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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Meta-analysis of individual-patient data from EVAR-1, DREAM, OVER and ACE trials comparing outcomes of endovascular or open repair for abdominal aortic aneurysm over 5 years
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2017
    In:  British Journal of Surgery Vol. 104, No. 3 ( 2017-02-03), p. 166-178
    Details
    In: British Journal of Surgery, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 104, No. 3 ( 2017-02-03), p. 166-178
    Abstract: The erosion of the early mortality advantage of elective endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) compared with open repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm remains without a satisfactory explanation. Methods An individual-patient data meta-analysis of four multicentre randomized trials of EVARversus open repair was conducted to a prespecified analysis plan, reporting on mortality, aneurysm-related mortality and reintervention. Results The analysis included 2783 patients, with 14 245 person-years of follow-up (median 5·5 years). Early (0–6 months after randomization) mortality was lower in the EVAR groups (46 of 1393 versus 73 of 1390 deaths; pooled hazard ratio 0·61, 95 per cent c.i. 0·42 to 0·89; P = 0·010), primarily because 30-day operative mortality was lower in the EVAR groups (16 deaths versus 40 for open repair; pooled odds ratio 0·40, 95 per cent c.i. 0·22 to 0·74). Later (within 3 years) the survival curves converged, remaining converged to 8 years. Beyond 3 years, aneurysm-related mortality was significantly higher in the EVAR groups (19 deaths versus 3 for open repair; pooled hazard ratio 5·16, 1·49 to 17·89; P = 0·010). Patients with moderate renal dysfunction or previous coronary artery disease had no early survival advantage under EVAR. Those with peripheral artery disease had lower mortality under open repair (39 deaths versus 62 for EVAR; P = 0·022) in the period from 6 months to 4 years after randomization. Conclusion The early survival advantage in the EVAR group, and its subsequent erosion, were confirmed. Over 5 years, patients of marginal fitness had no early survival advantage from EVAR compared with open repair. Aneurysm-related mortality and patients with low ankle : brachial pressure index contributed to the erosion of the early survival advantage for the EVAR group. Trial registration numbers: EVAR-1, ISRCTN55703451; DREAM (Dutch Randomized Endovascular Aneurysm Management), NCT00421330; ACE (Anévrysme de l'aorte abdominale, Chirurgie versus Endoprothèse), NCT00224718; OVER (Open Versus Endovascular Repair Trial for Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms), NCT00094575.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0007-1323 , 1365-2168
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/bjs.10430
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2006309-X
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Precursor-free eruption triggered by edifice rupture at Nyiragongo volcano
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2022
    In:  Nature Vol. 609, No. 7925 ( 2022-09-01), p. 83-88
    Details
    In: Nature, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 609, No. 7925 ( 2022-09-01), p. 83-88
    Abstract: Classical mechanisms of volcanic eruptions mostly involve pressure buildup and magma ascent towards the surface 1 . Such processes produce geophysical and geochemical signals that may be detected and interpreted as eruption precursors 1–3 . On 22 May 2021, Mount Nyiragongo (Democratic Republic of the Congo), an open-vent volcano with a persistent lava lake perched within its summit crater, shook up this interpretation by producing an approximately six-hour-long flank eruption without apparent precursors, followed—rather than preceded—by lateral magma motion into the crust. Here we show that this reversed sequence was most likely initiated by a rupture of the edifice, producing deadly lava flows and triggering a voluminous 25-km-long dyke intrusion. The dyke propagated southwards at very shallow depth (less than 500 m) underneath the cities of Goma (Democratic Republic of the Congo) and Gisenyi (Rwanda), as well as Lake Kivu. This volcanic crisis raises new questions about the mechanisms controlling such eruptions and the possibility of facing substantially more hazardous events, such as effusions within densely urbanized areas, phreato-magmatism or a limnic eruption from the gas-rich Lake Kivu. It also more generally highlights the challenges faced with open-vent volcanoes for monitoring, early detection and risk management when a significant volume of magma is stored close to the surface.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0028-0836 , 1476-4687
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05047-8
    RVK:
    TA 1000
    RVK:
    UA 1000
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 120714-3
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1413423-8
    SSG: 11
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  • 3
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    Online Resource
    ERS statement on chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension
    Scientific and Practical Reviewed Journal Pulmonology ; 2022
    In:  PULMONOLOGIYA Vol. 32, No. 1 ( 2022-02-18), p. 13-52
    Details
    In: PULMONOLOGIYA, Scientific and Practical Reviewed Journal Pulmonology, Vol. 32, No. 1 ( 2022-02-18), p. 13-52
    Abstract: Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) is a rare complication of acute pulmonary embolism, either symptomatic or not. The occlusion of proximal pulmonary arteries by fibrotic intravascular material, in combination with a secondary microvasculopathy of vessels 〈 500 μm, leads to increased pulmonary vascular resistance and progressive right heart failure. The mechanism responsible for the transformation of red clots into fibrotic material remnants has not yet been elucidated. In patients with pulmonary hypertension, the diagnosis is suspected when a ventilation/ perfusion lung scan shows mismatched perfusion defects, and confirmed by right heart catheterisation and vascular imaging. Today, in addition to lifelong anticoagulation, treatment modalities include surgery, angioplasty and medical treatment according to the localisation and characteristics of the lesions. This statement outlines a review of the literature and current practice concerning diagnosis and management of CTEPH. It covers the definitions, diagnosis, epidemiology, follow-up after acute pulmonary embolism, pathophysiology, treatment by pulmonary endarterectomy, balloon pulmonary angioplasty, drugs and their combination, rehabilitation and new lines of research in CTEPH. It represents the first collaboration of the European Respiratory Society, the International CTEPH Association and the European Reference Network-Lung in the pulmonary hypertension domain. The statement summarises current knowledge, but does not make formal recommendations for clinical practice.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2541-9617 , 0869-0189
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.18093/0869-0189-2022-32-1-13-52
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Scientific and Practical Reviewed Journal Pulmonology
    Publication Date: 2022
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Evaluation of tropospheric SO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 retrieved from MAX-DOAS measurements in Xianghe, China
    Copernicus GmbH ; 2014
    In:  Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Vol. 14, No. 20 ( 2014-10-23), p. 11149-11164
    Details
    In: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Copernicus GmbH, Vol. 14, No. 20 ( 2014-10-23), p. 11149-11164
    Abstract: Abstract. Ground-based multi-axis differential optical absorption spectroscopy (MAX-DOAS) measurements of sulfur dioxide (SO2) have been performed at the Xianghe station (39.8° N, 117.0° E) located at ~ 50 km southeast of Beijing from March 2010 to February 2013. Tropospheric SO2 vertical profiles and corresponding vertical column densities (VCDs), retrieved by applying the optimal estimation method to the MAX-DOAS observations, have been used to study the seasonal and diurnal cycles of SO2, in combination with correlative measurements from in situ instruments, as well as meteorological data. A marked seasonality was observed in both SO2 VCD and surface concentration, with a maximum in winter (February) and a minimum in summer (July). This can be explained by the larger emissions in winter due to the domestic heating and, in case of surface concentration, by more favorable meteorological conditions for the accumulation of SO2 close to the ground during this period. Wind speed and direction are also found to be two key factors in controlling the level of the SO2-related pollution at Xianghe. In the case of east or southwest wind, the SO2 concentration does not change significantly with the wind speed, since the city of Tangshan and heavy polluting industries are located to the east and southwest of the station, respectively. In contrast, when wind comes from other directions, the stronger the wind, the less SO2 is observed due to a more effective dispersion. Regarding the diurnal cycle, the SO2 amount is larger in the early morning and late evening and lower at noon, in line with the diurnal variation of pollutant emissions and atmospheric stability. A strong correlation with correlation coefficients between 0.6 and 0.9 is also found between SO2 and aerosols in winter, suggesting that anthropogenic SO2, through the formation of sulfate aerosols, contributes significantly to the total aerosol content during this season. The observed diurnal cycles of MAX-DOAS SO2 surface concentration are also in very good agreement (correlation coefficient close to 0.9) with those from collocated in situ data, indicating the good reliability and robustness of our retrieval.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1680-7324
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.5194/acp-14-11149-2014
    Language: English
    Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
    Publication Date: 2014
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2092549-9
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2069847-1
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    A multi-site intercomparison of integrated water vapour observations for climate change analysis
    Copernicus GmbH ; 2014
    In:  Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Vol. 7, No. 8 ( 2014-08-13), p. 2487-2512
    Details
    In: Atmospheric Measurement Techniques, Copernicus GmbH, Vol. 7, No. 8 ( 2014-08-13), p. 2487-2512
    Abstract: Abstract. Water vapour plays a dominant role in the climate change debate. However, observing water vapour over a climatological time period in a consistent and homogeneous manner is challenging. On one hand, networks of ground-based instruments able to retrieve homogeneous integrated water vapour (IWV) data sets are being set up. Typical examples are Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) observation networks such as the International GNSS Service (IGS), with continuous GPS (Global Positioning System) observations spanning over the last 15+ years, and the AErosol RObotic NETwork (AERONET), providing long-term observations performed with standardized and well-calibrated sun photometers. On the other hand, satellite-based measurements of IWV already have a time span of over 10 years (e.g. AIRS) or are being merged to create long-term time series (e.g. GOME, SCIAMACHY, and GOME-2). This study performs an intercomparison of IWV measurements from satellite devices (in the visible, GOME/SCIAMACHY/GOME-2, and in the thermal infrared, AIRS), in situ measurements (radiosondes) and ground-based instruments (GPS, sun photometer), to assess their use in water vapour trends analysis. To this end, we selected 28 sites world-wide for which GPS observations can directly be compared with coincident satellite IWV observations, together with sun photometer and/or radiosonde measurements. The mean biases of the different techniques compared to the GPS estimates vary only between −0.3 to 0.5 mm of IWV. Nevertheless these small biases are accompanied by large standard deviations (SD), especially for the satellite instruments. In particular, we analysed the impact of clouds on the IWV agreement. The influence of specific issues for each instrument on the intercomparison is also investigated (e.g. the distance between the satellite ground pixel centre and the co-located ground-based station, the satellite scan angle, daytime/nighttime differences). Furthermore, we checked if the properties of the IWV scatter plots between these different instruments are dependent on the geography and/or altitude of the station. For all considered instruments, the only dependency clearly detected is with latitude: the SD of the IWV observations with respect to the GPS IWV retrievals decreases with increasing latitude and decreasing mean IWV.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1867-8548
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.5194/amt-7-2487-2014
    Language: English
    Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
    Publication Date: 2014
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2505596-3
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  • 6
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    Online Resource
    Sulfur dioxide vertical column DOAS retrievals from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument: Global observations and comparison to ground‐based and satellite data
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 2015
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres Vol. 120, No. 6 ( 2015-03-27), p. 2470-2491
    Details
    In: Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 120, No. 6 ( 2015-03-27), p. 2470-2491
    Abstract: Development of OMI SO 2 vertical column algorithm Results are compared to ground‐based and satellite data sets The algorithm is able to detect weak SO 2 sources
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2169-897X , 2169-8996
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/jgrd.v120.6
    DOI: 10.1002/2014JD022657
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 2015
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 710256-2
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2016800-7
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2969341-X
    SSG: 16,13
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    In-plane Littrow lasing of broad photonic crystal waveguides
    AIP Publishing ; 2007
    In:  Applied Physics Letters Vol. 91, No. 4 ( 2007-07-23)
    Details
    In: Applied Physics Letters, AIP Publishing, Vol. 91, No. 4 ( 2007-07-23)
    Abstract: Broad photonic crystal waveguides forming open resonators are shown to support an hitherto unnoticed lasing pattern. The feedback for lasing originates in Littrow-type reflections of higher-order modes from the waveguide boundaries. The authors employ plane wave and finite-difference time-domain simulations of bulk crystal and waveguide to substantiate the concept of a distributed Littrow reflector. Experimental results are reported for a 10-μm-wide photonic crystal waveguide deeply etched into InP substrate. In-plane lasing and low modal threshold gain due to longer path lengths are the key features of this resonator.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0003-6951 , 1077-3118
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1063/1.2763977
    RVK:
    UA 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: AIP Publishing
    Publication Date: 2007
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 211245-0
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1469436-0
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Complete analysis of the Na3+ fragmentation in collision with He atoms
    Elsevier BV ; 1999
    In:  Chemical Physics Letters Vol. 306, No. 5-6 ( 1999-06), p. 233-238
    Details
    In: Chemical Physics Letters, Elsevier BV, Vol. 306, No. 5-6 ( 1999-06), p. 233-238
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0009-2614
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/S0009-2614(99)00448-0
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 1999
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1466293-0
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  • 9
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    Online Resource
    Quantum dot SOA input power
dynamic range improvement for
differential-phase encoded signals
    Optica Publishing Group ; 2010
    In:  Optics Express Vol. 18, No. 6 ( 2010-03-15), p. 6270-
    Details
    In: Optics Express, Optica Publishing Group, Vol. 18, No. 6 ( 2010-03-15), p. 6270-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1094-4087
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1364/OE.18.006270
    Language: English
    Publisher: Optica Publishing Group
    Publication Date: 2010
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1491859-6
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  • 10
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    A GPS network for tropospheric tomography in the framework of the Mediterranean hydrometeorological observatory Cévennes-Vivarais (southeastern France)
    Copernicus GmbH ; 2014
    In:  Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Vol. 7, No. 2 ( 2014-02-19), p. 553-578
    Details
    In: Atmospheric Measurement Techniques, Copernicus GmbH, Vol. 7, No. 2 ( 2014-02-19), p. 553-578
    Abstract: Abstract. The Mediterranean hydrometeorological observatory Cévennes-Vivarais (OHM-CV) coordinates hydrometeorological observations (radars, rain gauges, water level stations) on a regional scale in southeastern France. In the framework of OHM-CV, temporary GPS measurements have been carried out for 2 months in autumn 2002, when the heaviest rainfall are expected. These measurements increase the spatial density of the existing permanent GPS network, by adding three more receivers between the Mediterranean coast and the Cévennes-Vivarais range to monitor maritime source of water vapour flow feeding the precipitating systems over the Cévennes-Vivarais region. In addition, a local network of 18 receivers covered an area of 30 by 30 km within the field of view of the meteorological radar. These regional and local networks of permanent and temporary stations are used to monitor the precipitable water vapour (PWV) with high temporal resolution (15 min). Also, the dense local network provided data which have been inverted using tomographic techniques to obtain the 3-D field of tropospheric water vapour content. This study presents methodological tests for retrieving GPS tropospheric observations from dense networks, with the aim of assessing the uncertainties of GPS retrievals. Using optimal tropospheric GPS retrieval methods, high resolution measurements of PWV on a local scale (a few kilometres) are discussed for rain events. Finally, the results of 3-D fields of water vapour densities from GPS tomography are analysed with respect to precipitation fields derived from a meteorological radar, showing a good correlation between precipitation and water vapour depletion areas.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1867-8548
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.5194/amt-7-553-2014
    Language: English
    Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
    Publication Date: 2014
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2505596-3
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