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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    New onset of depression in aging women and men: contributions of social, psychological, behavioral, and somatic predictors in the community
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2019
    In:  Psychological Medicine Vol. 49, No. 07 ( 2019-05), p. 1148-1155
    Details
    In: Psychological Medicine, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 49, No. 07 ( 2019-05), p. 1148-1155
    Abstract: Based on the vulnerability–stress model, we aimed to (1) determine new onset of depression in individuals who had not shown evidence of depression at baseline (5 years earlier) and (2) identify social, psychological, behavioral, and somatic predictors. Methods Longitudinal data of N = 10 036 participants (40–79 years) were evaluated who had no evidence of depression at baseline based on Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), no history of depression, or intake of antidepressants. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to predict the onset of depression. Results Prevalence of new cases of depression was 4.4%. Higher rates of women (5.1%) than men (3.8%) were due to their excess incidence & lt;60 years of age. Regression analyses revealed significant social, psychological, behavioral, and somatic predictors: loneliness [odds ratio (OR) 2.01; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.48–2.71], generalized anxiety (OR 2.65; 1.79–3.85), social phobia (OR 1.87; 1.34–2.57), panic (OR 1.67; 1.01–2.64), type D personality (OR 1.85; 1.47–2.32), smoking (OR 1.35; 1.05–1.71), and comorbid cancer (OR 1.58; 1.09–2.24). Protective factors were age (OR 0.88; 0.83–0.93) and social support (OR 0.93; 0.90–0.95). Stratified by sex, cancer was predictive for women; for men smoking and life events. Entered additionally, the PHQ-9 baseline score was strongly predictive (OR 1.40; 1.34–1.47), generalized anxiety became only marginally, and panic was no longer predictive. Other predictors remained significant, albeit weaker. Conclusions Psychobiological vulnerability, stress, and illness-related factors were predictive of new onset of depression, whereas social support was protective. Baseline subclinical depression was an additional risk weakening the relationship between anxiety and depression by taking their overlap into account. Vulnerability factors differed between men and women.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0033-2917 , 1469-8978
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S0033291718001848
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1470300-2
    SSG: 5,2
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Sex-dependent associations of low birth weight and suicidal ideation in adulthood: a community-based cohort study
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2020
    In:  Scientific Reports Vol. 10, No. 1 ( 2020-07-31)
    Details
    In: Scientific Reports, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 10, No. 1 ( 2020-07-31)
    Abstract: Low birth weight (LBW;  〈  2,500 g) has been identified as a risk factor for adverse mental health outcomes over the life span. However, little is known about the association of LBW and suicidal ideation in middle and late adulthood. We investigated N  = 8,278 participants of a representative community cohort: 3,849 men (46.5%) and 4,429 women (53.5%) (35–74 years of age). We assessed standardized measures of mental distress, sociodemographics, health behavior, and somatic factors (based on an extensive medical assessment). Controlling for these confounders, we examined the relationship of birth weight and suicidal ideation in logistic regression models. As men and women differ with regard to their susceptibility to suicidal ideation and behavior, we tested sex-dependent effects. LBW was reported by 458 participants (5.5%). In men, LBW was associated with a higher likelihood of reporting suicidal ideation (OR 2.92, 95% CI 1.58–5.12). In women, there was no such relationship. The findings underscore the interrelatedness of the physical and psychological domain, the role of early adversity in suicidal ideation, and they identify a vulnerable group whose numbers are expected to grow. They also indicate other risk factors for suicidal ideation in the community (mental distress, lack of social support, and health risk behavior).
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2045-2322
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69961-5
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2615211-3
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Psychological Distress During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Patients With Mental or Physical Diseases
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2021
    In:  Frontiers in Psychology Vol. 12 ( 2021-8-12)
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Psychology, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 12 ( 2021-8-12)
    Abstract: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-2019) and the consequences of the pandemic on individuals’ social, economic, and public lives are assumed to have major implications for the mental health of the general population but also for patients already diagnosed with psychological disorders. The aim of the present study was to investigate the psychological distress during the COVID-19 pandemic in patients with psychological disorders or physical health conditions in inpatient mental and physical treatment programs. A total 2710 patients completed COVID-19 related questions concerning their psychological distress and financial burden during the pandemic. Patients with psychological disorders reported the highest level of psychological distress and financial burden compared to patients with physical health conditions. Furthermore, most patients with psychological disorders attributed their individual psychological distress to the COVID-19 pandemic. In comparison to patients with physical health conditions, patients with psychological disorders are more strongly impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic and have an additional need for psychological/psychotherapeutic treatment due to the COVID-19 crisis. The findings stress the importance of continuous psychosocial support and availability of psychosocial support services for patients with psychological disorders during the pandemic.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1664-1078
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.703488
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2563826-9
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Psychopathology and Theory of Mind in patients with personality disorders
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2023
    In:  Borderline Personality Disorder and Emotion Dysregulation Vol. 10, No. 1 ( 2023-06-01)
    Details
    In: Borderline Personality Disorder and Emotion Dysregulation, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 10, No. 1 ( 2023-06-01)
    Abstract: People with mental disorders frequently suffer from deficits in the ability to infer other’s mental states (Theory of Mind; ToM). Individuals with borderline personality disorder (BPD) show ToM deficits characterized by exceeding ToM (over-attributions of mental states). The present study analyzed associations between ToM, BPD severity, and depression severity in patients with BPD and other personality disorders. Method We analyzed ToM abilities in 128 patients with BPD and 82 patients with ‘mixed and other personality disorders’ (MOPD). MOPD are diagnosed if symptoms of multiple personality disorders are present without any set of symptoms being dominant enough to allow a specific diagnosis. We used the movies for the assessment of social cognition (MASC) to measure ToM abilities, the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) to assess severity of depression and the McLean Screening Instrument for Borderline Personality Disorder (MSI-BPD) to assess the severity of BPD symptoms. Results Both symptoms of BPD and depression were associated with exceeding ToM in separate regressions. Using a stepwise regression, only the association of depression severity with exceeding ToM was reliable. Patients with BPD and MOPD did not differ in exceeding ToM. Age was most reliably associated with ToM. Conclusion The results imply that exceeding ToM is associated with general psychopathology instead of BPD-symptoms in specific. Patients with MOPD show deficits similar to BPD patients.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2051-6673
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1186/s40479-023-00224-1
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2766243-3
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Gender effects on outcomes of psychosomatic rehabilitation are reduced
    Public Library of Science (PLoS) ; 2021
    In:  PLOS ONE Vol. 16, No. 8 ( 2021-8-27), p. e0256916-
    Details
    In: PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science (PLoS), Vol. 16, No. 8 ( 2021-8-27), p. e0256916-
    Abstract: The study examined whether psychiatric/psychosomatic rehabilitation continues to have a better course of treatment for women than men. Methods We compared the course of global symptom severity, health-related quality of life and functioning between admission and discharge in patients (848 men, 1412 women) at an Austrian psychiatric/psychosomatic rehabilitation clinic. Results Gender-specific differences in the course of treatment were all too small to be clinically relevant. The differences were smallest in the middle-aged cohort. However, at the time of admission, women reported a slightly higher symptom burden. Conclusion Overall, the results show a gender-fair effectiveness of the rehabilitation. The new findings could be explained by changes in living conditions, gender roles, or better treatment methods.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1932-6203
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
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    URL: Article
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    URL: Article
    URL: Article
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    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0256916
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0256916.t001
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0256916.t002
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0256916.t003
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0256916.t004
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0256916.s001
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0256916.s002
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0256916.r001
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0256916.r002
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0256916.r003
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0256916.r004
    Language: English
    Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2267670-3
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    A density explanation of valence asymmetries in recognition memory
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2015
    In:  Memory & Cognition Vol. 43, No. 6 ( 2015-8), p. 896-909
    Details
    In: Memory & Cognition, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 43, No. 6 ( 2015-8), p. 896-909
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0090-502X , 1532-5946
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3758/s13421-015-0515-5
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2015
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2042908-3
    SSG: 5,2
    SSG: 7,11
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The challenges of developing an instrument to assess health provider motivation at primary care level in rural Burkina Faso, Ghana and Tanzania
    Informa UK Limited ; 2012
    In:  Global Health Action Vol. 5, No. 1 ( 2012-12), p. 19120-
    Details
    In: Global Health Action, Informa UK Limited, Vol. 5, No. 1 ( 2012-12), p. 19120-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1654-9716 , 1654-9880
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3402/gha.v5i0.19120
    Language: English
    Publisher: Informa UK Limited
    Publication Date: 2012
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2540569-X
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  • 8
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    Online Resource
    Why Psychology Needs to Stop Striving for Novelty and How to Move Towards Theory-Driven Research
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2021
    In:  Frontiers in Psychology Vol. 12 ( 2021-1-28)
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Psychology, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 12 ( 2021-1-28)
    Abstract: Psychological science is maturing and therefore transitioning from explorative to theory-driven research. While explorative research seeks to find something “new,” theory-driven research seeks to elaborate on already known and hence predictable effects. A consequence of these differences is that the quality of explorative and theory-driven research needs to be judged by distinct criterions that optimally support their respective development. Especially, theory-driven research needs to be judged by its methodological rigor. A focus on innovativeness, which is typical for explorative research, will instead incentivize bad research practices (e.g., imprecise theorizing, ignoring previous research, parallel theories). To support the advancement of psychology, we must drop the innovation requirement for theory-driven research and instead require the strongest methods, which are marked by high internal and external validity. Precise theorizing needs to substitute novelty. Theories are advanced by requiring explicit, testable assumptions, and an explicit preference for one theory over another. These explicit and potentially wrong assumptions should not be silenced within the peer-review process, but instead be scrutinized in new publications. Importantly, these changes in scientific conduct need to be supported by senior researchers, especially, in their roles as editors, reviewers, and in the hiring process. An important obstacle to further theory-driven research is to measure scientific merit using researchers’ number of publications, which favors theoretically shallow and imprecise writing. Additionally, it makes publications the central target of scientific misconduct even though they are the main source of information for the scientific community and the public. To advance the field, researchers should be judged by their contribution to the scientific community (e.g., exchange with and support of colleagues, and mentoring). Another step to advance psychology is to clearly differentiate between measurement model and theory, and not to overgeneralize based on few stimuli, incidences, or studies. We will use ideas from the theory of science to underline the changes necessary within the field of psychology to overcome this existential replication crisis.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1664-1078
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.609802
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2563826-9
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  • 9
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    Online Resource
    Editorial: Misunderstanding Others: Theory of Mind in Psychological Disorders
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2022
    In:  Frontiers in Psychology Vol. 13 ( 2022-2-7)
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Psychology, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 13 ( 2022-2-7)
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1664-1078
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.838853
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2563826-9
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  • 10
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    Online Resource
    Data_Sheet_1.pdf
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2021
    In:  Frontiers in Psychology Vol. 12 ( 2021-9-16)
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Psychology, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 12 ( 2021-9-16)
    Abstract: Indecisiveness, the subjective inability to make satisfying decisions, is an individual difference trait that may impede effective actions. Mechanisms underlying indecisiveness are largely unknown. In four studies, we tested the prediction that indicators of evaluation difficulty were associated with indecisiveness in simple evaluations. Across studies, indecisiveness was measured via self-report while evaluation difficulties were derived behaviorally from three indicators: difficulty distinguishing between similar evaluation objects (i.e., standard deviation of evaluation ratings), evaluation duration (reaction times), and implicit evaluations (evaluative priming effect) using familiar everyday objects. Study 1 ( N = 151) was based on attractiveness evaluations of portraits. Studies 2a ( N = 201) and 2b ( N = 211) used chocolate as evaluation objects and manipulated to what extent the evaluations were equivalent to a decision. In Study 3 ( N = 80) evaluations were measured implicitly through evaluative priming using food pictures. Contrary to our predictions, indecisiveness showed no reliable association to any indicator of evaluation difficulty, regardless of type of evaluation object, equivalence of evaluation and decision, and whether evaluation difficulty was based on explicit or implicit evaluations. All null findings were supported by Bayes factors. These counterintuitive results are a first step toward investigating evaluation processes as potential mechanisms underlying indecisiveness, showing that for both explicit and implicit measurements, indecisiveness is not characterized by difficulties when evaluating familiar everyday objects.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1664-1078
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.710880
    DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.710880.s001
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2563826-9
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