Abstract: We provide a functional characterization of transcription factor NF-κB in protists and provide information about the evolution and diversification of this biologically important protein. We characterized NF-κB in two protists using phylogenetic, cellular, and biochemical techniques. NF-κB of the holozoan Capsaspora owczarzaki ( Co ) has an N-terminal DNA-binding domain and a C-terminal Ankyrin repeat (ANK) domain, and its DNA-binding specificity is more similar to metazoan NF-κB proteins than to Rel proteins. Removal of the ANK domain allows Co -NF-κB to enter the nucleus, bind DNA, and activate transcription. However, C-terminal processing of Co -NF-κB is not induced by IκB kinases in human cells. Overexpressed Co -NF-κB localizes to the cytoplasm in Co cells. Co -NF-κB mRNA and DNA-binding levels differ across three Capsaspora life stages. RNA-sequencing and GO analyses identify possible gene targets of Co -NF-κB. Three NF-κB-like proteins from the choanoflagellate Acanthoeca spectabilis ( As ) contain conserved Rel Homology domain sequences, but lack C-terminal ANK repeats. All three As -NF-κB proteins constitutively enter the nucleus of cells, but differ in their DNA-binding abilities, transcriptional activation activities, and dimerization properties. These results provide a basis for understanding the evolutionary origins of this key transcription factor and could have implications for the origins of regulated immunity in higher taxa.

Abstract: With the exponential growth of the usage of web map services, geo-data analysis has become more and more popular. This article develops an online spatial data analysis and visualization system, TerraFly GeoCloud, which helps end-users visualize and analyze spatial data and share the analysis results. Built on the TerraFly Geo spatial database, TerraFly GeoCloud is an extra layer running upon the TerraFly map and can efficiently support many different visualization functions and spatial data analysis models. Furthermore, users can create unique URLs to visualize and share the analysis results. TerraFly GeoCloud also enables the MapQL technology to customize map visualization using SQL-like statements. The system is available at http://terrafly.fiu.edu/GeoCloud/.

Abstract: In September 2020, China put forward the goal of carbon neutrality by 2060, which is of great and far-reaching significance for coping with climate change, achieving sustainable development and promoting the transformation of energy structure. In this context, the carbon market has become an important policy tool to realize China's vision of carbon neutralization. As can be seen from the stock market, the carbon neutralization industrial chain is evolving, and green and low-carbon has become the main investment trend. Therefore, in the context of carbon neutrality, whether there is a connection between China's carbon market and stock market, whether there is spillover effect between them, and what will be based on investors' emotional behavior are the main problems to be solved in this study. Subjects and Methods This paper takes China's carbon market, carbon neutralization concept stock market and thermal power stock market as the main research objects; This paper uses the price index and VaR BEKK GARCH model from January 1, 2019 to December 31, 2020 to study the interaction and spillover effect between the above markets. It also reveals the reasons from the perspective of investment psychology. In order to better study the changes of investors' emotional perception and behavior, this study uses the self rating Depression Scale (SDS) system William W K. Zung compiled the self rating scale in 1965 to measure the severity of depression and its changes in treatment. In 1972, Zung added the corresponding examiner's book and changed the self-evaluation to other evaluation, which is called Depression Status Inventory (DSI). The assessment time span is the latest week. Content: SDS and DSI are composed of 20 declarative sentences and corresponding question entries respectively. Each item is equivalent to a relevant symptom, which is scored on a scale of 1-4. 20 items reflect depression, and four groups of specific symptoms: 1 Psychotic affective symptoms, including depression and crying; 2. Somatic disorders, including eight items: daytime differences in mood, sleep disorders, anorexia, decreased libido, weight loss, constipation, tachycardia and fatigue; 3. Psychomotor disorders, including psychomotor retardation and agitation; 4. Psychological disorders of depression include eight items: confusion of thinking, hopelessness, irritability, indecision, self depreciation, emptiness, repeated thinking, suicide and dissatisfaction. From the scoring method: each item is scored according to four levels: 1, 2, 3 and 4. Ask the subject to read each statement carefully, or the examiner to ask questions one by one, and circle 1 (from none or occasionally), or 2 (sometimes), or 3 (often), or 4 (always) according to the time and frequency most suitable for the subject's situation. Among the 20 items, 10 items (items 2, 5, 6, 11, 12, 14, 16, 17, 18 and 20) are stated with positive words, which are scored in reverse order, and the remaining 10 items are stated with negative words, which are scored in the order of 1-4 above. The depression severity index assessed by SDS and DSI is calculated according to the following formula: depression severity index - cumulative score of each item / 80 (maximum total score). The index range is 0.25-1.0. The higher the index, the heavier the degree of depression. Results 2019 coronavirus disease has a significant impact on the relationship between carbon market and stock market. (1) Affected by 2019 coronavirus disease, CTI first affects cni300 and then TPI; Investors' expectations of earnings are distorted by the extension of the current trend. (2) The two-way average spillover effect between TPI and Guoxin 300 in 2019 has become the one-way average spillover effect in 2020. Investors' psychological bias and thinking shortcuts make them choose to invest in familiar fields. These areas cannot spread investment risks, but will damage their long-term wealth. (3) The amplitudes of cni300 and TPI will change dramatically with historical fluctuations, which confirms that most people's judgment on the profit and loss mentioned in the prospect theory is usually determined according to the reference point. The results showed that impulsive investment was negatively correlated with economic support ability (P & lt; 0.01), and its internal consistency was satisfactory: odd and even items split half correlation: 0.73 (1973) and 0.92. There was a high and moderate correlation between the scores of “d” subscale of MMPI. Zung et al. Also compared the scores of SDS and dis with CG1 score and proposed that those with SDS and dis score index below 0.5 were non depressed; 0.50-0.59 is mild to mild depression; 0.60-0.69 is moderate to severe depression; more than 0.70 is severe depression. Conclusion This shows the confidence of Chinese investors in the national sustainable development initiative. Carbon market performance has become an important reference for investing in carbon neutral concept stocks. Therefore, the government should constantly promote the innovation of carbon trading system while stabilizing the expected return on green and low-carbon investment. In addition, the government should take multiple measures to send sufficient and accurate signals on specific measures to promote carbon neutralization, eliminate unreasonable investment to the greatest extent, and guide the industrial layout through the capital market. Acknowledgements This manuscript was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (71473230) (71803180), and the Philosophy and Social Sciences Planning Project of the Ministry of Education in China (18YJCZH140) (17YJCZH048).

Abstract: To evaluate the three-dimensional (3D) changes of the upper airway in patients with Class II malocclusion treated with functional appliances (FAs). Search methods and eligibility criteria A comprehensive search of seven electronic databases was conducted from the date of inception to 12 July 2020. Manual search was also performed in relevant Chinese and English periodicals. Prospective and retrospective studies evaluating the 3D airway changes after FAs applied on growing patients with skeletal Class II malocclusion were included. Data collection and analysis Risk of bias assessment of each included study was performed referring to ROBINS-I. The effects of FAs on upper airway were evaluated by meta-analysis using STATA software. The outcome variables were the changes of oropharyngeal airway volumes (OAVs), nasopharyngeal airway volumes (NAVs), minimum cross-sectional area (MCA) and antero-posterior position of hyoid bone (HB). The overall quality of evidence for each outcome was rated based on Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation recommendations. Results Nine studies were ultimately included in the systematic review and five were included and analyzed in meta-analysis. The results indicated that the pooled mean differences among these studies were 2162.80 [95 per cent confidence interval (CI): 1264.97, 3060.62), 382.20 (95 per cent CI: 140.95, 623.44), 59.91 (95 per cent CI: 41.45, 78.38), and 0.63 (95 per cent CI: −1.97, 3.23) for changes of OAVs, NAVs, MCA, and antero-posterior position of HB, respectively. Conclusion Weak evidence suggests that FAs can increase OAVs, NAVs, and MCA in growing patients with Class II malocclusion. Weak evidence also suggests that antero-posterior position of HB cannot be affected by FAs. Further studies are necessary to assess the stability of its effect on the upper airway in the long term. Registration The review protocol was not registered prior to the study.

Abstract: EuMg2Bi2 has been investigated to understand the electronic and magnetic behaviors as an antiferromagnetic (AFM) topological semimetal candidate. High-quality single crystals of EuMg2Bi2 were grown via a Bi flux and, subsequently, characterized to be consistent with the previously reported bulk magnetic and resistivity properties. A ferromagnetic interaction is indicated by the positive Curie–Weiss temperature obtained through fitting the bulk magnetic susceptibility data. The bulk resistivity measurements reveal an interesting electronic behavior that is potentially influenced by a competing antiferromagnetic and ferromagnetic interaction in and out of the ab plane. From the resulting refinement of the neutron diffraction data, EuMg2Bi2 was found to exhibit an A-type magnetic structure with Eu2+ moments ferromagnetically aligned in the plane and antiferromagnetically stacked between neighbor ferromagnetic Eu layers. The power law fitting magnetic ordering parameter below TN ∼ 8 K agrees with the 2D Heisenberg model, indicating a weak interlayer antiferromagnetic interaction. Considering the magnetic structure determined by neutron diffraction, the surface state calculation suggests that EuMg2Bi2 is an AFM topological insulator candidate. Linearly dispersed Dirac surface states were also observed in our angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy measurements, consistent with the calculation.