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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    FapUNIFESP (SciELO) ; 2015
    In:  Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo Vol. 39, No. 2 ( 2015-04), p. 573-588
    In: Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo, FapUNIFESP (SciELO), Vol. 39, No. 2 ( 2015-04), p. 573-588
    Abstract: A infiltração é a passagem da água por meio da superfície do solo, influenciada pelo tipo de solo e cultivo, pela rugosidade e cobertura superficial e pelo teor de água no solo; ela consome a maior parte da água da chuva e, por isso, é fundamental para o planejamento de práticas conservacionistas de caráter mecânico com o fim de manejar o escoamento superficial. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram determinar a infiltração de água em dois tipos de solo cultivados por meio de diversos tipos de manejo e cultivo, mediante chuvas simuladas com intensidade e duração variadas aplicadas em diferentes épocas, e ajustar o modelo empírico de Horton aos dados de infiltração. Realizou-se este estudo no sul do Brasil, sobre os solos Nitossolo Bruno aluminoférrico húmico e Cambissolo Húmico alumínico léptico, para avaliar as seguintes situações: no Nitossolo, foram realizadas chuvas simuladas entre 2001 e 2012 e avaliados 31 tratamentos, diferentes em termos de tipo de cultura, direção da semeadura, tipo de haste na máquina semeadora, quantidade e tipo de resíduo cultural e quantidade de dejeto líquido de suínos aplicado; no Cambissolo, foram efetuadas chuvas simuladas entre 2006 e 2012 e avaliados 18 tratamentos, diferentes em termos de tipo de cultura, direção da semeadura e tipo resíduo cultural. O valor constante da taxa de infiltração de água no solo variou expressivamente com o tipo de solo, sendo 30,2 mm h-1 no Nitossolo e 6,6 mm h-1 no Cambissolo, independentemente do sistema de manejo, da época de aplicação e da intensidade e duração da chuva. A infiltração de água no solo ao final da chuva modificou expressivamente com o sistema de manejo, com a época de aplicação e com a intensidade e duração da chuva, cujos valores variaram entre 13 e 59 mm h-1, incluindo os dois solos estudados. A orientação da operação de semeadura em relação ao relevo, o tipo de cultura e a quantidade e o tipo de resíduo cultural influenciou a infiltração de água no solo, pois, no Nitossolo, os valores variaram entre 27 e 43 mm h-1 na semeadura em contorno e na direção do declive, respectivamente, com resíduos culturais de milho, trigo e soja, enquanto, no Cambissolo, a variação foi respectivamente entre 2 e 36 mm h-1 nos cultivos de soja e milho. O modelo de Horton ajustou-se aos valores de taxa de infiltração de água no solo, resultando na equação i = 30,2 + (68,2 - 30,2) e-0,0371t (R2 = 0,94**), para o Nitossolo; e i = 6,6 + (64,5 - 6,6) e-0,0537t (R2 = 0,99**), para o Cambissolo.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0100-0683
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: FapUNIFESP (SciELO)
    Publication Date: 2015
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2145594-6
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    FapUNIFESP (SciELO) ; 2017
    In:  Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo Vol. 41, No. 0 ( 2017)
    In: Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo, FapUNIFESP (SciELO), Vol. 41, No. 0 ( 2017)
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0100-0683
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: FapUNIFESP (SciELO)
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2145594-6
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  • 3
    In: Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo, FapUNIFESP (SciELO), Vol. 31, No. 4 ( 2007-08), p. 781-792
    Abstract: Among conservation tillage methods, no-till has shown to be the most effective in reducing soil losses caused by rainfall erosion, but with considerable data variation regarding water loss. Considering these aspects, this study was carried out with the objective of evaluating soil and water losses, the chemical demand of oxygen (CDO), electrical conductivity, and the pH of surface runoff, associated with interrill erosion under simulated rainfall. The field study was conducted in October 2003 in Marechal Cândido Rondon county, western Paraná state, Brazil, in an area cultivated under no-till and that received chemical and organic fertilization. The soil is a clayey Oxisol (eutroferric Red Latosol) with 0.045 m m-1 slope. On small plots (1.0 x 1.0 m) with pre-wetted soil, the following rainfall intensities were applied by a rotating-boom rainfall simulator: 70.0, 60.0 and 120.0 mm h-1, during 20 min each, with time intervals of 30 min in-between. The treatments consisted of: (a) chemical fertilization, with nitrogen, phosphorous, and potassium _ NPK; (b) organic fertilization with liquid swine manure_ DLS, and (c) no-fertilization (control treatment) _ T. The highest soil and water losses in the experiment were observed in the DLS treatment, regardless of the simulated rains (except soil loss in the last rain, which reached the highest value in the study); the results of NPK and control T treatments were similar. The highest values of chemical oxygen demand, electrical conductivity and pH of surface runoff were also observed in the DLS treatment, while the lowest values occurred in the T treatment (except the chemical oxygen demand in the NPK treatment, which was also low), regardless of the simulated rains.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0100-0683
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: FapUNIFESP (SciELO)
    Publication Date: 2007
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2145594-6
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    FapUNIFESP (SciELO) ; 2012
    In:  Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo Vol. 36, No. 6 ( 2012-12), p. 1905-1910
    In: Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo, FapUNIFESP (SciELO), Vol. 36, No. 6 ( 2012-12), p. 1905-1910
    Abstract: The use of rain simulators is fundamental to study rainfall erosion. They are used to monitor the experimental conditions, particularly the rain characteristics and to understand the soil erosion process better. Several types of rainfall simulators have been developed since 1930 around the world. Currently, the Swanson model is the most commonly used. However, a small number of these simulators is fully operational in Brazil, due to the high degree of wear and difficulties of maintenance. The purpose of this study was to develop a new rainfall simulator model, made mostly of aluminum, with no motor to rotate the booms and driven by hydraulic thrust. This "water thrust" rainfall simulator maintains the general features of the Swanson model, mainly those related to the characteristics of the rainfall produced, but with less weight, making the gasoline engine to move the booms superfluous. These properties make this new model lighter, economical, quiet and easier to move about in the experimental area than the model Swanson, since it can be dislocated by only four persons. The rainfall intensity was linearly and positively correlated with the water pressure of the manometer.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0100-0683
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: FapUNIFESP (SciELO)
    Publication Date: 2012
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    FapUNIFESP (SciELO) ; 2019
    In:  Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental Vol. 23, No. 6 ( 2019-06), p. 425-431
    In: Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental, FapUNIFESP (SciELO), Vol. 23, No. 6 ( 2019-06), p. 425-431
    Abstract: RESUMO A erosão hídrica no solo é influenciada por diversos fatores, incluindo chuva, relevo, cobertura, e manejo e práticas conservacionistas. Ainda, a erosão é afetada pelo dejeto suíno (DS) aplicado ao solo como fertilizante. Os objetivos desta pesquisa foram i): avaliar a erosão em Cambissolo Húmico, após aplicação de DS sob diferentes tratamentos: plantio direto (PD), cultivo mínimo (CM), rotação de preparos (RP) e plantio convencional (PC), cultivados com Zea mays L., Avena strigosa, Glycyne max L., e Raphanus sativus em rotação, e ii): comparar a erosão antes e após a aplicação de DS em dose única de 50 m3 ha-1 em cada cultivo, logo após a germinação das culturas. O PD apresentou menor perda de solo e água, reduzindo em 81 e 13%, respectivamente, em relação à PC. Diferenças nas perdas de solo e água foram menores, entre CM e RP, do que nos outros tratamentos. O teor de fósforo (P) e potassio (K) nas camadas superficiais do solo foi maior em PD do que em PC. Os teores de P e K nos sedimentos foram maiores no PD que no PC. Ainda, os teores de P e K foram significativamente maiores nos sedimentos do que na água, especialmente PD. A aplicação da dose única de DS na superfície do solo melhorou os teores de P e K do solo e diminuiu a erosão hídrica em relação ao histórico de 19 anos que antecederam esta pesquisa, em diferentes sistemas de manejo do solo e sem aplicação de DS.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1807-1929 , 1415-4366
    Language: English
    Publisher: FapUNIFESP (SciELO)
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2164420-2
    SSG: 7,36
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  • 6
    In: Scientia Agricola, FapUNIFESP (SciELO), Vol. 73, No. 3 ( 2016-06), p. 286-293
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0103-9016
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: FapUNIFESP (SciELO)
    Publication Date: 2016
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2016347-2
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  • 7
    In: Revista Árvore, FapUNIFESP (SciELO), Vol. 44 ( 2020)
    Abstract: RESUMO A erosão hídrica é o principal fator de degradação e redução da capacidade produtiva do solo, exigindo operações de manejo que minimizem as perdas de água e solo e ao mesmo tempo maximizem a produtividade da cultura. Com a pesquisa objetivou-se quantificar as perdas por erosão hídrica e, na água de enxurrada, determinar os teores e as perdas totais de P e K durante o desenvolvimento de eucalipto (Eucalyptus benthamii). O eucalipto foi plantado em três tipos de preparo do solo: mecanizado em sulcos na direção do declive (PMD); mecanizado em sulcos perpendiculares ao declive (PMC); e cova individual para cada planta (PSC), em um experimento no sul do Brasil sobre um Cambissolo Háplico. Observamos que o preparo mecânico do solo realizado na direção do declive é menos eficaz no controle das perdas de solo do que o mecânico realizado perpendicularmente ao declive e do que o manual em covas, nos quais as perdas de solo equivalem a 10% daquelas que ocorrem na direção do declive. Quanto ao controle das perdas de água, o preparo manual em covas é mais eficaz do que os dois preparos mecanizados. As maiores perdas de solo ocorrem no outono, com perdas 27 vezes maiores em relação às outras estações do ano, e as maiores perdas de água ocorreram no preparo mecanizado perpendicularmente ao declive e no preparo manual. As perdas de água variam menos do que as perdas de solo, independentemente do tipo de preparo de solo e da estação do ano. As perdas de fósforo e potássio pela água de enxurrada variam com os teores no solo, com o tipo de preparo do solo e com o momento de avaliação.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1806-9088 , 0100-6762
    Language: English
    Publisher: FapUNIFESP (SciELO)
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2111203-4
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  • 8
    In: Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo, FapUNIFESP (SciELO), Vol. 30, No. 3 ( 2006-06), p. 543-553
    Abstract: Soil surface roughness is, among other factors, affected by soil tillage, cumulative rainfall and aggregate stability in relation to destructive water action. The soil surface roughness of a soil classified as a Haplumbrept was evaluated in an area where a water erosion experiment under natural rainfall has been carried out over the course of 15 years in the South of the Planalto Catarinense, Santa Catarina State, Brazil. The soil microrelief was characterized by the indices: roughness (RR), tortuosity (T) and limiting elevation difference (LD) and was measured in 2003 in a corn crop, and in 2004 in an oat crop (cumulative rainfall during the experimental periods was 229 and 350 mm, respectively). Moreover, water aggregate stability was evaluated and expressed by the mean weight diameter (DMP) and mean geometric diameter (DMG) of aggregates between the two crops, in 2004. The studied soil tillage system treatments were: plowing plus disking (PC), chisel plow plus disking (CM), and no-tillage (SD), both under corn and oat crops. One additional treatment used as reference consisted of bare soil tillage with plowing plus disking (SC). The surface roughness was evaluated five times under corn and four times under oat. The first evaluation was carried out immediately after soil tilling and the others every other week. The initial values of the RR, T, and LD indices were high and decreased with increasing rainfall on SC, PC AND CM treatments, while in the SD treatment the afore-mentioned indices were only high for oat and varied very little as the rainfall increased. The reduction in the random RR index was the highest in the BS treatment, while the lowest reduction occurred in the SD treatment. The values of all indices under study were reduced in comparison to that of the original microrelief condition, where the slope effects and the soil tillage marks had not been removed, with the condition where they were not considered. The RR, T, and LD indices evaluated in random conditions, were inversely correlated with the natural rainfall volume. The cumulative decay of the random RR index towards the end of the experiment was inversely correlated with the DMP and DMG of the soil structure aggregates.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0100-0683
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: FapUNIFESP (SciELO)
    Publication Date: 2006
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2145594-6
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    FapUNIFESP (SciELO) ; 2005
    In:  Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo Vol. 29, No. 2 ( 2005-04), p. 277-286
    In: Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo, FapUNIFESP (SciELO), Vol. 29, No. 2 ( 2005-04), p. 277-286
    Abstract: Nutrient losses are influenced by the soil tillage system. In general, nutrient concentrations in runoff are higher in soil conservation tillage systems, whereas the total nutrient losses are higher in conventional soil tillage. The NH4+ and NO3- losses in water and mineral nitrogen in runoff sediment were determined under natural rainfall in the following tillage systems: six years of no-tillage (NT6), nine years of no-tillage (NT9), nine years of chisel plow plus disking cultivation (CD9), nine years of plowing plus double disking (PD9) and nine years of plowing plus double disking without crop planting (BS9). The experiment was conducted on an Inceptisol (Haplumbrept) with a mean slope of 0.102 m m-1 from November 1999 to October 2001. In the treatments with soil cultivation a rotation of crops including bean, vetch, maize, and oat was used and, in crop succession, soybean, wheat, soybean, and wheat was adopted. Soil and water losses were higher in the conventional soil tillage than under soil conservation tillage systems. The NH4+ and NO3- concentrations in the runoff water from conventional soil tillage were lower than from soil conservation tillage, while the mineral nitrogen concentration in runoff sediment from the soil conservation was lower than from the conventional tillage treatments. Total NH4+ and NO3- losses through runoff water and nitrogen losses through the sediment were lower in the soil conservation than in the conventional soil tillage system.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0100-0683
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: FapUNIFESP (SciELO)
    Publication Date: 2005
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2145594-6
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    FapUNIFESP (SciELO) ; 2017
    In:  Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo Vol. 41, No. 0 ( 2017)
    In: Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo, FapUNIFESP (SciELO), Vol. 41, No. 0 ( 2017)
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0100-0683
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: FapUNIFESP (SciELO)
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2145594-6
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