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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Measurement report: Introduction to the HyICE-2018 campaign for measurements of ice-nucleating particles and instrument inter-comparison in the Hyytiälä boreal forest
    Copernicus GmbH ; 2022
    In:  Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Vol. 22, No. 8 ( 2022-04-19), p. 5117-5145
    Details
    In: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Copernicus GmbH, Vol. 22, No. 8 ( 2022-04-19), p. 5117-5145
    Abstract: Abstract. The formation of ice particles in Earth's atmosphere strongly influences the dynamics and optical properties of clouds and their impacts on the climate system. Ice formation in clouds is often triggered heterogeneously by ice-nucleating particles (INPs) that represent a very low number of particles in the atmosphere. To date, many sources of INPs, such as mineral and soil dust, have been investigated and identified in the low and mid latitudes. Although less is known about the sources of ice nucleation at high latitudes, efforts have been made to identify the sources of INPs in the Arctic and boreal environments. In this study, we investigate the INP emission potential from high-latitude boreal forests in the mixed-phase cloud regime. We introduce the HyICE-2018 measurement campaign conducted in the boreal forest of Hyytiälä, Finland, between February and June 2018. The campaign utilized the infrastructure of the Station for Measuring Ecosystem-Atmosphere Relations (SMEAR) II, with additional INP instruments, including the Portable Ice Nucleation Chamber I and II (PINC and PINCii), the SPectrometer for Ice Nuclei (SPIN), the Portable Ice Nucleation Experiment (PINE), the Ice Nucleation SpEctrometer of the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (INSEKT) and the Microlitre Nucleation by Immersed Particle Instrument (µL-NIPI), used to quantify the INP concentrations and sources in the boreal environment. In this contribution, we describe the measurement infrastructure and operating procedures during HyICE-2018, and we report results from specific time periods where INP instruments were run in parallel for inter-comparison purposes. Our results show that the suite of instruments deployed during HyICE-2018 reports consistent results and therefore lays the foundation for forthcoming results to be considered holistically. In addition, we compare measured INP concentrations to INP parameterizations, and we observe good agreement with the Tobo et al. (2013) parameterization developed from measurements conducted in a ponderosa pine forest ecosystem in Colorado, USA.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1680-7324
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.5194/acp-22-5117-2022
    Language: English
    Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2092549-9
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2069847-1
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    DataSheet1.docx
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2022
    In:  Frontiers in Environmental Science Vol. 10 ( 2022-6-8)
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Environmental Science, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 10 ( 2022-6-8)
    Abstract: Dust storms are common meteorological events that occur frequently in the late spring and early summer in arid and semi-arid areas. The resulting lofted dust and salt mixtures can impact atmospheric chemistry and climate systems through the many pathways represented by aerosol-cloud-climate interactions. In this study, dust/salt samples were collected from important sources of the East Asian dust storm, including the Badain Jaran Desert, the Tengger Desert and the Ulan Buh Desert in northwestern China. Ion chromatography (IC) measurements were performed to determine the concentrations of cations and anions. The ionic concentrations, pH and dissolvable fractions of sand samples show a positive correlation, indicating that the dissolved content is rich in alkaline ions. A positive matrix factorization (PMF) receptor model was employed to analyze the IC results, and from the PMF solutions non-obvious connections to local geography emerge. The results of hygroscopic experiments of sand samples which were measured by a vapor sorption analyzer indicate that the hygroscopicity may be related to the soluble content of samples, and the observed hygroscopic behavior can be well described by a thermodynamic model. The morphology of individual particles was chemically mapped by the synchrotron-based scanning transmission X-ray microscopy, and needle-shaped CaCO 3 particles were observed to adhere to more irregular high K-containing particles. Moreover, a continuous flow diffusion chamber was used to investigate the ice nucleation abilities of typical salts, with both homogeneous freezing and deposition nucleation being observed. The results indicate that the salts primarily act as cloud condensation nuclei but can also act as ice nucleating particles at low temperatures.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2296-665X
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/fenvs.2022.897127
    DOI: 10.3389/fenvs.2022.897127.s001
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2741535-1
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    A surface-promoted redox reaction occurs spontaneously on solvating inorganic aerosol surfaces
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) ; 2021
    In:  Science Vol. 374, No. 6568 ( 2021-11-05), p. 747-752
    Details
    In: Science, American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), Vol. 374, No. 6568 ( 2021-11-05), p. 747-752
    Abstract: A surface-promoted sulfate-reducing ammonium oxidation reaction was discovered to spontaneously take place on common inorganic aerosol surfaces undergoing solvation. Several key intermediate species—including elemental sulfur (S 0 ), bisulfide (HS − ), nitrous acid (HONO), and aqueous ammonia [NH 3(aq) ]—were identified as reaction components associated with the solvation process. Depth profiles of relative species abundance showed the surface propensity of key species. The species assignments and depth profile features were supported by classical and first-principles molecular dynamics calculations, and a detailed mechanism was proposed to describe the processes that led to unexpected products during salt solvation. This discovery revealed chemistry that is distinctly linked to a solvating surface and has great potential to illuminate current puzzles within heterogeneous chemistry.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0036-8075 , 1095-9203
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1126/science.abc5311
    RVK:
    TA 1000
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 128410-1
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2066996-3
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2060783-0
    SSG: 11
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Development and characterization of the Portable Ice Nucleation Chamber 2 (PINCii)
    Copernicus GmbH ; 2023
    In:  Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Vol. 16, No. 16 ( 2023-08-23), p. 3881-3899
    Details
    In: Atmospheric Measurement Techniques, Copernicus GmbH, Vol. 16, No. 16 ( 2023-08-23), p. 3881-3899
    Abstract: Abstract. The Portable Ice Nucleation Chamber 2 (PINCii) is a newly developed continuous flow diffusion chamber (CFDC) for measuring ice nucleating particles (INPs). PINCii is a vertically oriented parallel-plate CFDC that has been engineered to improve upon the limitations of previous generations of CFDCs. This work presents a detailed description of the PINCii instrument and the upgrades that make it unique compared with other operational CFDCs. The PINCii design offers several possibilities for improved INP measurements. Notably, a specific icing procedure results in low background particle counts, which demonstrates the potential for PINCii to measure INPs at low concentrations (〈10 L−1). High-spatial-resolution wall-temperature mapping enables the identification of temperature inhomogeneities on the chamber walls. This feature is used to introduce and discuss a new method for analyzing CFDC data based on the most extreme lamina conditions present within the chamber, which represent conditions most likely to trigger ice nucleation. A temperature gradient can be maintained throughout the evaporation section in addition to the main chamber, which enables PINCii to be used to study droplet activation processes or to extend ice crystal growth. A series of both liquid droplet activation and ice nucleation experiments were conducted at temperature and saturation conditions that span the spectrum of PINCii's operational conditions (-50≤ temperature ≤-15 ∘C and 100 ≤ relative humidity with respect to ice ≤160 %) to demonstrate the instrument's capabilities. In addition, typical sources of uncertainty in CFDCs, including particle background, particle loss, and variations in aerosol lamina temperature and relative humidity, are quantified and discussed for PINCii.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1867-8548
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.5194/amt-16-3881-2023
    Language: English
    Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2505596-3
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Interactions between the atmosphere, cryosphere, and ecosystems at northern high latitudes
    Copernicus GmbH ; 2019
    In:  Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Vol. 19, No. 3 ( 2019-02-14), p. 2015-2061
    Details
    In: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Copernicus GmbH, Vol. 19, No. 3 ( 2019-02-14), p. 2015-2061
    Abstract: Abstract. The Nordic Centre of Excellence CRAICC (Cryosphere–Atmosphere Interactions in a Changing Arctic Climate), funded by NordForsk in the years 2011–2016, is the largest joint Nordic research and innovation initiative to date, aiming to strengthen research and innovation regarding climate change issues in the Nordic region. CRAICC gathered more than 100 scientists from all Nordic countries in a virtual centre with the objectives of identifying and quantifying the major processes controlling Arctic warming and related feedback mechanisms, outlining strategies to mitigate Arctic warming, and developing Nordic Earth system modelling with a focus on short-lived climate forcers (SLCFs), including natural and anthropogenic aerosols. The outcome of CRAICC is reflected in more than 150 peer-reviewed scientific publications, most of which are in the CRAICC special issue of the journal Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. This paper presents an overview of the main scientific topics investigated in the centre and provides the reader with a state-of-the-art comprehensive summary of what has been achieved in CRAICC with links to the particular publications for further detail. Faced with a vast amount of scientific discovery, we do not claim to completely summarize the results from CRAICC within this paper, but rather concentrate here on the main results which are related to feedback loops in climate change–cryosphere interactions that affect Arctic amplification.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1680-7324
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.5194/acp-19-2015-2019
    Language: English
    Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2092549-9
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2069847-1
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    A thermodynamic description for the hygroscopic growth of atmospheric aerosol particles
    Copernicus GmbH ; 2018
    In:  Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Vol. 18, No. 20 ( 2018-10-17), p. 14939-14948
    Details
    In: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Copernicus GmbH, Vol. 18, No. 20 ( 2018-10-17), p. 14939-14948
    Abstract: Abstract. The phase state of atmospheric particulate is important to atmospheric processes, and aerosol radiative forcing remains a large uncertainty in climate predictions. That said, precise atmospheric phase behavior is difficult to quantify and observations have shown that “precondensation” of water below predicted saturation values can occur. We propose a revised approach to understanding the transition from solid soluble particles to liquid droplets, typically described as cloud condensation nucleation – a process that is traditionally captured by Köhler theory, which describes a modified equilibrium saturation vapor pressure due to (i) mixing entropy (Raoult's law) and (ii) droplet geometry (Kelvin effect). Given that observations of precondensation are not predicted by Köhler theory, we devise a more complete model that includes interfacial forces giving rise to predeliquescence, i.e., the formation of a brine layer wetting a salt particle at relative humidities well below the deliquescence point.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1680-7324
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.5194/acp-18-14939-2018
    DOI: 10.5194/acp-18-14939-2018-supplement
    Language: English
    Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2092549-9
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2069847-1
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Reversibly Physisorbed and Chemisorbed Water on Carboxylic Salt Surfaces Under Atmospheric Conditions
    American Chemical Society (ACS) ; 2020
    In:  The Journal of Physical Chemistry C Vol. 124, No. 9 ( 2020-03-05), p. 5263-5269
    Details
    In: The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, American Chemical Society (ACS), Vol. 124, No. 9 ( 2020-03-05), p. 5263-5269
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1932-7447 , 1932-7455
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.0c00319
    DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.0c00319.s001
    RVK:
    VA 5430.C
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2256522-X
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The seasonal cycle of ice-nucleating particles linked to the abundance of biogenic aerosol in boreal forests
    Copernicus GmbH ; 2021
    In:  Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Vol. 21, No. 5 ( 2021-03-16), p. 3899-3918
    Details
    In: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Copernicus GmbH, Vol. 21, No. 5 ( 2021-03-16), p. 3899-3918
    Abstract: Abstract. Ice-nucleating particles (INPs) trigger the formation of cloud ice crystals in the atmosphere. Therefore, they strongly influence cloud microphysical and optical properties and precipitation and the life cycle of clouds. Improving weather forecasting and climate projection requires an appropriate formulation of atmospheric INP concentrations. This remains challenging as the global INP distribution and variability depend on a variety of aerosol types and sources, and neither their short-term variability nor their long-term seasonal cycles are well covered by continuous measurements. Here, we provide the first year-long set of observations with a pronounced INP seasonal cycle in a boreal forest environment. Besides the observed seasonal cycle in INP concentrations with a minimum in wintertime and maxima in early and late summer, we also provide indications for a seasonal variation in the prevalent INP type. We show that the seasonal dependency of INP concentrations and prevalent INP types is most likely driven by the abundance of biogenic aerosol. As current parameterizations do not reproduce this variability, we suggest a new mechanistic description for boreal forest environments which considers the seasonal variation in INP concentrations. For this, we use the ambient air temperature measured close to the ground at 4.2 m height as a proxy for the season, which appears to affect the source strength of biogenic emissions and, thus, the INP abundance over the boreal forest. Furthermore, we provide new INP parameterizations based on the Ice Nucleation Active Surface Site (INAS) approach, which specifically describes the ice nucleation activity of boreal aerosols particles prevalent in different seasons. Our results characterize the boreal forest as an important but variable INP source and provide new perspectives to describe these new findings in atmospheric models.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1680-7324
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.5194/acp-21-3899-2021
    Language: English
    Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2092549-9
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2069847-1
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