In:
PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Public Library of Science (PLoS), Vol. 17, No. 5 ( 2023-5-12), p. e0011295-
Abstract:
Despite recognition of histoplasmosis as a disease of national public health concern in Kenya, the burden of Histoplasma capsulatum in the general population remains unknown. This study examined the human seroprevalence of anti- Histoplasma antibody and explored associations between seropositivity and demographic and environmental variables, in Busia county, western Kenya. Methodology Biobanked serum samples and associated data, from a previous cross-sectional survey, were examined. Latex agglutination tests to detect the presence of anti- Histoplasma antibody were performed on serum samples from 670 survey respondents, representing 178 households within 102 sub-locations. Potential epidemiologic risk factors for H . capsulatum exposure were explored using multi-level multivariable logistic regression analysis with household and sub-location included as random effects. Principal findings The apparent sample seroprevalence of anti- Histoplasma antibody was 15.5% ( n = 104/670, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 12.9–18.5%). A multivariable logistic regression model identified increased odds of H . capsulatum seropositivity in respondents reporting rats within the household within the previous 12 months (OR = 2.99 90% CI 1.04–8.55, p = 0.04). Compared to respondents aged 25–34 years, the odds of seropositivity were higher in respondents aged 15–24 years (OR = 2.70 90% CI 1.04–6.97, p = 0.04). Conclusions The seroprevalence result provides a baseline for sample size approximations for future epidemiologic studies of the burden of H . capsulatum exposure in Busia county. The final model explored theoretically plausible risk factors for H . capsulatum exposure in the region. A number of factors may contribute to the complex epidemiological picture impacting H . capsulatum exposure status at the human-animal-environment interface in western Kenya. Focussed H . capsulatum research is warranted to determine the contextual significance of identified associations, and in representative sample populations.
Type of Medium:
Online Resource
ISSN:
1935-2735
DOI:
10.1371/journal.pntd.0011295
DOI:
10.1371/journal.pntd.0011295.g001
DOI:
10.1371/journal.pntd.0011295.g002
DOI:
10.1371/journal.pntd.0011295.t001
DOI:
10.1371/journal.pntd.0011295.t002
DOI:
10.1371/journal.pntd.0011295.t003
DOI:
10.1371/journal.pntd.0011295.t004
DOI:
10.1371/journal.pntd.0011295.s001
DOI:
10.1371/journal.pntd.0011295.s002
DOI:
10.1371/journal.pntd.0011295.s003
DOI:
10.1371/journal.pntd.0011295.s004
DOI:
10.1371/journal.pntd.0011295.s005
DOI:
10.1371/journal.pntd.0011295.s006
DOI:
10.1371/journal.pntd.0011295.s007
DOI:
10.1371/journal.pntd.0011295.s008
DOI:
10.1371/journal.pntd.0011295.r001
DOI:
10.1371/journal.pntd.0011295.r002
DOI:
10.1371/journal.pntd.0011295.r003
DOI:
10.1371/journal.pntd.0011295.r004
Language:
English
Publisher:
Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Publication Date:
2023
detail.hit.zdb_id:
2429704-5
Permalink