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  • 1
    In: The Journal of Infectious Diseases, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 222, No. Supplement_7 ( 2020-10-07), p. S570-S576
    Abstract: Pneumonia constitutes a substantial disease burden among adults overall and those who are elderly. We aimed to identify all studies investigating the disease burden among older adults (age, ≥65 years) admitted to the hospital with pneumonia. We estimated the hospital admission rate and in-hospital case-fatality ratio (CFR) of pneumonia in older adults, stratified by age and economic status (industrialized vs developing), with data from a systematic review of studies published from 1996 through 2017 and from 8 unpublished population-based studies. We applied these rate estimates to population estimates for 2015 to calculate the global and regional burden in older adults who would have been admitted to the hospital with pneumonia that year. We estimated the number of in-hospital pneumonia deaths by combining in-hospital CFRs with hospital admission estimates from hospital-based studies. We identified 109 eligible studies; 73 used clinical pneumonia as the case definition, and 36 used radiologically confirmed pneumonia as the case definition. We estimated that, in 2015, 6.8 million episodes (uncertainty range [UR], 5.8–8.0 episodes) of clinical pneumonia resulted in hospital admissions of older adults worldwide. The hospital admission rate increased with advancing age and was higher in men. The total disease burden was likely underestimated when using the definition of radiologically confirmed pneumonia. Based on data from 52 hospital studies reporting data on pneumonia mortality, we estimated that about 1.1 million in-hospital deaths (UR, 0.9–1.4 in-hospital deaths) occurred among older adults. The burden of pneumonia requiring hospitalization among older adults is substantial. Appropriate prevention and management strategies should be developed to reduce its impact.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-1899 , 1537-6613
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1473843-0
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  • 2
    In: The Journal of Infectious Diseases, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 222, No. Supplement_7 ( 2020-10-07), p. S628-S633
    Abstract: Recurrent wheeze and asthma in childhood are commons causes of chronic respiratory morbidity globally. We aimed to explore the association between respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection in early life and subsequent respiratory sequelae up to age 12 years. Methods We estimated the strength of association by 3 control groups and 3 follow-up age groups, with data from studies published between January 1995 and May 2018. We also estimated associations by diagnostic criteria, age at infection, and high-risk population. Results Overall, we included 41 studies. A statistically significant association was observed between early life RSV infection and subsequent childhood recurrent wheeze, in comparison to those who were healthy or those without respiratory symptoms: OR 3.05 (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.50–3.71) for 0 to & lt;36 months follow-up age; OR 2.60 (95% CI, 1.67–4.04) for 36–72 months; and OR 2.14 (95% CI, 1.33–3.45) for 73–144 months. For the subsequent development of asthma, a statistically significant association was observed only in relation to those aged 73–144 months at follow-up: OR 2.95 (95% CI, 1.96–4.46). Conclusions Further studies using standardized definitions and from diverse settings are needed to elucidate the role of confounders and provide more robust estimates.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-1899 , 1537-6613
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1473843-0
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  • 3
    In: The Journal of Infectious Diseases, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 222, No. Supplement_7 ( 2020-10-07), p. S613-S619
    Abstract: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most common viral pathogen associated with acute lower respiratory infections (ALRIs), with significant childhood morbidity and mortality worldwide. Estimates reporting RSV-associated ALRI (RSV-ALRI) severity in children with congenital heart disease (CHD) are lacking, thus warranting the need to summarize the available data. We identified relevant studies to summarize the findings and conducted a meta-analysis of available data on RSV-associated ALRI hospitalizations in children aged & lt;5 years, comparing those with underlying CHD to those without CHD. Methods We conducted a systematic search of existing relevant literature and identified studies reporting hospitalization of children aged & lt;5 years with RSV-ALRI with underlying or no CHD. We summarized the data and conducted (where possible) a random-effects meta-analysis to compare the 2 groups. Results We included 18 studies that met our strict eligibility criteria. The risk of severe RSV-ALRI (odds ratio, 2.2; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.6–2.8), the rate of hospitalization (incidence rate ratio, 2.8; 95% CI, 1.9–4.1), and the case-fatality ratio (risk ratio [RR] , 16.5; 95% CI, 13.7–19.8) associated with RSV-ALRI was higher among children with underlying CHD as compared to those without no CHD. The risk of admission to the intensive care unit (RR, 3.9; 95% CI, 3.4–4.5), need for supplemental oxygen therapy (RR, 3.4; 95% CI, .5–21.1), and need for mechanical ventilation (RR, 4.1; 95% CI, 2.1–8.0) was also higher among children with underlying CHD. Conclusion This is the most detailed review to show more-severe RSV-ALRI among children aged & lt;5 years with underlying CHD, especially hemodynamically significant underlying CHD, as compared those without CHD, supporting a need for improved RSV prophylactics and treatments that also have efficacy in children older than 1 year.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-1899 , 1537-6613
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1473843-0
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  • 4
    In: The Journal of Infectious Diseases, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 222, No. Supplement_7 ( 2020-10-07), p. S620-S627
    Abstract: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is among the most important causes of acute lower respiratory tract infection (ALRI) in young children. We assessed the severity of RSV-ALRI in children less than 5 years old with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Methods We searched for studies using EMBASE, Global Health, and MEDLINE. We assessed hospitalization risk, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, need for oxygen supplementation and mechanical ventilation, and in-hospital case fatality (hCFR) among children with BPD compared with those without (non-BPD). We compared the (1) length of hospital stay (LOS) and (2) duration of oxygen supplementation and mechanical ventilation between the groups. Results Twenty-nine studies fulfilled our inclusion criteria. The case definition for BPD varied substantially in the included studies. Risks were higher among children with BPD compared with non-BPD: RSV hospitalization (odds ratio [OR], 2.6; 95% confidence interval [CI] , 1.7–4.2; P & lt; .001), ICU admission (OR, 2.9; 95% CI, 2.3–3.5; P & lt; .001), need for oxygen supplementation (OR, 4.2; 95% CI, .5–33.7; P = .175) and mechanical ventilation (OR, 8.2; 95% CI, 7.6–8.9; P & lt; .001), and hCFR (OR, 12.8; 95% CI, 9.4–17.3; P & lt; .001). Median LOS (range) was 7.2 days (4–23) (BPD) compared with 2.5 days (1–30) (non-BPD). Median duration of oxygen supplementation (range) was 5.5 days (0–21) (BPD) compared with 2.0 days (0–26) (non-BPD). The duration of mechanical ventilation was more often longer ( & gt;6 days) in those with BPD compared with non-BPD (OR, 11.9; 95% CI, 1.4–100; P = .02). Conclusions The risk of severe RSV disease is considerably higher among children with BPD. There is an urgent need to establish standardized BPD case definitions, review the RSV prophylaxis guidelines, and encourage more specific studies on RSV infection in BPD patients, including vaccine development and RSV-specific treatment.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-1899 , 1537-6613
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1473843-0
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  • 5
    In: The Journal of Infectious Diseases, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 222, No. Supplement_7 ( 2020-10-07), p. S577-S583
    Abstract: Respiratory syncytial virus–associated acute respiratory infection (RSV-ARI) constitutes a substantial disease burden in older adults aged ≥65 years. We aimed to identify all studies worldwide investigating the disease burden of RSV-ARI in this population. We estimated the community incidence, hospitalization rate, and in-hospital case-fatality ratio (hCFR) of RSV-ARI in older adults, stratified by industrialized and developing regions, using data from a systematic review of studies published between January 1996 and April 2018 and 8 unpublished population-based studies. We applied these rate estimates to population estimates for 2015 to calculate the global and regional burdens in older adults with RSV-ARI in the community and in hospitals for that year. We estimated the number of in-hospital deaths due to RSV-ARI by combining hCFR data with hospital admission estimates from hospital-based studies. In 2015, there were about 1.5 million episodes (95% confidence interval [CI], .3 million–6.9 million) of RSV-ARI in older adults in industrialized countries (data for developing countries were missing), and of these, approximately 14.5% (214 000 episodes; 95% CI, 100 000–459 000) were admitted to hospitals. The global number of hospital admissions for RSV-ARI in older adults was estimated at 336 000 hospitalizations (uncertainty range [UR] , 186 000–614 000). We further estimated about 14 000 in-hospital deaths (UR, 5000–50 000) related to RSV-ARI globally. The hospital admission rate and hCFR were higher for those aged ≥65 years than for those aged 50–64 years. The disease burden of RSV-ARI among older adults is substantial, with limited data from developing countries. Appropriate prevention and management strategies are needed to reduce this burden.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-1899 , 1537-6613
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1473843-0
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  • 6
    In: The Journal of Infectious Diseases, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 222, No. Supplement_7 ( 2020-10-07), p. S563-S569
    Abstract: Acute respiratory tract infections (ARI) constitute a substantial disease burden in adults and elderly individuals. We aimed to identify all case-control studies investigating the potential role of respiratory viruses in the etiology of ARI in older adults aged ≥65 years. We conducted a systematic literature review (across 7 databases) of case-control studies published from 1996 to 2017 that investigated the viral profile of older adults with and those without ARI. We then computed a pooled odds ratio (OR) with a 95% confidence interval and virus-specific attributable fraction among the exposed (AFE) for 8 common viruses: respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), influenza virus (Flu), parainfluenza virus (PIV), human metapneumovirus (HMPV), adenovirus (AdV), rhinovirus (RV), bocavirus (BoV), and coronavirus (CoV). From the 16 studies included, there was strong evidence of possible causal attribution for RSV (OR, 8.5 [95% CI, 3.9–18.5] ; AFE, 88%), Flu (OR, 8.3 [95% CI, 4.4–15.9]; AFE, 88%), PIV (OR, not available; AFE, approximately 100%), HMPV (OR, 9.8 [95% CI, 2.3–41.0] ; AFE, 90%), AdV (OR, not available; AFE, approximately 100%), RV (OR, 7.1 [95% CI, 3.7–13.6]; AFE, 86%) and CoV (OR, 2.8 [95% CI, 2.0–4.1] ; AFE, 65%) in older adults presenting with ARI, compared with those without respiratory symptoms (ie, asymptomatic individuals) or healthy older adults. However, there was no significant difference in the detection of BoV in cases and controls. This review supports RSV, Flu, PIV, HMPV, AdV, RV, and CoV as important causes of ARI in older adults and provides quantitative estimates of the absolute proportion of virus-associated ARI cases to which a viral cause can be attributed. Disease burden estimates should take into account the appropriate AFE estimates (for older adults) that we report.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-1899 , 1537-6613
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1473843-0
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  • 7
    In: The Journal of Infectious Diseases, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 222, No. Supplement_7 ( 2020-10-07), p. S584-S591
    Abstract: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most common cause of bronchiolitis in young infants. However, it is also a significant pathogen in older adults. Validated biomarkers of RSV disease severity would benefit diagnostics, treatment decisions, and prophylactic interventions. This review summarizes knowledge of biomarkers for RSV disease in adults. Methods A literature review was performed using Ovid Medline, Embase, Global health, Scopus, and Web of Science for articles published 1946–October 2016. Nine articles were identified plus 9 from other sources. Results From observational studies of natural infection and challenge studies in volunteers, biomarkers of RSV susceptibility or disease severity in adults were: (1) lower anti-RSV neutralizing antibodies, where neutralizing antibody (and local IgA) may be a correlate of susceptibility/severity; (2) RSV-specific CD8+ T cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid preinfection (subjects with higher levels had less severe illness); and (3) elevated interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-8, and myeloperoxidase levels in the airway are indicative of severe infection. Conclusions Factors determining susceptibility to and severity of RSV disease in adults have not been well defined. Respiratory mucosal antibodies and CD8+ T cells appear to contribute to preventing infection and modulation of disease severity. Studies of RSV pathogenesis in at-risk populations are needed.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-1899 , 1537-6613
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2020
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  • 8
    In: JAMA Network Open, American Medical Association (AMA), Vol. 6, No. 8 ( 2023-08-14), p. e2328828-
    Abstract: Ginkgo diterpene lactone meglumine (GDLM) has attracted much attention because of its potential neuroprotective properties in ischemic stroke. The efficacy of GDLM in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) needs to be verified by well-designed randomized clinical trials. Objective To assess the efficacy and safety of GDLM in patients with AIS. Design, Setting, and Participants This multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group trial involved 3448 patients who had AIS, were aged 18 to 80 years, had a clinically diagnosed AIS symptom within 48 hours of onset, had a modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score of 0 or 1 prior to onset, and had a National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score ranging from 4 to 24. The trial took place at 100 centers in China from February 1, 2016, to May 1, 2018. The mRS is a global stroke disability scale with scores ranging from 0 (no symptoms or completely recovered) to 6 (death). The National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale is a tool used by clinicians to quantify impairment caused by stroke (range, 0-42, with higher scores indicating greater severity). Data were analyzed from January 2019 to December 2022. Interventions Patients were randomized to receive GDLM or placebo once daily via intravenous infusion in a 1:1 ratio. The treatment was dispensed within 48 hours after symptoms and continued for 14 days. Interventions of thrombolysis and thrombectomy were not permitted during the treatment. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome was the proportion of patients with an mRS of 0 or 1 on day 90 after randomization. Safety outcomes included adverse events and serious adverse events. Results A total of 3448 patients were randomized, with 1725 patients assigned to the GDLM group and 1723 patients assigned to the placebo group. The median (IQR) age of the patients was 63 (55-71) years, and 1232 (35.7%) were women. The primary outcome on day 90 occurred in 877 patients (50.8%) in the GDLM group, and 759 patients (44.1%) in the placebo group (risk difference, 6.79%; 95% CI, 3.46%-10.10%; odds ratio, 1.31; 95% CI, 1.15-1.50; relative risk, 1.15; 95% CI, 1.08-1.24; P   & amp;lt; .001). Adverse events occurred relatively equally between the 2 groups (303 [17.6%] vs 298 [17.3%] ; risk difference, 0.27%; 95% CI, −2.26% to 2.80%; odds ratio, 1.02; 95% CI, 0.85-1.21; relative risk, 1.02; 95% CI, 0.88-1.17; P  = .83). Conclusions and Relevance Among patients with AIS in this randomized clinical trial, GDLM improved the proportion of patients achieving favorable clinical outcomes at 90 days compared with placebo. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02526225
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2574-3805
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Medical Association (AMA)
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2931249-8
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Hindawi Limited ; 2014
    In:  Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity Vol. 2014 ( 2014), p. 1-11
    In: Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, Hindawi Limited, Vol. 2014 ( 2014), p. 1-11
    Abstract: The present study was to explore the effect of metallothionein (MT) on intermittent hypoxia (IH) induced aortic pathogenic changes. Markers of oxidative damages, inflammation, and vascular remodeling were observed by immunohistochemical staining after 3 days and 1, 3, and 8 weeks after IH exposures. Endogenous MT was induced after 3 days of IH but was significantly decreased after 8 weeks of IH. Compared with the wild-type mice, MT knock-out mice exhibited earlier and more severe pathogenic changes of oxidative damages, inflammatory responses, and cellular apoptosis, as indicated by the significant accumulation of collagen, increased levels of connective tissue growth factor, transforming growth factor β 1 , tumor necrosis factor-alpha, vascular cell adhesion molecule 1,3-nitrotyrosine, and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal in the aorta. These findings suggested that chronic IH may lead to aortic damages characterized by oxidative stress and inflammation, and MT may play a pivotal role in the above pathogenesis process.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1942-0900 , 1942-0994
    Language: English
    Publisher: Hindawi Limited
    Publication Date: 2014
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2455981-7
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2021
    In:  Frontiers in Oncology Vol. 11 ( 2021-4-29)
    In: Frontiers in Oncology, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 11 ( 2021-4-29)
    Abstract: Endometrial cancer (EC) is one of the most common female malignant tumors. The immunity is believed to be associated with EC patients’ survival, and growing studies have shown that aberrant alternative splicing (AS) might contribute to the progression of cancers. Methods We downloaded the clinical information and mRNA expression profiles of 542 tumor tissues and 23 normal tissues from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. ESTIMATE algorithm was carried out on each EC sample, and the OS-related different expressed AS (DEAS) events were identified by comparing the high and low stromal/immune scores groups. Next, we constructed a risk score model to predict the prognosis of EC patients. Finally, we used unsupervised cluster analysis to compare the relationship between prognosis and tumor immune microenvironment. Results The prognostic risk score model was constructed based on 16 OS-related DEAS events finally identified, and then we found that compared with high-risk group the OS in the low-risk group was notably better. Furthermore, according to the results of unsupervised cluster analysis, we found that the better the prognosis, the higher the patient’s ESTIMATE score and the higher the infiltration of immune cells. Conclusions We used bioinformatics to construct a gene signature to predict the prognosis of patients with EC. The gene signature was combined with tumor microenvironment (TME) and AS events, which allowed a deeper understanding of the immune status of EC patients, and also provided new insights for clinical patients with EC.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2234-943X
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2649216-7
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