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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    SAGE Publications ; 2012
    In:  The Holocene Vol. 22, No. 12 ( 2012-12), p. 1427-1439
    In: The Holocene, SAGE Publications, Vol. 22, No. 12 ( 2012-12), p. 1427-1439
    Abstract: Grassland and savanna are globally important ecosystems, both ecologically and economically. These grass-dominated systems are at risk from current and future climate change and increasing anthropogenic impact. Key questions for understanding the resilience and variability of grass-dominated ecosystems under current and future environmental conditions include: How have these systems responded to climate change and disturbance in the past? What are the principal driving agents responsible for their present-day composition and distribution? Do the palaeoecological data provide evidence for feedbacks between climate, fire and anthropogenic activities? In this study, the temporal dynamics of grassland, savanna and forest in the summer rainfall region of northern South Africa were reconstructed for the last ~6500 years. Palaeoecological techniques used include analyses of fossil pollen, charcoal and stable isotopes. Data from two sites located at the present-day grassland-savanna ecotone in Mpumalanga province of South Africa are reported. Results indicate that a mosaic of grassland, savanna and Podocarpus forest occupied the landscape throughout the late Holocene, with grassland and forest dominating higher altitudes, and savanna and forest lower altitudes. Podocarpus forest retreated and grass-dominated vegetation expanded its range around 1800 cal. yr BP at the lower altitude site (Lowveld) and 600 cal. yr BP at the higher altitude site (Highveld), representing a change from a stable state forest savanna/grassland mosaic to an increasingly grass-dominated system. Climatic stress, changes in fire regime and anthropogenic impact led to the vegetation transitions recorded, and resulted in changes in water and nutrient cycles. In an increasingly warm world, with fluctuating water availability and heightened anthropogenic use of natural resources, the future of grass-dominated ecosystems appears far from stable.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0959-6836 , 1477-0911
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2012
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2018
    In:  Biodiversity and Conservation Vol. 27, No. 6 ( 2018-5), p. 1347-1386
    In: Biodiversity and Conservation, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 27, No. 6 ( 2018-5), p. 1347-1386
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0960-3115 , 1572-9710
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2000787-5
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 23
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2019
    In:  Biologia Vol. 74, No. 12 ( 2019-12), p. 1621-1625
    In: Biologia, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 74, No. 12 ( 2019-12), p. 1621-1625
    Abstract: In high latitude and alpine environments many plants show an increase in viviparous reproduction in response to harsh environmental conditions. Low or no seed set means that ex situ conservation in the form of seed banking is not a conservation option for such species. We investigated the potential for bulbils to be stored ex situ in seed banks using traditional storage methods (drying and freezing at −20 °C) and cryopreservation (drying and freezing at −180 °C) as a means of ensuring the long-term conservation of such species. In addition, the impact of drying bulbils to 15% eRH or maintaining initial humidity (60% eRH) was investigated. The study was based on bulbils of the drooping or nodding saxifrage ( Saxifraga cernua ) collected in Bellalui (commune d’Icogne, Switzerland) at an altitude of 2200 m.a.s.l. Our findings suggest that conservation under traditional seed banking methods or by cryopreservation is a viable option for species producing small ( 〈 2 mm) bulbils. This provides new hope for conserving high altitude or latitude plants producing bulbils.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0006-3088 , 1336-9563
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2252542-7
    SSG: 12
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  • 4
    In: Journal of Vegetation Science, Wiley, Vol. 30, No. 3 ( 2019-05), p. 575-586
    Abstract: The existence of monodominant forest in highly diverse tropical rainforest has been the subject of much debate. One hypothesis suggests that the combination of advantageous traits and long periods of low disturbance is key for this forest's persistence. Here we ask whether there is evidence for the long‐term presence of monodominant Gilbertiodendron forest in the absence of fire and climate change. Location Republic of Congo. Methods We extracted fossil pollen and macro‐charcoal from a sediment sequence collected in present‐day monodominant Gilbertiodendron forest stand that spans the last 2,700 years. Climatic changes were inferred using other published palaeoecological records from Central Africa. We also looked at Gilbertiodendron dewevrei 's present‐day ecological tolerances. Results Gilbertiodendron pollen was found in every sample covering the last 2,700 years in similar percentages to present‐day soil surface samples. In addition, no statistically significant change in pollen composition was found during this time despite vegetation changes being documented in nearby mixed and swamp forest cores over the same time period. No evidence of fire was found for a period of 2,400 years. Only minimal burning occurred over the last 300 years in this monodominant stand. The analysis of ecological tolerances shows G. dewevrei has a broad niche for precipitation (1,300–2,460 mm). Conclusions Our pollen record is the first to describe the long‐term ecological history of an African monodominant forest. Our results show this monodominant stand existed over the past 2,700 years mostly in the absence of fire, providing support for the low disturbance hypothesis as an explanation for monodominance persistence. However, we show that the monodominant forest was continuous, at this site, despite climatic fluctuations in the immediate region. This combined with the broad tolerance of water requirements of the species suggests a potential resilience to future climate variability. However, additional pollen records from a wider area are needed to confirm this.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1100-9233 , 1654-1103
    URL: Issue
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2019
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    SSG: 12
    SSG: 23
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  • 5
    In: Global Change Biology, Wiley, Vol. 27, No. 7 ( 2021-04), p. 1328-1348
    Abstract: Urgent solutions to global climate change are needed. Ambitious tree‐planting initiatives, many already underway, aim to sequester enormous quantities of carbon to partly compensate for anthropogenic CO 2 emissions, which are a major cause of rising global temperatures. However, tree planting that is poorly planned and executed could actually increase CO 2 emissions and have long‐term, deleterious impacts on biodiversity, landscapes and livelihoods. Here, we highlight the main environmental risks of large‐scale tree planting and propose 10 golden rules, based on some of the most recent ecological research, to implement forest ecosystem restoration that maximizes rates of both carbon sequestration and biodiversity recovery while improving livelihoods. These are as follows: (1) Protect existing forest first; (2) Work together (involving all stakeholders); (3) Aim to maximize biodiversity recovery to meet multiple goals; (4) Select appropriate areas for restoration; (5) Use natural regeneration wherever possible; (6) Select species to maximize biodiversity; (7) Use resilient plant material (with appropriate genetic variability and provenance); (8) Plan ahead for infrastructure, capacity and seed supply; (9) Learn by doing (using an adaptive management approach); and (10) Make it pay (ensuring the economic sustainability of the project). We focus on the design of long‐term strategies to tackle the climate and biodiversity crises and support livelihood needs. We emphasize the role of local communities as sources of indigenous knowledge, and the benefits they could derive from successful reforestation that restores ecosystem functioning and delivers a diverse range of forest products and services. While there is no simple and universal recipe for forest restoration, it is crucial to build upon the currently growing public and private interest in this topic, to ensure interventions provide effective, long‐term carbon sinks and maximize benefits for biodiversity and people.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1354-1013 , 1365-2486
    URL: Issue
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2020313-5
    SSG: 12
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  • 6
    In: PLANTS, PEOPLE, PLANET, Wiley
    Abstract: Inimkond ägab nii kliima‐ kui ka elurikkuse kriiside all. Selles artiklis pakume välja kaubeldava süsiniku ja elurikkuse kooskrediteerimise skeemi, kus eri organismirühmade (selgrootud loomad, seened, bakterid, protistid, taimed) kaalutud liigirikkus mullaproovides on peamine elurikkuse näitaja. Molekulaarsete meetodite abil läbiviidud mulla DNA uuringud koos video ja akustilise materjaliga võimaldavad kulutõhusalt hinnata kogu ökosüsteemi elurikkust. Siin väljapakutud kooskrediteerimise põhimõte võimaldab tõhustada süsinikuprojekte ja rahastada looduskaitset.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2572-2611 , 2572-2611
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2934377-X
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  • 7
    In: PLANTS, PEOPLE, PLANET, Wiley, Vol. 2, No. 5 ( 2020-09), p. 515-534
    Abstract: The United Nations' Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 17 calls for “strong global partnerships and cooperation” to support the other SDGs. The collections‐based science community offers many examples of conservation of plant and fungal biodiversity, sharing, repatriation and aggregation of data, access to new technologies, supply of plant and fungal material, strengthening capacity of practitioners, and benefit sharing with the providers of biodiversity and genetic resources. Collaboration framed by workable multilateral treaties will increase our understanding of plant and fungal diversity, help halt biodiversity loss, and accelerate our sustainable use of plants and fungi and the exploration of their useful traits. Summary Collections‐based institutes are at the forefront of generating knowledge and understanding of plant and fungal biodiversity. Through the analysis of occurrence data, the use of modern technologies to better understand the evolutionary relationships between species and documentation of their useful properties, the work of collections‐based institutes provides good models for conservation; addressing species loss and improving sustainable use of plants and fungi. Nevertheless, the pressure on the planet's plant and fungal diversity is relentless. We argue that a massive increase in the accessibility of preserved and living collections of plants and fungi is required. An increased scale of responsible exploration to both conserve and unlock the useful properties of plants and fungi is needed to deliver solutions to the many global challenges facing humanity and the planet. This article explores the role of collaborations between collections‐based institutes and their partners in preventing biodiversity loss and delivering sustainable development. Drawing on examples from herbaria, agricultural and wild species genebanks, mycological collections, an international NGO, and the botanic garden community, we demonstrate how collaboration improves efficiency and impact. Collaborations can be peer to peer, institutional, governmental, national, or international, they may involve work with local communities and are frequently a combination of these. We suggest the five key benefits to collaboration and show that with trust, understanding, and mutual respect, powerful and sustainable partnerships develop. Such trust and respect are hard won, but once established, sustain a high level of commitment, enable development of shared long‐term visions of success, and attract diverse funding streams.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2572-2611 , 2572-2611
    URL: Issue
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2934377-X
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Elsevier BV ; 2019
    In:  Biological Conservation Vol. 234 ( 2019-06), p. 221-240
    In: Biological Conservation, Elsevier BV, Vol. 234 ( 2019-06), p. 221-240
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0006-3207
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1496231-7
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 23
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Elsevier BV ; 2022
    In:  Current Opinion in Plant Biology Vol. 66 ( 2022-04), p. 102169-
    In: Current Opinion in Plant Biology, Elsevier BV, Vol. 66 ( 2022-04), p. 102169-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1369-5266
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019227-7
    SSG: 12
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  • 10
    In: Plants, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 11 ( 2021-11-03), p. 2371-
    Abstract: There is a pressing need to conserve plant diversity to prevent extinctions and to enable sustainable use of plant material by current and future generations. Here, we review the contribution that living collections and seed banks based in botanic gardens around the world make to wild plant conservation and to tackling global challenges. We focus in particular on the work of Botanic Gardens Conservation International and the Millennium Seed Bank of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, with its associated global Partnership. The advantages and limitations of conservation of plant diversity as both living material and seed collections are reviewed, and the need for additional research and conservation measures, such as cryopreservation, to enable the long-term conservation of ‘exceptional species’ is discussed. We highlight the importance of networks and sharing access to data and plant material. The skill sets found within botanic gardens and seed banks complement each other and enable the development of integrated conservation (linking in situ and ex situ efforts). Using a number of case studies we demonstrate how botanic gardens and seed banks support integrated conservation and research for agriculture and food security, restoration and reforestation, as well as supporting local livelihoods.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2223-7747
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704341-1
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