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  • 1
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    Online Resource
    Open Data from the Third Observing Run of LIGO, Virgo, KAGRA, and GEO
    American Astronomical Society ; 2023
    In:  The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series Vol. 267, No. 2 ( 2023-08-01), p. 29-
    Details
    In: The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, American Astronomical Society, Vol. 267, No. 2 ( 2023-08-01), p. 29-
    Abstract: The global network of gravitational-wave observatories now includes five detectors, namely LIGO Hanford, LIGO Livingston, Virgo, KAGRA, and GEO 600. These detectors collected data during their third observing run, O3, composed of three phases: O3a starting in 2019 April and lasting six months, O3b starting in 2019 November and lasting five months, and O3GK starting in 2020 April and lasting two weeks. In this paper we describe these data and various other science products that can be freely accessed through the Gravitational Wave Open Science Center at https://gwosc.org . The main data set, consisting of the gravitational-wave strain time series that contains the astrophysical signals, is released together with supporting data useful for their analysis and documentation, tutorials, as well as analysis software packages.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0067-0049 , 1538-4365
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3847/1538-4365/acdc9f
    RVK:
    UA 1000
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: American Astronomical Society
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2006860-8
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2207650-5
    SSG: 16,12
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  • 2
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    Residue Management Strategies for Kentucky Bluegrass Seed Production
    Wiley ; 1997
    In:  Crop Science Vol. 37, No. 6 ( 1997-11), p. 1836-1840
    Details
    In: Crop Science, Wiley, Vol. 37, No. 6 ( 1997-11), p. 1836-1840
    Abstract: Open‐field burning provides effective, economical post‐harvest residue management in Kentucky bluegrass ( Poa pratensis L.) seed crops, but public concern over air quality necessitates the identification of nonthermal management strategies. On‐farm trials were conducted in Oregon's Grande Ronde Valley to investigate the effect of nonthermal management in two cultivars of Kentucky bluegrass on crop regrowth, seed yield, and seed quality. Residue treatments imposed after the first, second, and third seed harvests included (i) removal of straw by baling (Bale), (ii) baling, flailing with a rotary scythe, followed by residue removal with a needle‐nose rake (Rake), (iii) baling, followed by removal of the residue by vacuum‐sweeper (Vacuum), (iv) flail‐chopping residue three times with no removal (Flail 3X), and (v) open‐field burning (Burn). Tillers were etiolated at the cessation of fall regrowth in Flail 3X (stubble height reduced, no straw removal) and Bale (no stubble height reduction, 75% straw removal) treatments. Fertile tiller number was lower in the following spring with Flail 3X and Bale treatments compared with Burn. Seed yield averaged across the 3‐yr period was reduced 38% when managed with Flail 3X and 10% when managed with Bale compared with Burn. Crop regrowth, fertile tiller production, and seed yield resulting from Rake and Vacuum treatments were equivalent to the Burn treatment. Rake and Vacuum treatments reduced stubble height and removed at least 90% of the straw. High seed yield and seed quality can be maintained in Kentucky bluegrass without open‐field burning when straw removal is thorough and stubble height is reduced prior to crop regrowth.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0011-183X , 1435-0653
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.2135/cropsci1997.0011183X003700060029x
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 1997
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1480918-7
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  • 3
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    Online Resource
    Effects of elevated CO 2 and temperature on seed quality
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2013
    In:  The Journal of Agricultural Science Vol. 151, No. 2 ( 2013-04), p. 154-162
    Details
    In: The Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 151, No. 2 ( 2013-04), p. 154-162
    Abstract: Successful crop production depends initially on the availability of high-quality seed. By 2050 global climate change will have influenced crop yields, but will these changes affect seed quality? The present review examines the effects of elevated carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and temperature during seed production on three seed quality components: seed mass, germination and seed vigour. In response to elevated CO 2 , seed mass has been reported to both increase and decrease in C 3 plants, but not change in C 4 plants. Increases are greater in legumes than non-legumes, and there is considerable variation among species. Seed mass increases may result in a decrease of seed nitrogen (N) concentration in non-legumes. Increasing temperature may decrease seed mass because of an accelerated growth rate and reduced seed filling duration, but lower seed mass does not necessarily reduce seed germination or vigour. Like seed mass, reported seed germination responses to elevated CO 2 have been variable. The reported changes in seed C/N ratio can decrease seed protein content which may eventually lead to reduced viability. Conversely, increased ethylene production may stimulate germination in some species. High-temperature stress before developing seeds reach physiological maturity (PM) can reduce germination by inhibiting the ability of the plant to supply the assimilates necessary to synthesize the storage compounds required for germination. Nothing is known concerning the effects of elevated CO 2 on seed vigour. However, seed vigour can be reduced by high-temperature stress both before and after PM. High temperatures induce or increase the physiological deterioration of seeds. Limited evidence suggests that only short periods of high-temperature stress at critical seed development stages are required to reduce seed vigour, but further research is required. The predicted environmental changes will lead to losses of seed quality, particularly for seed vigour and possibly germination. The seed industry will need to consider management changes to minimize the risk of this occurring.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0021-8596 , 1469-5146
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S0021859612000263
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2013
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1498349-7
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  • 4
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    Spring Establishment of Turf‐Type Tall Fescue Seed Crops with Cereal Companion Crops
    Wiley ; 1989
    In:  Agronomy Journal Vol. 81, No. 3 ( 1989-05), p. 488-493
    Details
    In: Agronomy Journal, Wiley, Vol. 81, No. 3 ( 1989-05), p. 488-493
    Abstract: Spring plantings of tall fescue ( Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) for seed production are common in the Pacific Northwest, but seed yields are negligible in the year of planting. Planting tall fescue seed crops with cereal companion crops could increase the profitability of seed production. The purpose of this study was to determine the competitive effects of spring cereals on growth, seed yield, and economic return of turf‐type tall fescue. ‘Bonanza’ tall fescue was interplanted iin 45‐cm rows with ‘Waverly’ spring wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.), ‘Steptoe’ spring barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.), and ‘Cayuse’ spring oats [ Avena fatua var. sativa (L.) Haussk.] in 15‐ and 30‐cm rows. Experiments were initiated in March 1985 near Corvallis, OR, and repeated in 1986. Cereals reduced the photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) available for tall fescue seedlings, which caused transient increases in chlorophyll content and reduced soil temperature by 1.8 °C. Soil water content was decreased by competition from cereals, causing greater stomatal resistance and lower transpiration rate. Reduction in PPFD and soil water by cereals was responsible for low tall fescue tiller and dry matter production. Following cereal harvest, tall fescue regrowth and new tiller initiation were delayed until spring as a consequence of competition with cereals, resulting in fewer fertile tillers and a 61% reduction in firstyear (after planting) seed yield compared with no companion crop. Tall fescue growth and seed yield were similar with all cereals, row spacings, and combinations of row spacings and cereals. Second‐year (after planting) seed yield was 15% greater when fescue was established with cereals than when no companion crop was used. Dry conditions caused low grain yield and increased competition by cereals, and was partly responsible for poor economic returns; however, fescue planted with spring oats earned $139.00 ha ‐1 more than monoculture over a 3‐yr period because of compensatory increases in second‐year seed yield. This suggests that turf‐type tall fescue establishment with cereals could be more profitable in spring with irrigation or in fall when water is not limiting.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0002-1962 , 1435-0645
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.2134/agronj1989.00021962008100030019x
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 1989
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1471598-3
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  • 5
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    Establishment of Red Fescue Seed Crops with Cereal Companion Crops. II. Seed Production and Economic Implications
    Wiley ; 1988
    In:  Crop Science Vol. 28, No. 2 ( 1988-03), p. 313-316
    Details
    In: Crop Science, Wiley, Vol. 28, No. 2 ( 1988-03), p. 313-316
    Abstract: The influence of companion crops on red fescue ( Festuca rubra L.) seed production and net income over a 3‐yr period was investigated. ‘Pennlawn’ red fescue was interplanted in 1982 and 1983 with cereal companion crops near Corvallis, OR, on Woodburn silt loam (fine‐silty, mixed, mesic Aquultic Argixeroll) soil. ‘Yamhill’ and ‘Hill 81’ winter wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.), and ‘Hesk’ and ‘Scio’ winter barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.) were planted in 15‐, 30‐, 45‐ and 60‐cm rows at right angles to red fescue rows. Although companion crops adversely affected red fescue growth during establishment, first‐year seed yield in the first experiment was not significantly reduced. Red fescue seed yields ranged from 490 kg ha −1 when planted with Hill 81 wheat to 654 kg ha −1 with Scio barley, whereas yield without a companion crop was 589 kg ha −1 . First‐year seed yield was somewhat depressed in the second experiment by the wheat cultivars and Hesk barley, but not by Scio barley. Yields ranged from 908 kg ha −1 for red fescue planted with Hill 81 to 1008 kg ha −1 with Scio, whereas 1177 kg ha −1 was obtained with no companion crop. Second‐year seed yield was not affected by companion crops in either experiment. Establishment with Yamhill wheat increased net income over a 3‐yr period by U.S. $508 ha −1 over red fescue established alone, whereas planting with Hesk barley produced the lowest increase in net economic returns, $211 ha −1 . Red fescue seed production was most profitable when wheat companion crops were planted in 15‐cm rows. This study demonstrates the potential for profitable and reliable establishment of red fescue seed crops with cereal companion crops in Oregon.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0011-183X , 1435-0653
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.2135/cropsci1988.0011183X002800020027x
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 1988
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1480918-7
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  • 6
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    Trinexapac‐Ethyl Effects on Red Clover Seed Crops in Diverse Production Environments
    Wiley ; 2015
    In:  Agronomy Journal Vol. 107, No. 3 ( 2015-05), p. 951-956
    Details
    In: Agronomy Journal, Wiley, Vol. 107, No. 3 ( 2015-05), p. 951-956
    Abstract: Trinexapac‐ethyl (TE) plant growth regulator (PGR) effects on diploid red clover ( Trifolium pratense L.) seed production were investigated in two diverse environments, Canterbury (CA), New Zealand (NZ), and Willamette Valley, Oregon (OR). Five TE rate (250 and 500 g a.i. ha −1 ) and timing [Biologische Bundesanstalt, Bundessortenamt, and CHemische Industrie (BBCH) growth stages 32, 51, 32 + 51] treatments and an untreated control were examined at six on‐farm sites in OR and one experimental site in CA in 2011 and 2012. Seed yield was increased across CA and OR production environments with 500 g ha −1 TE applied at BBCH 32 (15%, CA‐2011; 9%, OR‐2011; 13%, OR‐2012). Split applications of 500 g ha −1 TE (BBCH 32 + 51) improved seed yield by up to 13% in OR but had no effect in CA. Seed weight was generally inversely related to yield; TE treatments that produced the highest yield also had the lowest seed weight and thus did not contribute to TE‐induced yield improvement. Increases in inflorescences m −2 with TE ranged from 26 to 62% in all environments. Coupled with other measured effects of TE on flowering and stem production, these may have been contributing factors to seed yield enhancement by TE. Crop height was consistently reduced by TE across CA and OR environments but aboveground crop biomass was not affected by TE. The timely use of TE PGR is a practice that has broad applicability in red clover seed production across CA and OR environments.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0002-1962 , 1435-0645
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.2134/agronj14.0399
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2015
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1471598-3
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  • 7
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    A Biochemical Method for Estimating Viability of Teliospores of Tilletia controversa
    Scientific Societies ; 1990
    In:  Phytopathology Vol. 80, No. 5 ( 1990), p. 474-
    Details
    In: Phytopathology, Scientific Societies, Vol. 80, No. 5 ( 1990), p. 474-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0031-949X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1094/Phyto-80-474
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Scientific Societies
    Publication Date: 1990
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2037027-1
    SSG: 12
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  • 8
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    Online Resource
    Stand Establishment Response of Soft White Winter Wheat to Seedbed Residue and Seed Size
    Wiley ; 1995
    In:  Crop Science Vol. 35, No. 1 ( 1995-01), p. 213-218
    Details
    In: Crop Science, Wiley, Vol. 35, No. 1 ( 1995-01), p. 213-218
    Abstract: The adoption of soil‐conserving management systems in dryland soft white winter wheat ( Triticurn aestivum L.) production areas is limited by concerns that seedbed residues contribute to suboptimal stand establishment. Field trials were seeded in 1990 (Trial 1) and 1991 (Trial 2) near Pendleton, OR, to ascertain seedbed crop residue, seed size, and cultivar effects on emergence, early growth and development, and yield of soft white winter wheat. Seedbeds were much drier in Trial 2 than in Trial 1. Seed‐soil contact was probably reduced in high residue cover, but emergence rate was reduced by seedbed residue in Trial 2 only when seed zone water content was 〈 120 g kg −1 . Consequently, plant growth and development were responsive to seedbed residues only in Trial 2. Final stand density and grain yield were not sensitive to seedbed residue level in either trial. Seed size had no effect on laboratory germination, but seedlings from large seed emerged more rapidly in the held. Plants grown from large seed were taller, heavier, and had more tillers than plants grown from small seed. Planting large seed had no effect on grain yield in Trial 1, but plants grown from large seed produced 4.2% greater grain yield than from small seed in Trial 2. Cultivar performance was determined by genetic potential, seed size, and seed quality, and was not differentially influenced by seedbed residue level. Emergence was influenced by coleoptile length which differed among cultivars, but coleoptile length was not related to seed size. Higher levels of seedbed surface residues required to reduce soil erosion in dryland crop production systems do not reduce stand Establishment or yield of soft white winter wheat.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0011-183X , 1435-0653
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.2135/cropsci1995.0011183X003500010040x
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 1995
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1480918-7
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  • 9
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    Online Resource
    Establishment of Red Fescue Seed Crops with Cereal Companion Crops. I. Morphological Responses
    Wiley ; 1988
    In:  Crop Science Vol. 28, No. 2 ( 1988-03), p. 308-312
    Details
    In: Crop Science, Wiley, Vol. 28, No. 2 ( 1988-03), p. 308-312
    Abstract: A number of perennial grass seed crops, including red fescue ( Festuca rubra L.), do not produce a seed crop during the establishment year. Planting red fescue with cereal companion crops would enable the grower to obtain an income from the grain crop during the establishment year. The objectives of this study were to determine the feasibility of establishing red fescue seed crops with cereal companion crops in Oregon's Willamette Valley and to examine the influence of cereal companion crops, cultivars, and row spacings on growth environment and plant development of red fescue. ‘Pennlawn’ red fescue was charcoal‐seeded in 30‐cm rows in October 1982 and 1983 on a Woodburn silt loam (fine‐silty, mixed, mesic Aquultic Argixeroll) soil near Corvallis, OR. ‘Yamhill’ and ‘Hill 81’ winter wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.), and ‘Hesk’ and ‘Scio’ winter barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.) were drilled in 15‐, 30‐, 45‐ and 60‐cm rows perpendicular to the red fescue rows. The effect of wheat and barley on photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD), soil moisture available to red fescue plants, and red fescue growth characteristics were monitored until cereals were harvested. Companion crops reduced PPFD incident on red fescue plants by as much as 90% at peak cereal leaf area. This greatly decreased red fescue tiller numbers, dry matter production, and increased tiller height. The two cereals did not differentially affect red fescue growth. Increasing row spacing resulted in more red fescue tillers, dry matter, and reduced etiolation of tillers. Soil moisture content was not decreased by establishment with cereals. Competition by companion crops for PPFD was more important than for soil moisture in reducing red fescue growth during the establishment year. The effect of companion crops on red fescue seed yield and the economic returns from this cropping system are reported in a companion paper.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0011-183X , 1435-0653
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.2135/cropsci1988.0011183X002800020026x
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 1988
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1480918-7
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  • 10
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    High‐Temperature Sodium Hypochlorite Effects on Viability of Tilletia Controversa Teliospores and Wheat Seed
    Wiley ; 1991
    In:  Crop Science Vol. 31, No. 5 ( 1991-09), p. 1327-1330
    Details
    In: Crop Science, Wiley, Vol. 31, No. 5 ( 1991-09), p. 1327-1330
    Abstract: Contamination of wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) grain by Tilletia controversa Kühn teliospores is a constraint to expanding international markets for U.S. Pacific Northwest wheat. Developing a method to kill teliospores on wheat grain and seed could be very beneficial for the region's agricultural economy. This study was conducted to evaluate high‐temperature NaOCl as a disinfestant for T. controversa teliospores and to ascertain the effect of NaOCl treatment on wheat seed viability. Contaminated ‘Stephens’ and ‘Daws’ winter wheat seed lots were exposed for 15, 30, or 60 s to 0, 0.07, 0.13, 0.27, or 0.67 M NaOCl solutions heated to 50, 55, or 60 °C. Wheat seed quality and teliospore viability were determined by standard germination tests and by lipase assays, respectively. Maximum teliospore mortality was achieved when the NaOCl concentration was ≥0.13 M . Stephens germination was generally not reduced by NaOCl heated to 50 and 55 °C, regardless of exposure time, but was reduced at 60 °C when exposed for 60 s. Germination was proportionally reduced by increased NaOCl concentration and time of NaOCl exposure. Daws was more susceptible to high‐temperature NaOCl treatment than Stephens. Seedling coleoptile length of both cultivars was not reduced when seed was exposed for ≤30 s to 0.13 M NaOCl when treatment temperature was ≤55 °C. The safest NaOCl concentration for killing teliospores on seed of both cultivars was 0.13 M when treatment temperature was ≤55 °C. Germination was similar regardless of seed moisture content prior to NaOCl treatment. The high‐temperature NaOCl treatment may be an important tool for solving phytosanitary restrictions imposed due to the presence of teliospores of T. controversa on wheat grain and seed.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0011-183X , 1435-0653
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.2135/cropsci1991.0011183X003100050049x
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 1991
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1480918-7
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