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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Soil fungal composition changes with shrub encroachment in the northern Chihuahuan Desert
    Elsevier BV ; 2021
    In:  Fungal Ecology Vol. 53 ( 2021-10), p. 101096-
    Details
    In: Fungal Ecology, Elsevier BV, Vol. 53 ( 2021-10), p. 101096-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1754-5048
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/j.funeco.2021.101096
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2451111-0
    SSG: 12
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  • 2
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    Climate Disruption of Plant-Microbe Interactions
    Annual Reviews ; 2020
    In:  Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics Vol. 51, No. 1 ( 2020-11-02), p. 561-586
    Details
    In: Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics, Annual Reviews, Vol. 51, No. 1 ( 2020-11-02), p. 561-586
    Abstract: Interactions between plants and microbes have important influences on evolutionary processes, population dynamics, community structure, and ecosystem function. We review the literature to document how climate change may disrupt these ecological interactions and develop a conceptual framework to integrate the pathways of plant-microbe responses to climate over different scales in space and time. We then create a blueprint to aid generalization that categorizes climate effects into changes in the context dependency of plant-microbe pairs, temporal mismatches and altered feedbacks over time, or spatial mismatches that accompany species range shifts. We pair a new graphical model of how plant-microbe interactions influence resistance to climate change with a statistical approach to predictthe consequences of increasing variability in climate. Finally, we suggest pathways through which plant-microbe interactions can affect resilience during recovery from climate disruption. Throughout, we take a forward-looking perspective, highlighting knowledge gaps and directions for future research.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1543-592X , 1545-2069
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1146/ecolsys.2020.51.issue-1
    DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-011720-090819
    Language: English
    Publisher: Annual Reviews
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2131893-1
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2131661-2
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    SSG: 14
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  • 3
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    Testing for loss of Epichloë and non‐epichloid symbionts under altered rainfall regimes
    Wiley ; 2019
    In:  American Journal of Botany Vol. 106, No. 8 ( 2019-08), p. 1081-1089
    Details
    In: American Journal of Botany, Wiley, Vol. 106, No. 8 ( 2019-08), p. 1081-1089
    Abstract: Microbial symbionts can buffer plant hosts from environmental change. Therefore, understanding how global change factors alter the associations between hosts and their microbial symbionts may improve predictions of future changes in host population dynamics and microbial diversity. Here, we investigated how one global change factor, precipitation, affected the maintenance or loss of symbiotic fungal endophytes in a C 3 grass host. Specifically, we examined the distinct responses of Epichloë (vertically transmitted and systemic) and non‐epichloid endophytes (typically horizontally transmitted and localized) by considering (1) how precipitation altered associations with Epichloë and non‐epichloid endophytic taxa across host ontogeny, and (2) interactive effects of water availability and Epichloë on early seedling life history stages. Methods We manipulated the presence of Epichloë amarillans in American beachgrass ( Ammophila breviligulata ) in a multiyear field experiment that imposed three precipitation regimes (ambient or ±30% rainfall). In laboratory assays, we investigated the interactive effects of water availability and Epichloë on seed viability and germination. Results Reduced precipitation decreased the incidence of Epichloë in leaves in the final sampling period, but had no effect on associations with non‐epichloid taxa. Epichloë reduced the incidence of non‐epichloid endophytes, including systemic p‐endophytes, in seeds. Laboratory assays suggested that association with Epichloë is likely maintained, in part, due to increased seed viability and germination regardless of water availability. Conclusions Our study empirically demonstrates several pathways for plant symbionts to be lost or maintained across host ontogeny and suggests that reductions in precipitation can drive the loss of a plant's microbial symbionts.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0002-9122 , 1537-2197
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.v106.8
    DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.1340
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2053581-8
    SSG: 12
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  • 4
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    Fungal symbiont effects on dune plant diversity depend on precipitation
    Wiley ; 2015
    In:  Journal of Ecology Vol. 103, No. 1 ( 2015-01), p. 219-230
    Details
    In: Journal of Ecology, Wiley, Vol. 103, No. 1 ( 2015-01), p. 219-230
    Abstract: Historically, mutualisms have been considered to be less important than antagonisms in affecting the composition of ecological communities. In plant communities, beneficial microbes may feature as keystone mutualists in structuring community composition. Understanding the direction and magnitude of mutualist effects at the community scale may be critical for making accurate predictions on plant responses to climate change, particularly for mutualists that ameliorate climate‐induced stressors. Such mitigation could shift outcomes between mutualist‐enhanced species diversity and mutualist‐reduced diversity, depending on whether a mutualist accelerates habitat modification or competitive exclusion by its partner species. Here, we tested the relative importance and interactive effects of altered precipitation and symbiosis between an epichloid fungal endophyte and a dominant grass species for dune plant communities along the Great Lakes, USA . In 2010, we imposed field manipulations of endophyte presence in the foundation dune grass Ammophila breviligulata in combination with rainout shelters and rainfall additions. We monitored natural rates of colonization by new plant individuals over 3 years. Under the current precipitation regime, endophyte symbiosis in A . breviligulata reduced colonizing plant diversity, species richness and evenness. This effect depended on the amount of precipitation, with the symbiosis having weaker effects on plant diversity under both augmented and reduced rainfall treatments. Despite the overall negative effect of endophyte symbiosis on plant diversity, plant responses to the endophyte were species specific. A federally threatened forb, Cirsium pitcheri, increased in abundance when the symbiosis was present, regardless of precipitation regime. Endophyte symbiosis in A . breviligulata caused minor reductions in the abundance of other grass species; however, augmented precipitation benefited other grasses. Synthesis . We show that microbial mutualisms can have strong effects on community structure in a native ecosystem and that the amount of precipitation has the potential to alter how these keystone species interactions affect community composition. Predictions on future plant community structure, for both restored and native dunes, can be improved by accounting for the presence of fungal symbionts in the foundation plant species.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-0477 , 1365-2745
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/jec.2015.103.issue-1
    DOI: 10.1111/1365-2745.12338
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2015
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3023-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2004136-6
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  • 5
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    Leaf endophytic fungus interacts with precipitation to alter belowground microbial communities in primary successional dunes
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2017
    In:  FEMS Microbiology Ecology Vol. 93, No. 6 ( 2017-06-01)
    Details
    In: FEMS Microbiology Ecology, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 93, No. 6 ( 2017-06-01)
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1574-6941
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fix036
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1501712-6
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  • 6
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    Low variation in arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal associations and effects on biomass among switchgrass cultivars
    Elsevier BV ; 2018
    In:  Biomass and Bioenergy Vol. 119 ( 2018-12), p. 503-508
    Details
    In: Biomass and Bioenergy, Elsevier BV, Vol. 119 ( 2018-12), p. 503-508
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0961-9534
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/j.biombioe.2018.10.012
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1496404-1
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    SSG: 23
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  • 7
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    Large ecosystem-scale effects of restoration fail to mitigate impacts of land-use legacies in longleaf pine savannas
    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ; 2021
    In:  Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Vol. 118, No. 17 ( 2021-04-27)
    Details
    In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 118, No. 17 ( 2021-04-27)
    Abstract: Ecological restoration is a global priority, with potential to reverse biodiversity declines and promote ecosystem functioning. Yet, successful restoration is challenged by lingering legacies of past land-use activities, which are pervasive on lands available for restoration. Although legacies can persist for centuries following cessation of human land uses such as agriculture, we currently lack understanding of how land-use legacies affect entire ecosystems, how they influence restoration outcomes, or whether restoration can mitigate legacy effects. Using a large-scale experiment, we evaluated how restoration by tree thinning and land-use legacies from prior cultivation and subsequent conversion to pine plantations affect fire-suppressed longleaf pine savannas. We evaluated 45 ecological properties across four categories: 1) abiotic attributes, 2) organism abundances, 3) species diversity, and 4) species interactions. The effects of restoration and land-use legacies were pervasive, shaping all categories of properties, with restoration effects roughly twice the magnitude of legacy effects. Restoration effects were of comparable magnitude in savannas with and without a history of intensive human land use; however, restoration did not mitigate numerous legacy effects present prior to restoration. As a result, savannas with a history of intensive human land use supported altered properties, especially related to soils, even after restoration. The signature of past human land-use activities can be remarkably persistent in the face of intensive restoration, influencing the outcome of restoration across diverse ecological properties. Understanding and mitigating land-use legacies will maximize the potential to restore degraded ecosystems.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0027-8424 , 1091-6490
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2020935118
    RVK:
    TA 1000
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 209104-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1461794-8
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  • 8
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    Agricultural land‐use history and restoration impact soil microbial biodiversity
    Wiley ; 2020
    In:  Journal of Applied Ecology Vol. 57, No. 5 ( 2020-05), p. 852-863
    Details
    In: Journal of Applied Ecology, Wiley, Vol. 57, No. 5 ( 2020-05), p. 852-863
    Abstract: Human land uses, such as agriculture, can leave long‐lasting legacies as ecosystems recover. As a consequence, active restoration may be necessary to overcome land‐use legacies; however, few studies have evaluated the joint effects of agricultural history and restoration on ecological communities. Those that have studied this joint effect have largely focused on plants and ignored other communities, such as soil microbes. We conducted a large‐scale experiment to understand how agricultural history and restoration tree thinning affect soil bacterial and fungal communities within longleaf pine savannas of the southern United States. This experiment contained 64 pairs of remnant (no history of tillage agriculture) and post‐agricultural (reforested following abandonment from tillage agriculture 〉 60 years prior) longleaf pine savanna plots. Plots were each 1 ha and arranged into 27 blocks to minimize land‐use decision‐making biases. We experimentally restored half of the remnant and post‐agricultural plots by thinning trees to reinstate open‐canopy savanna conditions and collected soils from all plots five growing seasons after tree thinning. We then evaluated soil bacterial and fungal communities using metabarcoding. Agricultural history increased bacterial diversity but decreased fungal diversity, while restoration increased both bacterial and fungal diversity. Both bacterial and fungal richness were correlated with a range of environmental variables including above‐ground variables like leaf litter and plant diversity, and below‐ground variables such as soil nutrients, pH and organic matter, many of which were also impacted by agricultural history and restoration. Fungal and bacterial community compositions were shaped by restoration and agricultural history resulting in four distinct communities across the four treatment combinations. Synthesis and applications . Past agricultural land use has left persistent legacies on soil microbial biodiversity, even over half a century after agricultural abandonment and after intensive restoration activities. The impacts of these changes on soil microbe biodiversity could influence native plant establishment, plant productivity and other aspects of ecosystem functioning following agricultural abandonment and during restoration.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0021-8901 , 1365-2664
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/jpe.v57.5
    DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13591
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2020408-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 410405-5
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  • 9
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    Does phylogeny matter? Assessing the impact of phylogenetic information in ecological meta-analysis : Phylogenetic meta-analysis
    Wiley ; 2012
    In:  Ecology Letters Vol. 15, No. 6 ( 2012-06), p. 627-636
    Details
    In: Ecology Letters, Wiley, Vol. 15, No. 6 ( 2012-06), p. 627-636
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1461-023X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2012.01776.x
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2012
    SSG: 12
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  • 10
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    Plant–fungal symbiosis affects litter decomposition during primary succession
    Wiley ; 2017
    In:  Oikos Vol. 126, No. 6 ( 2017-06), p. 801-811
    Details
    In: Oikos, Wiley, Vol. 126, No. 6 ( 2017-06), p. 801-811
    Abstract: Microbial symbionts of plants can affect decomposition by altering the quality or quantity of host plant tissue (substrate) or the micro‐environment where decomposition occurs (conditioning). In C 3 grasses, foliar fungal endophytes (Clavicipitaceae) can increase plant resistance to drought and/or produce alkaloids that reduce herbivory – effects that may also influence host litter composition and subsequent litter decomposition. We studied the effect of the endophyte Epichloë sp. on litter decomposition in the Great Lakes dunes (USA) using a reciprocal design altering endophyte presence/absence in both American beachgrass Ammophila breviligulata substrate (litter bags) and its conditioning of the decomposition microenvironment. Symbiont treatments were crossed with rain‐out shelters that altered growing season precipitation. The first year of decomposition, senesced leaf substrate from A. breviligulata with Epichloë decomposed 21% faster than endophyte‐free substrate. By the third year, conditioning by live symbiotic plants reduced cumulative decomposition by 33% compared to plots planted with endophyte‐free plants. Of the traits we examined – litter quantity, C:N ratio, mineral composition, fungal colonization, and carbon chemistry – increased litter quantity via greater tiller production was the primary trait shift associated with endophyte symbiosis. Epichloë in A. breviligulata litter also altered litter nitrogen decomposition dynamics, as evidenced by lower nitrogen and protein content in decomposed tissue from plants that hosted the endophyte. Differences in initial litter quality and subsequent colonization by saprotrophic fungi were ruled out as key drivers. Altered precipitation had negligible effects on decomposing processes in the dunes. Grass– Epichloë symbiosis altered nutrient cycling through increasing the rate of litter decomposition when present in the litter and through reducing litter decomposition by conditioning the decomposition microenvironment. Epichloë are widespread symbionts of grasses. Thus, their effects on decomposition could be an important, but often overlooked, driver of nutrient cycling in grass‐dominated ecosystems.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0030-1299 , 1600-0706
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/oik.2017.v126.i6
    DOI: 10.1111/oik.03648
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2025658-9
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 207359-6
    SSG: 12
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