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  • 1
    In: Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health, Elsevier BV, Vol. 10 ( 2021-04), p. 100695-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2213-3984
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2706124-3
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    University of the Philippines Manila ; 2018
    In:  Acta Medica Philippina Vol. 52, No. 1 ( 2018-02-28)
    In: Acta Medica Philippina, University of the Philippines Manila, Vol. 52, No. 1 ( 2018-02-28)
    Abstract: Background. While hand hygiene is recognized as the cornerstone for reducing risk for nosocomial infections, compliance in our institution remains low. Previously identified barriers include poor access to hand hygiene products, lack of reminders, and poor knowledge on indications. Methods. At the medical wards and ICU of a tertiary hospital, a group of medical students, residents, and nurses was exposed to interventions addressing the identified barriers. Alcohol handrub was provided at each bedside, visual reminders were placed at critical locations, and commonly missed opportunities were reinforced at the start of the study. Hand hygiene compliance was covertly evaluated after two weeks and compared against that of an unexposed group. Results. 664 and 727 hand hygiene opportunities were observed in the unexposed and exposed groups, respectively. Compliance was higher in the exposed group (32.60% vs. 16.26%, p 〈 0.05), which by subset analysis was consistent for the different healthcare worker designations and locations evaluated. Nurses had the highest compliance rate in both groups. Conclusions. These results suggest the efficacy of the employed interventions in improving hand hygiene compliance in this setting. Hand hygiene opportunities identified to be most frequently missed in this observation can guide future intervention efforts in our institution.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2094-9278 , 0001-6071
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: University of the Philippines Manila
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2881489-7
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  • 3
    In: Advances in Hematology, Hindawi Limited, Vol. 2015 ( 2015), p. 1-6
    Abstract: Aim . The study aimed to describe the profile of Filipino febrile neutropenia patients and to determine parameters associated with severe outcomes. Methods . This is a retrospective study of Filipino febrile neutropenia patients admitted to the Philippine General Hospital. Patients were described in terms of clinical presentation and stratified according to the presence or absence of severe outcomes. Prognostic factors were then identified using regression analysis. Results . 115 febrile episodes in 102 patients were identified. Regression analysis yielded prolonged fever 〉 7 days prior to admission (OR 2.43; 95% CI, 0.77–7.74), isolation of a pathogen on cultures (OR 2.69; 95% CI, 1.04–6.98), and nadir absolute neutrophil count (ANC) 〈 100 during admission (OR 1.96; 95% CI, 0.75–5.12) as significant predictors of poor outcome. Factors that significantly correlated with better outcome were granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) use (OR 0.31; 95% CI, 0.11–0.85) and completeness of antibiotic therapy (OR 0.26; 95% CI, 0.10–0.67). Conclusion . Prolonged fever 〉 7 days prior to admission, positive pathogen on cultures, and nadir ANC 〈 100 during admission predicted severe outcomes, whereas G-CSF use and complete antibiotic therapy were associated with better outcomes. These prognostic variables might be useful in identifying patients that need more intensive treatment and monitoring.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1687-9104 , 1687-9112
    Language: English
    Publisher: Hindawi Limited
    Publication Date: 2015
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2494501-8
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Wiley ; 2010
    In:  Evidence-Based Child Health: A Cochrane Review Journal Vol. 5, No. 3 ( 2010-09), p. 1206-1245
    In: Evidence-Based Child Health: A Cochrane Review Journal, Wiley, Vol. 5, No. 3 ( 2010-09), p. 1206-1245
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1557-6272
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2010
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2233026-4
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    University of the Philippines Manila ; 2023
    In:  Acta Medica Philippina Vol. 57, No. 1 ( 2023-01-31)
    In: Acta Medica Philippina, University of the Philippines Manila, Vol. 57, No. 1 ( 2023-01-31)
    Abstract: “Is it my problem if my father-in-law does not want to get vaccinated?”All of us must have encountered scenarios like the above. We have all met individuals who refused or hesitate to get vaccinated for COVID-19. They could be from our family members, our colleagues, our friends, our employees, our neighbors, our school, or communities, from anywhere! We do not need to look far. What will we do? Or how should we approach these situations?For more than a year now, we have been witnessing the unfolding of the roll out of the “biggest” vaccine drives in history. Furthermore, this COVID-19 pandemic challenged every individual to make a personal stand about accepting and even promoting vaccination. This issue of the Acta Medica Philippina includes two contributions that give us different perspectives on the phenomenon called “Vaccine Hesitancy.” Vaccine hesitancy is reluctance or refusal to get vaccinated even with theavailability of vaccines.While vaccine hesitancy is observed across the world, our issue looks specifically at the factors which contribute to the unique experiences in the Southeast Asian region and even more specifically to our country. These discussions will lead to a better understanding of drivers, both barriers and enablers to vaccine acceptance and uptake. This timely sharing of information comes at that crucial period when the vaccine hesitancy rates are high in our country despite efforts of our government to persuade as many individuals as possible to come for their COVID-19 booster vaccines. The World Health Organization (WHO) released guidance for countries and governments on how they can improve the vaccine uptake of their constituents.1 In addition to addressing the need for up-to-date information campaigns, governments and other “actors” who play major roles in the implementation of the vaccination program, especially during the current pandemic, need to listen and attune themselves to the main drivers of vaccine acceptance versus hesitancy. These are: 1) providing an enabling environment, 2) social influences; and 3) motivation.The paper of Hartigan-Go and group shows vaccine hesitancy research and how this information may be used to strategize vaccine education and communication campaigns to increase vaccine uptake.2The invited essay is a discussion on how the traumatic experience we all witnessed in recent national history with another novel vaccine is an important driver negatively affecting behavior toward vaccination campaigns; and how can we move forward from there.3We hope these contributions will help us all appreciate and respect the complexity of behavior related to vaccination, persuade our countrymen towards action that will help us achieve our desired goals for more, and work towards attaining our goal of better health for all. Regina P. Berba, MD, MScHospital Infection Control Unit, Philippine General HospitalCollege of Medicine, University of the Philippines Manila   REFERENCES 1. Behavioural considerations for acceptance and uptake of COVID-19 vaccines: WHO Technical Advisory Group on Behavioural Insights and Sciences for Health, meeting report, 15 October 2020. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2020. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.2. Hartigan-Go KY, Mendoza RU, Ong MMA, Yap JK. COVID-19 Vaccine hesitancy in ASEAN: Insights from a Multi-wave Survey Database from July 2020 to March 2021. Acta Med Philipp. 2023;57(1):10-16.3. Berba RP. Addressing vaccine hesitancy during the COVID-19 pandemic: Learning from the past and moving forward. Acta Med Philipp. 2023;57(1):4-9.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2094-9278 , 0001-6071
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: University of the Philippines Manila
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2881489-7
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  • 6
    In: Acta Medica Philippina, University of the Philippines Manila, Vol. 55, No. 2 ( 2021-04-27)
    Abstract: Objective. To determine the diagnostic accuracy of self-collected snorted and spit saliva in detecting COVID-19 using RT-PCR (ssRT-PCR) and lateral flow antigen test (ssLFA) versus nasopharyngeal swab RT-PCR (npRT-PCR). Methods. One hundred ninety-seven symptomatic subjects for COVID-19 testing in a tertiary hospital underwent snort-spit saliva self-collection for RT-PCR and antigen testing and nasopharyngeal swab for RT-PCR as reference. Positivity rates, agreement, sensitivity, specificity, and likelihood ratios were estimated. Results. Estimated prevalence of COVID-19 using npRT-PCR was 9% (exact 95% CI of 5.5% - 14.1%). A higher positivity rate of 13% in the ssRT-PCR assay suggested possible higher viral RNA in the snort-spit samples. There was 92.9% agreement between ssRT-PCR and npRT-PCR (exact 95% CI of 88.4% to 96.1%; Cohen’s Kappa of 0.6435). If npRT-PCR will be assumed as reference standard, the estimated Sensitivity was 83.3% (exact 95% CI of 60.8% to 94.2%), Specificity 93.9% (exact 95% CI of 89.3% to 96.5%), Positive predictive value of 57.7% (exact 95% CI of 38.9% to 74.5%), Negative predictive value of 98.2% (exact 95% CI of 95% to 99.4%), positive likelihood ratio of 3.65 (95% CI of 7.37 to 24.9), negative likelihood ratio of 0.178 (95% CI of 0.063 to 0.499). There was 84.84% agreement (95% exact CI of 79.1% to 89.5%; Cohen’s Kappa of 0.2356) between ssLFAvs npRT-PCR, sensitivity of 38.9% (exact 95% CI of 20.3% to 61.4%), specificity of 89.4% (exact 95% CI of 84.1% to 93.1%), PPV of 26.9% (95% CI of 13.7% to 46.1%), NPV of 93.6% (exact 95% CI of 88.8% to 96.4%), LR+ of 3.67 (95% CI of 1.79 - 7.51), LR – of 0.68 (95% CI of 0.47 - 0.99). Conclusion. Our data showed that snort-spit saliva RT-PCR testing had acceptable diagnostic performance characteristics and can potentially be used as an alternative to the standard nasopharyngeal/oropharyngeal swab RT-PCR test for COVID-19 in certain situations. However, our data also showed that snort-spit saliva antigen testing using lateral flow assay did not offer acceptable performance.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2094-9278 , 0001-6071
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: University of the Philippines Manila
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2881489-7
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    University of the Philippines Manila ; 2023
    In:  Acta Medica Philippina Vol. 57, No. 1 ( 2023-01-31)
    In: Acta Medica Philippina, University of the Philippines Manila, Vol. 57, No. 1 ( 2023-01-31)
    Abstract: Excerpt:Anong hirap ang kailangan niyong maranasan para kayo ay magpabakuna na? How much suffering are you willing to risk experiencing to persuade you to go for COVID-19 vaccination?Working at a COVID-19 Referral Center, we probably saw a lot more critically ill COVID-19 patients than in other hospitals in the Philippines. During the height of the Delta surge in 2021, our intensive care units (ICUs) for adults and pediatric critical COVID-19 were always full with a long waiting line. The typical medical history of the patients would be a senior retiree, usually a Lolo (grandfather) or a Lola (grandmother), who needed urgent support to be hooked to a mechanical ventilator because they could not breathe on their own anymore. When asked about their COVID-19 vaccination status, Loloand Lola were often not vaccinated. Other times, the patient may not yet be old enough to be considered a Lolo or Lola but may have illnesses like heart failure, diabetes, hypertension, or on dialysis. They too were often not vaccinated. And occasionally, we admitted small children who would seemingly be out of place in the sea of adult patients in the Emergency Room. One would think that because the very young have not yet been allowed to get vaccinated, the people around them would strive to be vaccinated to protect these little ones. On the contrary, though, we saw many young patients whose exposures to COVID-19 came from their unvaccinated parents. This heartbreaking situation continued despite the intensive COVID-19 vaccination program of our government. When one thinks about it, it is possible that some of the many deaths and sufferings of patients and the anguish of grieving families, as well as the lonely exits of beloved ones dying alone amidst CPR machines and teams, may have been avoided had unvaccinated patients opted to be vaccinated. Now over 2 ½ years into the pandemic with many cases said to be mild, we continue to have a continuous flow of admissions for COVID-19 which fall into the moderate, severe, and even critical COVID-19, and some of them are because they have remained unvaccinated. Where and how can we improve the situation?
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2094-9278 , 0001-6071
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: University of the Philippines Manila
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2881489-7
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    University of the Philippines Manila ; 2018
    In:  Acta Medica Philippina Vol. 52, No. 1 ( 2018-02-28)
    In: Acta Medica Philippina, University of the Philippines Manila, Vol. 52, No. 1 ( 2018-02-28)
    Abstract: Background. Nosocomial TB transmission adversely affects inpatients and healthcare workers (HCWs). HCWs have a higher risk of tuberculosis and MDR-TB compared to the general population. Nosocomial TB outbreaks have occurred among patients with HIV/AIDS. Hospitals need to examine TB infection control measures in order to address this growing concern. Objective. This study aimed to evaluate the TB infection control strategies in the adult service wards of the Philippine General Hospital (PGH). Methods. This descriptive study was conducted on adult inpatients with bacteriologically-confirmed PTB admitted in April-August 2016. A data collection tool based on Center for Disease Control (CDC) guidelines was utilized for chart review. Baseline characteristics, diagnosis, treatment, and isolation intervals were obtained and compared between areas. In-hospital TB infection control practices were reviewed using the CDC TB Risk Assessment Worksheet with data from the TB-DOTS, UP Health Service, PGH Hospital Infection Control Unit, and PGH Department of Laboratories. Results. Of the 95 patients with bacteriologically-confirmed PTB, data from 72 medical records were available and included in the analysis. Majority were Medicine patients (55.6%) with a diagnosis of pneumonia (52.8%). Only 61.1% were PTB suspects on admission. The mean diagnosis interval was 5.82 days±5.473, the mean treatment interval was 0.77 days±2.941, and the mean isolation interval was 8.23 days±6.372. Only 41.7% were successfully isolated. The most common reasons for isolation failure/delay were lack of vacancy (ER, Medicine wards) and lack of isolation room (Surgical wards). Treatment initiation rate was 66.7% while TB-DOTS inpatient referral rate was 55.6%. The hospital is classified as having potential ongoing transmission of PTB. Conclusion. In this study, TB treatment was promptly started but there were delays in diagnosis and isolation. Gaps included 1) lack of recognition of a PTB case, 2) limited isolation rooms, and 3) inadequate utilization of TB-DOTS. TB infection control measures need to be strengthened in order to prevent nosocomial transmission of PTB.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2094-9278 , 0001-6071
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: University of the Philippines Manila
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2881489-7
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  • 9
    In: CVD Prevention and Control, Ubiquity Press, Ltd., Vol. 4 ( 2009-5), p. S124-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1875-4570
    Language: English
    Publisher: Ubiquity Press, Ltd.
    Publication Date: 2009
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  • 10
    In: Asian Journal of Research in Infectious Diseases, Sciencedomain International, ( 2021-03-05), p. 37-46
    Abstract: Background: Saliva has been demonstrated as a feasible alternative specimen to nasopharyngeal swab for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 using real-time or quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) method that bypasses the need for explicit viral ribonucleic acid (RNA) extraction. Aim: To assess the diagnostic validity of direct saliva-to-qRT-PCR in the detection of SARS-CoV-2 compared to conventional nasopharyngeal swab qRT-PCR. Methodology: Self-collected saliva samples were processed by heating at 95oC for 30 minutes followed by addition of buffer and detergent while viral RNA from nasopharyngeal swabs were extracted using the Sansure Biotech sample release reagent.  Paired samples were used as templates for qRT-PCR using the Sansure Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) Nucleic Acid Diagnostic Kit and Sansure Biotech MA6000 Real-Time Quantitative PCR System. Direct saliva-to-qRT-PCR was compared to nasopharyngeal swab qRT-PCR in terms of diagnostic validity and agreement parameters, and both platforms were compared separately in terms of similar parameters with a composite reference standard (CRS) wherein the criteria for a positive result is SARS-CoV-2 detection in at least either nasopharyngeal swab or saliva. Results:  Of the 238 nasopharyngeal swab-saliva pairs tested, 20 (8.4%) nasopharyngeal swab and 24 (10.1%) saliva specimens tested positive. We documented a sensitivity of 85.0% (95% CI: 62.1%, 96.8%), specificity of 96.8% (95% CI: 93.5%, 98.7%), accuracy of 95.8% (95% CI: 92.4%, 98.0%) and Cohen Kappa of 0.75 (95% CI: 0.60, 0.90) when direct saliva-to-qRT-PCR was compared to the conventional platform. When the two platforms were individually compared to the CRS, numerically higher but not statistically significant sensitivity and accuracy were noted for direct saliva-to-qRT-PCR than for nasopharyngeal swab qRT-PCR. Conclusion: Direct saliva-to-qRT-PCR is non-inferior to nasopharyngeal swab qRT-PCR for detecting SARS-CoV-2 using the Sansure Novel Coronavirus Nucleic Acid Diagnostic Kit.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2582-3221
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Sciencedomain International
    Publication Date: 2021
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