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  • 1
    In: Cancer Research, American Association for Cancer Research (AACR), Vol. 71, No. 8_Supplement ( 2011-04-15), p. 1289-1289
    Abstract: Background: GSK1120212 is a reversible, highly selective allosteric inhibitor of MEK1/MEK2. MEK111054, a first-time-in human study (FTIH) is an open-label, multiple-dose, dose escalation trial designed to investigate the safety, PK and pharmacodynamics (PD) of GSK1120212 in patients with solid tumors or lymphoma. A population PK model of GSK1120212 was developed and validated from the dose-escalation part of the FTIH trial. Materials and Methods: GSK1120212 single (0.125-10 mg) and repeat (0.125-4 mg) dose plasma concentrations were obtained from MEK111054 that utilized both continuous and loading dose regimens with daily administration of GSK1120212. Plasma GSK1120212 concentrations were determined using a validated analytical method based on liquid-liquid extraction, followed by HPLC-MS/MS analysis. Population PK analysis was performed on 1373 plasma samples from 55 patients ranging in ages from 35 to 77 years. Population PK analysis was performed using a nonlinear mixed effects modeling method (NONMEM, v. 7.1.0). Concentrations were transformed into the log domain and the residual variability was described by an additive error model. The influence of covariates such as gender, age, weight and BMI on PK parameter estimates was assessed. The final model was validated using a visual predictive check (VPC) of the simulated (n=1000) and observed data. Results: Plasma concentration-time data for GSK1120212 were best described by a two-compartment model with first-order absorption and elimination. The final model also incorporated two sequential absorption rates (KA1 and KA2) with a change point (MTIME) estimated at 0.41 hours post-dose. Final model population mean (%CV) parameter estimates for clearance (CL/F), volume of the central compartment (V2/F), volume of the peripheral compartment (V3/F), and intercompartmental clearance (Q/F) were 6.76 L/hr (7%), 125 L (18%), 746 L (11%), and 114 L, respectively. Interindividual variability ranged from 43 to 88%, interoccassion variability ranged from 8-74%, and the residual variability was 13 ng/mL. Covariates did not influence the pharmacokinetics of GSK1120212. VPC supported the validity of the model and was a good predictor of observed single and repeat dose data in the current study. Conclusion: The population PK model of GSK1120212 in patients with solid tumors or lymphoma provided a description of PK and an understanding of its variability which aided dose selection decisions. Once daily dosing without a loading dose was selected for future studies in order to maintain concentrations above the preclinical antiproliferation IC90. The established population PK model will aid in the development of future population PK/PD assessments with both tumor response and adverse event data. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1289. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-1289
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0008-5472 , 1538-7445
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    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
    Publication Date: 2011
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  • 2
    In: The AAPS Journal, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 9, No. 2 ( 2007-6), p. E208-E218
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1550-7416
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2007
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  • 3
    In: The Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, Wiley, Vol. 39, No. 8 ( 1999-08), p. 855-865
    Abstract: The potential for nonprescription cimetidine (200 mg twice daily) to affect the pharmacokinetics of sustained‐release (SR) theophylline was assessed in 26 male subjects, 13 smokers and 13 nonsmokers. This was a concentration‐controlled drug interaction study in which the subjects were administered a dose of SR theophylline every 12 hours to provide a mean steady‐state concentration between 8 and 15 μg/ml. To determine individual theophylline dose, a test dose of aminophylline was administered, and baseline theophylline pharmacokinetics were determined. Subjects remained on SR theophylline for 23 days and were treated in the following sequence: run‐in phase (4 days), treatment 1 (7 days), washout (5 days), and treatment 2 (7 days). During the treatment phases, subjects received cimetidine (200 mg at approximately 08:00 and 12:00) or placebo for 7 days in a randomized crossover fashion. Theophylline pharmacokinetics were determined on days 1, 4, and 7 of both treatment phases. A large day‐to‐day variability in the oral clearance of theophylline was evident for the theophylline‐placebo treatment and the theophylline‐cimetidine treatment. Nonprescription strength cimetidine resulted in a mean 5% decrease in theophylline oral clearance on day 1 and a mean 12% decrease on days 4 and 7 combined. There were no significant differences in the cimetidine‐theophylline interaction between smokers and nonsmokers. Oral clearance during the nighttime dosing interval was 13% greater than the daytime oral clearance for nonsmokers and 22% greater for smokers, showing a greater circadian rhythm for smokers. In summary, nonprescription doses of cimetidine (400 mg/day) have the potential to produce small changes in theoophylline concentrations during steady‐state dosing with SR theophylline; however, this effect appears less than changes that occur as a consequence of theophylline's intrasubject variability.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0091-2700 , 1552-4604
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    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 1999
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  • 4
    In: American Journal of Veterinary Research, American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA), Vol. 81, No. 7 ( 2020-07), p. 557-564
    Abstract: To compare the torsional mechanical properties of 2 external skeletal fixators (ESFs) placed with 2 intramedullary pin (IP) and transfixation pin (TP) size combinations in a model of raptor tibiotarsal bone fracture. SAMPLE 24 ESF-synthetic tibiotarsal bone model (polyoxymethylene) constructs. PROCEDURES Synthetic bone models were fabricated with an 8-mm (simulated fracture) gap. Four types of ESF-synthetic bone model constructs (6/group) were tested: a FESSA with a 1.6-mm IP and 1.6-mm TPs, a FESSA with a 2.0-mm IP and 1.1-mm TPs, an acrylic connecting bar with a 1.6-mm IP and 1.6-mm TPs, and an acrylic connecting bar with a 2.0-mm IP and 1.1-mm TPs. Models were rotated in torsion (5°/s) to failure or the machine angle limit (80°). Mechanical variables at yield and at failure were determined from load deformation curves. Effects of overall construct type, connecting bar type, and IP and TP size combination on mechanical properties were assessed with mixed-model ANOVAs. RESULTS Both FESSA constructs had significantly greater median stiffness and median torque at yield than both acrylic bar constructs; FESSA constructs with a 1.6-mm IP and 1.6-mm TPs had greatest stiffness of all tested constructs and lowest gap strain at yield. No FESSA constructs failed during testing; 7 of 12 acrylic bar constructs failed by fracture of the connecting bar at the interface with a TP. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Although acrylic bar ESFs have been successfully used in avian patients, the FESSA constructs in this study were mechanically superior to acrylic bar constructs, with greatest benefit resulting from use with the larger TP configuration.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0002-9645
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)
    Publication Date: 2020
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Elsevier BV ; 2004
    In:  The American Journal of Cardiology Vol. 93, No. 11 ( 2004-06), p. 1378-1383
    In: The American Journal of Cardiology, Elsevier BV, Vol. 93, No. 11 ( 2004-06), p. 1378-1383
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0002-9149
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    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2004
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  • 6
    In: The AAPS Journal, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 9, No. 3 ( 2007-9), p. E326-E327
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1550-7416
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2007
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2170248-2
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 1991
    In:  Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics Vol. 49, No. 4 ( 1991-4), p. 449-456
    In: Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 49, No. 4 ( 1991-4), p. 449-456
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0009-9236 , 1532-6535
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    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 1991
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health) ; 2009
    In:  Blood Coagulation & Fibrinolysis Vol. 20, No. 2 ( 2009-03), p. 114-121
    In: Blood Coagulation & Fibrinolysis, Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health), Vol. 20, No. 2 ( 2009-03), p. 114-121
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0957-5235
    Language: English
    Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
    Publication Date: 2009
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  • 9
    In: The Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, Wiley, Vol. 44, No. 9 ( 2004-09), p. 981-990
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0091-2700
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2004
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  • 10
    In: Annals of Pharmacotherapy, SAGE Publications, Vol. 32, No. 3 ( 1998-03), p. 304-308
    Abstract: To assess the effect of ranitidine on the pharmacokinetics of eprosartan in healthy male volunteers. DESIGN: Single-center, randomized, open-label, two-period, period-balanced, crossover study. PATIENTS: Seventeen healthy men aged 19 to 43 years. INTERVENTION: In each period (separated by a ≥7 d washout), subjects received a single 400-mg oral dose of eprosartan alone, or a single oral dose of eprosartan 400 mg and ranitidine 150 mg on day 4 after 3 days of ranitidine 150 mg twice daily. Serial pharmacokinetic samples were obtained for up to 24 hours following eprosartan dosing. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Plasma and urine eprosartan concentrations during each treatment session. RESULTS: Eprosartan maximum concentration (C max ), the AUC from time zero to the last quantifiable concentration (AUC 0-t ), and renal clearance (Cl r ) values were approximately 7%, 11%, and 4% lower, respectively, when administered with ranitidine compared with eprosartan alone. The 95% CIs for the ratio of eprosartan plus ranitidine compared with eprosartan alone were 0.81 to 1.07, 0.77 to 1.03, and 0.64 to 1.43, for C max , AUC 0-t , and Cl r , respectively, indicating no statistically significant difference between regimens. CONCLUSIONS: Repeated doses of ranitidine did not have a marked effect on the single-dose pharmacokinetics of eprosartan. OBJETIVO: Evaluar el efecto de ranitidina en la farmacocinética de eprosartan en pacientes voluntarios saludables. DISEÑO: Centro sencillo, estudio randomizado, rotulación abierta, dos períodos, período cruzado balanceado. PACIENTES: Díecisiete hombres saludables entre 19 a 43 años. INTERVENCIÓN: En cada período (separado por 7 d o más sín medicamento), los pacientes recibieron una dosis oral de eprosartan 400 mg solamente, o una dosis oral eprosartan 400 mg y ranitidina 150 mg 2 veces al día. Muestras en serie sobre la farmacocinética fueron obtenidas hasta 24 horas después de la dosis de eprosartan. MEDICIÓN DE RESULTADOS: Concentraciones en plasma y orina de eprosartan durante cada período de tratamiento. RESULTADOS: Los valores promedio de concentración máxima (C max ), ABC 0-t , y depuración renal (Cl r ) de eprosartan fueron aproximadamente 7%, 11%, y 4% más bajo, respectivamente, comparado con eprosartan sólo. En intervalos de un 95% de confianza, la razón de eprosartan y ranitidina comparado con eprosartan sólo fueron 0.81 a 1.07, 0.77 a 1.03, y 0.64 a 1.43 para C max , ABC 0-t , y Cl r , respectivamente, indicando que no hay diferencia estadística entre ambos régimenes. CONCLUSIONES: Dosis repetidas de ranitidina no producen un efecto marcado en la farmacocinética de eprosartan en dosis sencillas. OBJECTIF: Évaluer l'effet de la ranitidine sur la pharmacocinétique de l'éprosartan chez des volontaires sains. DEVIS EXPÉRIMENTAL: Étude à échantillonagealéatoire, ouverte, en chassécroisé comprenant deux périodes, et réalisée dans un seul établissement. PATIENTS: Dix-sept hommes sains, âgés entre 19 et 43 ans. INTERVENTION: Dans chaque période (séparée par 7 j de sevrage thérapeutique), les volontaires reçurent soit une dose unique de 400 mg d'éprosartan, ou une dose unique de 400 mg d'éprosartan et 150 mg de ranitidine au jour 4, suivant l'administration de 150 mg de ranitidine aux 12 heures les 3 premiers jours. Plusieurs échantillons pharmacocinétiques furent obtenus durant les 24 heures suivant l'administration d'éprosartan. MESURES DE L'ÉFFET: Concentrations urinaires et plasmatiques d'éprosartan durant chacune des deux périodes de traitement. RÉSULTATS: Quand l'éprosartan fut administré avec la ranitidine, la concentration maximale, la surface sous la courbe, et la clairance rénale d'éprosartan étaient en moyenne approximativement 7%, 11%, et 4% inférieures, respectivement, aux valeurs obtenues avec l'éprosartan administré seul. Aucune différence statistiquement significative n'a été observée entre l'éprosartan administré avec la ranitidine et l'éprosartan seul. Les intervalles de confiance à 95% pour les rapports des valeurs entre les deux groupes sont pour la concentration maximale 0.81 à 1.07, la surface sous la courbe 0.77 à 1.03, et la clairance rénale 0.64 à 1.43. CONCLUSIONS: L'administration de doses répétées de ranitidine n'a pas démontré d'effet marqué sur la pharmacocinétique d'une dose unique d'éprosartan.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1060-0280 , 1542-6270
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 1998
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