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  • 1
    In: Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 98, No. D2 ( 1993-02-20), p. 2927-2939
    Abstract: During the late summer and early fall of 1988, measurements of many trace species of tropospheric photochemical interest, including NO, NO 2 , PAN, HNO 3 , NO 3 − ; NO Y , and ozone were made at seven surface stations in the eastern United States and Canada. The NO Y (as well as ozone) levels and its partitioning were strongly influenced by the diurnal evolution of the boundary layer at the sites that are beneath the nocturnal inversion. At the higher elevation sites the median levels of all species were much more nearly constant. During the daytime the median NO Y levels were 2 to 5 ppbv at all sites, which may be representative of rural areas in the populated regions of eastern North America. Each site showed variations in the NO Y levels of an order of magnitude or more. Measurements from all of the sites are consistent with the major contributors to NO Y being NO X (the sum of NO and NO 2 ), PAN, and nitric acid with a minor contribution from aerosol nitrate. At the lower elevation sites the median [NO X ] to [NO Y ] ratios were 70% or more during the night and declined to minima of 25 to 40% during the day. During the daytime the ranges of the median contributions of PAN and HNO 3 to NO Y were 12 to 25% and approximately 20 to 30%, respectively. The distributions of the contributions about these medians are discussed. Results from all of the sites are consistent with the individually measured species accounting for about 90% of the simultaneously measured NO Y .
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0148-0227
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 1993
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Scientific Societies ; 2009
    In:  Phytopathology® Vol. 99, No. 4 ( 2009-04), p. 328-338
    In: Phytopathology®, Scientific Societies, Vol. 99, No. 4 ( 2009-04), p. 328-338
    Abstract: In summers of 2005 and 2006, rain was collected weekly at over 100 selected National Atmospheric Deposition Program/National Trends Network sites across the soybean-growing region of the central and eastern United States. Rain samples were screened for Phakopsora pachyrhizi (causal agent of soybean rust) DNA using a nested real-time polymerase chain reaction assay. Over this time frame, P. pachyrhizi spores were detected in every state in the study, but more frequently in states along the Gulf and Atlantic coasts and along the Ohio River Valley westward to Kansas. A bimodal temporal distribution of samples testing positive for P. pachyrhizi was found in both years. However, there was a greater than threefold increase in the number of samples testing positive for P. pachyrhizi in 2006 compared with 2005, with the most significant increase in August. There was also an increase in the average number of spores per sample in 2006 relative to 2005. Sequence analysis of a subset of positive samples was used to validate the assay results. From the sequence analysis, two reliable polymorphic regions were found, resulting in six distinct genotypes. One genotype was found in 56% of the samples tested, whereas the other genotypes were found less frequently.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0031-949X , 1943-7684
    Language: English
    Publisher: Scientific Societies
    Publication Date: 2009
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 1995
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres Vol. 100, No. D11 ( 1995-11-20), p. 22821-22830
    In: Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 100, No. D11 ( 1995-11-20), p. 22821-22830
    Abstract: Measurements of ozone and PAN (peroxyacetic nitric anhydride) were made at four sites in eastern North America; Bondville, Illinois, Egbert, Ontario, Scotia, Pennsylvania, and Whitetop Mountain, Virginia., in July and August of 1988 as part of a study of regional oxidant photochemistry. The concentrations of PAN ranged from 〈 0.010 to 9.2 parts‐per‐billion by volume (ppbv) and those of O 3 ranged from 〈 2 to 139 ppbv. Diurnal concentration profiles showed PAN and O 3 to be removed within nocturnal boundary layers, especially if nitric oxide was present, and that O 3 was, for most sites, more rapidly removed than PAN. The only mountain top site at which PAN was measured showed distinctly different diurnal profiles in which O 3 was actually higher at night, suggesting that convective flow driven by surface cooling served to transport air down from higher in the mixed layer at night. The afternoon production of PAN and O 3 was also apparent and led to an overall linear correlation of O 3 and PAN between the hours of 1300 and 1800. The comparison of this result with other measurements, estimates of PAN formation rates, and model calculations indicates that the production of PAN relative to ozone is far greater (x3) than can be accounted for by acetaldehyde reactions with OH, there is a wide disparity in model descriptions of PAN production, and confirms the non‐linear dependence of O 3 production on NO x .
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0148-0227
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 1995
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 1993
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres Vol. 98, No. D2 ( 1993-02-20), p. 2917-2925
    In: Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 98, No. D2 ( 1993-02-20), p. 2917-2925
    Abstract: During the summer of 1988, measurements of photochemical trace species were made at a coordinated network of seven rural sites in the eastern United States and Canada. At six of these sites concurrent measurements of ozone and the sum of the reactive nitrogen species, NO y , were made, and at four of the sites a measure for the reaction products of the NO x oxidation was obtained. Common to all sites, ozone, in photochemically aged air during the summer, shows an increase with increasing NO y levels, from a background value of 30–40 parts per billion by volume (ppbv) at NO y mixing ratios below 1 ppbv to values between 70 to 100 ppbv at NO y levels of 10 ppbv. Ozone correlates even more closely with the products of the NO x oxidation. The correlations from the different sites agree closely at mixing ratios of the oxidation products below 5 ppbv, but systematic differences appear at higher levels. Variations in the biogenic hydrocarbon emissions may explain these differences.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0148-0227
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 1993
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Elsevier BV ; 1996
    In:  Chemical Physics Letters Vol. 248, No. 3-4 ( 1996-01), p. 141-146
    In: Chemical Physics Letters, Elsevier BV, Vol. 248, No. 3-4 ( 1996-01), p. 141-146
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0009-2614
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 1996
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