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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Evaluation of Global Positioning System telemetry collar performance in the tropical Andes of southern Ecuador
    Elsevier BV ; 2016
    In:  Natureza & Conservação Vol. 14, No. 2 ( 2016-07), p. 128-131
    Details
    In: Natureza & Conservação, Elsevier BV, Vol. 14, No. 2 ( 2016-07), p. 128-131
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1679-0073
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/j.ncon.2016.07.002
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2016
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2834968-4
    SSG: 12
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  • 2
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    Habitat use and spatio‐temporal interactions of mule and white‐tailed deer in an area of sympatry in NE Washington
    Wiley ; 2021
    In:  Ecosphere Vol. 12, No. 11 ( 2021-11)
    Details
    In: Ecosphere, Wiley, Vol. 12, No. 11 ( 2021-11)
    Abstract: Sympatric species that are ecologically similar must either segregate through habitat disassociation or engage in biotic interactions with one another. Mule ( Odocoileus hemionus ) and white‐tailed deer ( Odocoileus virginianus ) are similar ungulate species that are distributed across North America in both areas of sympatry and allopatry. Over many decades, white‐tailed deer have been expanding their range into areas historically used allopatrically by mule deer, potentially leading to increased interactions between the species. However, the degree to which the two species segregate spatio‐temporally or engage in agonistic interactions is yet unclear. Therefore, to compare their realized habitat niches in an area of sympatry, we determined presence and absence of both deer species at 312 camera traps during the summers of 2018–2019 across a range of elevations and habitats in the Colville National Forest (CNF) in northeastern Washington. We compared characteristics of habitats used by the two species using single‐species occupancy models and found that topography was the strongest predictor of differing habitat use. Mule deer were more likely to occupy steep slopes and higher elevations and white‐tailed deer more likely to occupy shallower slopes and lower elevations. Using conditional, two‐species occupancy modeling, we found that after accounting for differences in habitat selection between the species, mule and white‐tailed deer occurred independently of one another in the CNF during summer. We found no evidence for temporal segregation, with ˜90% overlap in daily activity patterns and similar elapsed time between subsequent intra‐ and interspecies detections at the 21% of camera sites where both species were detected. Niche segregation along topographic gradients in our study system likely reduces the potential for current interspecies interactions, positive or negative, to occur in this system. However, we did not find any evidence of ongoing spatio‐temporal avoidance, even in areas of the landscape where both species were detected (e.g., sharing habitat). Therefore, although our observational study cannot rule out that contemporaneous habitat segregation is evidence of past competitive interactions between the species, our research does not strongly support the contention that agonistic interactions are currently occurring between mule and white‐tailed deer.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2150-8925 , 2150-8925
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.v12.11
    DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.3813
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2572257-8
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  • 3
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    Food quality, security, and thermal refuge influence the use of microsites and patches by pygmy rabbits ( Brachylagus idahoensis ) across landscapes and seasons
    Wiley ; 2022
    In:  Ecology and Evolution Vol. 12, No. 5 ( 2022-05)
    Details
    In: Ecology and Evolution, Wiley, Vol. 12, No. 5 ( 2022-05)
    Abstract: How intensely animals use habitat features depends on their functional properties (i.e., how the feature influences fitness) and the spatial and temporal scale considered. For herbivores, habitat use is expected to reflect the competing risks of starvation, predation, and thermal stress, but the relative influence of each functional property is expected to vary in space and time. We examined how a dietary and habitat specialist, the pygmy rabbit ( Brachylagus idahoensis ), used these functional properties of its sagebrush habitat—food quality, security, and thermal refuge—at two hierarchical spatial scales (microsite and patch) across two seasons (winter and summer). At the microsite and patch scales, we determined which plant functional traits predicted the number of bites (i.e., foraging) by pygmy rabbits and the number of their fecal pellets (i.e., general habitat use). Pygmy rabbits used microsites and patches more intensely that had higher crude protein and aerial concealment cover and were closer to burrows. Food quality was more influential when rabbits used microsites within patches. Security was more influential in winter than summer, and more at Cedar Gulch than Camas. However, the influence of functional properties depended on phytochemical and structural properties of sagebrush and was not spatiotemporally consistent. These results show function‐dependent habitat use that varied according to specific activities by a central‐place browsing herbivore. Making spatially explicit predictions of the relative value of habitat features that influence different types of habitat use (i.e., foraging, hiding, and thermoregulating) will improve how we predict patterns of habitat use by herbivores and how we monitor and manage functional traits within habitats for wildlife.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2045-7758 , 2045-7758
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/ece3.v12.5
    DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8892
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2635675-2
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  • 4
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    Unifying community detection across scales from genomes to landscapes
    Wiley ; 2021
    In:  Oikos Vol. 130, No. 6 ( 2021-06), p. 831-843
    Details
    In: Oikos, Wiley, Vol. 130, No. 6 ( 2021-06), p. 831-843
    Abstract: Biodiversity science encompasses multiple disciplines and biological scales from molecules to landscapes. Nevertheless, biodiversity data are often analyzed separately with discipline‐specific methodologies, constraining resulting inferences to a single scale. To overcome this, we present a topic modeling framework to analyze community composition in cross‐disciplinary datasets, including those generated from metagenomics, metabolomics, field ecology and remote sensing. Using topic models, we demonstrate how community detection in different datasets can inform the conservation of interacting plants and herbivores. We show how topic models can identify members of molecular, organismal and landscape‐level communities that relate to wildlife health, from gut microbes to forage quality. We conclude with a future vision for how topic modeling can be used to design cross‐scale studies that promote a holistic approach to detect, monitor and manage biodiversity.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0030-1299 , 1600-0706
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/oik.2021.v130.i6
    DOI: 10.1111/oik.08393
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2025658-9
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 207359-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 5
    Online Resource
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    Grazing in sagebrush rangelands in western North America: implications for habitat quality for a sagebrush specialist, the pygmy rabbit
    CSIRO Publishing ; 2014
    In:  The Rangeland Journal Vol. 36, No. 2 ( 2014), p. 151-
    Details
    In: The Rangeland Journal, CSIRO Publishing, Vol. 36, No. 2 ( 2014), p. 151-
    Abstract: Livestock grazing is one of the primary uses of sagebrush rangelands in western North America; therefore, an understanding of the ecological implications of grazing on habitat quality for sagebrush-dependent wildlife is needed to help land managers balance multiple objectives for land use. We studied effects of cattle grazing on components of habitat for an uncommon sagebrush habitat specialist, the pygmy rabbit (Brachylagus idahoensis), which has been petitioned for endangered or threatened status in the USA. We evaluated multiple components of habitat before and after grazing in replicated control and treatment plots in a mesic, high-elevation sagebrush-steppe environment in south-western Montana, USA. We predicted that grazing would decrease the biomass of herbaceous forage, alter security cover, and increase rate of collapse of rabbit burrows, and we expected that these effects would be more pronounced during summer than spring. As expected, cattle grazing reduced the biomass of perennial grasses available to pygmy rabbits after grazing that occurred during either spring or summer, and the biomass of forbs after spring grazing. In contrast, grazing did not markedly influence the functional properties of vegetation related to predation risk or the integrity of rabbit burrow systems. In the context of the stocking rate of the allotments in our study (7.3 acres/Animal Unit Month, 2.95 ha/Animal Unit Month), annual cattle grazing did not seem to markedly change habitat for pygmy rabbits in our study area; however, longer-term and higher intensity grazing might result in more pronounced habitat changes. Understanding the ecological implications of cattle grazing on habitat quality for pygmy rabbits and other sagebrush-dependent wildlife can guide conservation strategies for these species on sagebrush rangelands managed under multiple-use policies.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1036-9872
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1071/RJ13065
    Language: English
    Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
    Publication Date: 2014
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  • 6
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    Selection of food patches by sympatric herbivores in response to concealment and distance from a refuge
    Wiley ; 2016
    In:  Ecology and Evolution Vol. 6, No. 9 ( 2016-05), p. 2865-2876
    Details
    In: Ecology and Evolution, Wiley, Vol. 6, No. 9 ( 2016-05), p. 2865-2876
    Abstract: Small herbivores face risks of predation while foraging and are often forced to trade off food quality for safety. Life history, behaviour, and habitat of predator and prey can influence these trade‐offs. We compared how two sympatric rabbits (pygmy rabbit, B rachylagus idahoensis ; mountain cottontail, S ylvilagus nuttallii ) that differ in size, use of burrows, and habitat specialization in the sagebrush‐steppe of western N orth A merica respond to amount and orientation of concealment cover and proximity to burrow refuges when selecting food patches. We predicted that both rabbit species would prefer food patches that offered greater concealment and food patches that were closer to burrow refuges. However, because pygmy rabbits are small, obligate burrowers that are restricted to sagebrush habitats, we predicted that they would show stronger preferences for greater cover, orientation of concealment, and patches closer to burrow refuges. We offered two food patches to individuals of each species during three experiments that either varied in the amount of concealment cover, orientation of concealment cover, or distance from a burrow refuge. Both species preferred food patches that offered greater concealment, but pygmy rabbits generally preferred terrestrial and mountain cottontails preferred aerial concealment. Only pygmy rabbits preferred food patches closer to their burrow refuge. Different responses to concealment and proximity to burrow refuges by the two species likely reflect differences in perceived predation risks. Because terrestrial predators are able to dig for prey in burrows, animals like pygmy rabbits that rely on burrow refuges might select food patches based more on terrestrial concealment. In contrast, larger habitat generalists that do not rely on burrow refuges, like mountain cottontails, might trade off terrestrial concealment for visibility to detect approaching terrestrial predators. This study suggests that body size and evolutionary adaptations for using habitat, even in closely related species, might influence anti‐predator behaviors in prey species.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2045-7758 , 2045-7758
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/ece3.2016.6.issue-9
    DOI: 10.1002/ece3.1940
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2016
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2635675-2
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  • 7
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    Preferences of Specialist and Generalist Mammalian Herbivores for Mixtures Versus Individual Plant Secondary Metabolites
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2019
    In:  Journal of Chemical Ecology Vol. 45, No. 1 ( 2019-1), p. 74-85
    Details
    In: Journal of Chemical Ecology, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 45, No. 1 ( 2019-1), p. 74-85
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0098-0331 , 1573-1561
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1007/s10886-018-1030-5
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2016744-1
    SSG: 12
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  • 8
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    Estimating Juvenile Salmon Estuarine Carrying Capacities to Support Restoration Planning and Evaluation
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2023
    In:  Estuaries and Coasts Vol. 46, No. 4 ( 2023-06), p. 1046-1066
    Details
    In: Estuaries and Coasts, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 46, No. 4 ( 2023-06), p. 1046-1066
    Abstract: Estimating juvenile salmon habitat carrying capacities is a critical need for restoration planning. We assimilated more than 4500 unique estimates of published juvenile densities (e.g., fish/m 2 ) in estuarine and floodplain habitats. These density data were categorized by species and life stage, habitat type, seasonal period, and geographic region to develop frequency statistics (e.g., 25th and 75th percentiles, or quartiles). These frequency statistics were then used in a habitat expansion approach to estimate carrying capacities based on habitat extent. We demonstrate the habitat expansion approach by applying the quantiles of observed juvenile Chinook salmon ( Oncorhynchus tshawytscha ) and coho salmon ( O. kisutch ) densities (fish/ha) to spatial data describing current, historical or potential, and predicted (based on seal level rise) habitat extents for 16 coastal Oregon estuaries to estimate carrying capacities. Current carrying capacities based on 75th percentile springtime (Apr–Jun) densities ranged from 2902 to 33,817 fish/delta for Chinook salmon and 2507 to 20,206 fish/delta for coho salmon. Historic carrying capacities during the peak rearing period (spring) ranged from 3869 to 71,844 fish/delta for Chinook salmon and 3201 to 38,337 fish/delta for coho salmon, representing a 3 to 72% loss in Chinook salmon capacity and 2 to 67% loss in coho salmon capacity. Estimated carrying capacities were predicted to decline by 2 to 54% with 1.4 m of sea level rise in systems that are projected to lose vegetated tidal wetland habitat, while a 1 to 320% increase in capacity was predicted for systems that are predicted to increase in area with sea level rise. Finally, we demonstrate how the carrying capacity estimates can be used to estimate changes in juvenile Chinook and coho salmon capacity following restoration, which can be used to both design and evaluate restoration projects.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1559-2723 , 1559-2731
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1007/s12237-023-01185-y
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2229170-2
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  • 9
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    A comparison of methods for estimating juvenile salmon habitat capacity to assist with restoration planning and evaluation
    Wiley ; 2023
    In:  Transactions of the American Fisheries Society Vol. 152, No. 2 ( 2023-03), p. 201-216
    Details
    In: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, Wiley, Vol. 152, No. 2 ( 2023-03), p. 201-216
    Abstract: Impact Statement Estimating the number of juvenile salmon a stream reach can support is critical for restoration planning. A comparison of seven methods to estimate juvenile salmon capacity found simple habitat expansion methods provide suitable estimates for reach‐scale restoration planning.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0002-8487 , 1548-8659
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/tafs.v152.2
    DOI: 10.1002/tafs.10399
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2192460-0
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 21,3
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  • 10
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    Mule deer do more with less: comparing their nutritional requirements and tolerances with white-tailed deer
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2022
    In:  Journal of Mammalogy Vol. 103, No. 1 ( 2022-01-25), p. 178-195
    Details
    In: Journal of Mammalogy, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 103, No. 1 ( 2022-01-25), p. 178-195
    Abstract: Congeneric species often share ecological niche space resulting in competitive interactions that either limit co-occurrence or lead to niche partitioning. Differences in fundamental nutritional niches mediated through character displacement or isolation during evolution are potential mechanisms that could explain overlapping distribution patterns of congenerics. We directly compared nutritional requirements and tolerances that influence the fundamental niche of mule (Odocoileus hemionus) and white-tailed deer (O. virginianus), which occur in allopatry and sympatry in similar realized ecological niches across their ranges in North America. Digestible energy and protein requirements and tolerances for plant fiber and plant secondary metabolites (PSMs) of both deer species were quantified using in vivo digestion and intake tolerance trials with six diets ranging in content of fiber, protein, and PSMs using tractable deer raised under identical conditions in captivity. We found that compared with white-tailed deer, mule deer required 54% less digestible protein and 21% less digestible energy intake per day to maintain body mass and nitrogen balance. In addition, they had higher fiber, energy, and dry matter digestibility and produced glucuronic acid (a byproduct of PSM detoxification) at a slower rate when consuming the monoterpene α-pinene. The mule deers’ enhanced physiological abilities to cope with low-quality, chemically defended forages relative to white-tailed deer might minimize potential competitive interactions in shared landscapes and provide a modest advantage to mule deer in habitats dominated by low-quality forages.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-2372 , 1545-1542
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/jmammal/gyab116
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2066602-0
    SSG: 12
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