition flux estimated for the 5% of total Delta area comprised of small lakes ranges from 0.34 to 9.7 × 10 10 g CH 4 yr −1 , which represents 0.6% to 17% of the total Delta methane emission. The δ 13 C and δD values of this ebullitive flux are −61.41 ± 2.46‰ (n = 38) and −341.8 ± 18.2‰ (n = 21), respectively. The methane in gas bubbles from two lakes is of modern, bomb carbon enriched, radiocarbon age. Gas bubble δ 13 C values varied from 2 to 5‰ seasonally, reaching heaviest values in midsummer, no such variations in δD values were observed. Combined isotope data reveal that higher δ 13 C values in heavily vegetated areas correlate with lower δD values, suggesting enhanced methane production via acetate fermentation. Spatial isotopic variations in lakes appear to be controlled by variations in production rather than oxidation processes.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0148-0227
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1029/91JD02885
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 1992
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    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3094104-0
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2130824-X
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2016813-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2016810-X
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2403298-0
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2016800-7
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 161666-3
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 161667-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2969341-X
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 161665-1
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3094268-8
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 710256-2
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2016804-4
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3094181-7
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3094219-6
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3094167-2
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2220777-6
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3094197-0
    SSG: 16,13
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